微拉曼光谱研究碳纤维/微滴和聚乙烯纤维/微滴的微观力学行为

使用微滴拉伸试验研究碳纤维、聚乙烯纤维/基体界面的微观力学性能,着重分析树脂微滴端部角大小分别对两种纤维/树脂微滴的界面微观力学行为的影响。发现在不同端部角下,两种纤维/树脂微滴界面的应力分布和应力传递不同。碳纤维/树脂微滴中的残余应力分布呈"W"型、外载拉伸应力分布呈"M"型,界面应力传递效率达到70%;而聚乙烯纤维/树脂微滴中的残余应力分布呈"M"型,外载拉伸应力分布呈"W"型,界面应力传递效率只有13%。根据力学模型得到的相应的剪应力分布都呈反对称分布,在纤维嵌入端存在剪应力集中,且碳纤维所受的剪应力远大于聚乙烯纤维。     

芳纶纤维加固钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究

本文根据芳纶纤维加固钢筋混凝土梁和未加固的混凝土参考梁的抗弯性能静载试验研究,分析了芳纶纤维加固钢筋混凝土受弯构件的破坏过程,研究了加固后钢筋混凝土受弯构件正截面的破坏特征、受力特点及影响因素(粘贴层数和配筋率)。结果表明,粘贴芳纶纤维可以明显地增加钢筋混凝土梁的抗弯刚度,有效地提高钢筋混凝土梁的抗弯承载能力和构件的延性,为芳纶纤维应用于土木工程结构加固领域提供了理论依据。     

芳纶纤维加固钢筋混凝土梁锚固长度的简化计算方法

根据芳纶纤维(Aramid Fiber Reinforced Plastic,简称 AFRP)补强加固钢筋混凝土梁的粘结破坏的试验结果,分析AFRP加固钢筋混凝土抗弯构件粘结界面的剪应力的分布规律,即在纤维截断点处存在较高的应力集中,随着离截断点距离的增大剪应力分布逐渐趋于均匀.粘结锚固长度不足和过高的应力集中是造成AFRP加固钢筋混凝土构件早期破坏的主要原因.采用"齿"状块体力学计算模型和混凝土裂缝理论推导了AFRP加固钢筋混凝土梁所需要的有效锚固长度,并通过修正得出了AFRP加固钢筋混凝土受弯构件最小锚固长度的简化计算公式,提出了AFRP的容许应变值和避免AFRP早期破坏应采用的措施,可供AFRP加固工程设计和施工参考.     

芳纶纤维加固钢筋混凝土梁抗弯疲劳性能试验研究

本文采用芳纶纤维加固钢筋混凝土梁进行室内疲劳试验,分析了混凝土和钢筋的应变滞回变化规律及加固构件刚度随循环次数的衰减变化规律.试验表明采用芳纶纤维进行加固后,梁的疲劳抗裂性能得到极大改善,有效地延长了损伤混凝土结构的使用寿命,验证了芳纶纤维用于加固承受疲劳荷载结构的可靠性.     

F-12和国产芳纶Ⅲ纤维/环氧单向复合材料力学性能和强度对比分析

采用单向复合材料缠绕型式,对F-12和国产芳纶Ⅲ纤维增强环氧复合材料进行力学性能测试,考核了两种芳纶纤维/环氧复合材料界面黏结性能,并进行拉伸破坏机理与强度分析,获得了强度参数值.结果表明:两种芳纶纤维单向复合材料具有明显的各向异性特征,轴向力学性能远高于径向力学性能;F-12/环氧复合材料力学性能优于国产芳纶Ⅲ/环氧复合材料性能;两种复合材料纤维/树脂界面粘接较差.     

碳纤维加固梁中碳纤维受力计算与相关系数的分析

根据弹性理论和部分组合截面假定,分析碳纤维加固混凝土梁体系,建立微元体粘结界面剪力表达式和碳纤维轴向拉力微分方程,从而推导出碳纤维拉力和粘结界面剪应力解析解的一般形式,提出并探讨碳纤维加固作用系数Kf和端部应力集中系数k,说明碳纤维加固机理及端部应力集中现象与影响因素.结合算例指出,碳纤维轴向拉力和粘结界面剪应力分布不均匀,在端部区段应力集中,应采取措施加强锚固.     

芳纶纤维/环氧树脂预浸料界面相容性的方法探究

预浸料要求树脂基体和增强纤维具有良好的匹配性,为了提高芳纶纤维/环氧树脂预浸料的界面相容性,本文从芳纶纤维表面改性及增韧技术两个方面进行综述,讨论了芳纶纤维物理改性和化学改性方法的优缺点,分析了界面增韧及环氧树脂基体的不同增韧途径,重点介绍了聚氨酯/环氧树脂互穿网络体系.认为芳纶纤维的偶联剂表面处理和聚氨酯增韧环氧树脂相结合,是提高芳纶纤维/环氧树脂预浸料层间剪切强度的的可行途径.     

计及界面损伤的纤维片材加固砼梁的弯曲破坏分析

对四点弯曲荷载作用下含微裂缝的纤维片材加固钢筋砼梁,建立一种计及梁中裂缝和纤雏片材与梁跨中界面发生损伤的分层剪滞模型,并采用复合材料力学中的细观统计破坏理论,研究了纤维片材断裂模式下的纤维应力重新分布和极限承载力,定量获得了纤维应力集中、纤维片材与砼梁之间的界面损伤区长度和极限承载力与界面剪切强度的关系.结果表明,应力集中随界面剪切强度的增加而增加;界面损伤区长度随界面剪切强度的增加而减小;极限承载力随界面剪切强度的增加是先增大后减小;适宜的界面黏结,极限承载力最高.     

芳纶纤维/AFR树脂复合材料界面粘结性能的研究

为了改善芳纶纤维复合材料的界面粘结性能,合成了一种新型树脂(AFR)作为基体,以未经任何表面处理的芳纶纤维作增强材料,制备了芳纶纤维/AFR复合材料。采用测定表面能、接触角、层间剪切强度、横向拉伸性能和扫描电镜观察形貌等方法,从宏观和微观等方面研究了芳纶纤维/AFR复合材料的界面粘结性能。结果表明,AFR树脂与芳纶纤维有相近的表面能,AFR树脂溶液与芳纶纤维的接触角为42.8°,而环氧树脂(EP)与芳纶纤维的接触角为68°,说明AFR树脂对芳纶纤维的润湿性优于EP树脂;芳纶/AFR复合材料的层间剪切强度、横向拉伸强度和纵向拉伸强度分别为74.64MPa、25.34MPa和2256MPa,比芳纶/EP复合材料的相应强度分别提高了28.7%、32.5%和13.4%,其复合材料破坏面的形貌也说明芳纶纤维与AFR树脂之间的界面粘结性能较好。     

芳纶纤维在子午线轮胎中的应用

采用Abaqus有限元分析软件,研究芳纶纤维在子午线轮胎带束层和冠带层中的应用效果。结果表明:轮胎带束层采用芳纶纤维,第1和第2带束层轴向、横向对称面内周向应力以及带束层端点周向应力均有不同程度下降,提高了轮胎强度和承载能力;冠带层采用芳纶纤维,轴向接地中心线上冠带层肩部应力显著降低,冠带层端点周向应力大幅减小,应力分布均匀性显著提高,能够降低轮胎骨架材料端点破坏的可能性。     

ON THE DEFORMATION OF DROPS AND BUBBLES WITH VARYING INTERFACIAL TENSION

In this paper the deformation of a translating fluid drop is examined in the limit of low Reynolds and capillary numbers. The general case of an arbitrarily varying interfacial tension is considered here. With the capillary number as a perturbation parameter, an expansion is carried out for small deformation to satisfy the normal stress condition. This leads to a rapidly converging Legendre series expansion for the deformation. This general result is applied to the special case of a translating drop with a stagnant cap of surfactant. An interesting feature of this special case is that although the shear stress at the interface has a square root singularity, the total normal stress is non-singular.     

Theoretical and finite element studies of interfacial stresses in reinforced concrete beams strengthened by externally FRP laminates plate

The paper presents the results of an analytical and numerical solution for interfacial stresses in carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP)–reinforced concrete (RC) hybrid beams studied by the finite element method. The analytical analysis is based on the deformation compatibility approach where both the shear and normal stresses are assumed to be invariant across the adhesive layer thickness. The adherend shear deformations are taken into account by assuming a parabolic shear stress through the thickness of both the concrete beam and the bonded plate. In numerical analysis, the mesh sensitivity test shows that the finite element results for interfacial stresses are not sensitive to the finite element mesh. The finite element analysis then is used to calculate the interfacial stress distribution and evaluate the effect of the structural parameters on the interfacial behavior. It is shown that both the normal and shear stresses at the interface are influenced by the material and geometry parameters of the composite beam. Numerical results from the present analysis are presented both to demonstrate the advantages of the present solution over existing ones and to illustrate the main characteristics of interfacial stress distributions. We can conclude that this research is helpful for the understanding the mechanical behavior of the interface and design of the FRP–RC hybrid structures.     

Effect of shear deformation on interfacial stresses in plated beams subjected to arbitrary loading

Bonding a fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite or metallic plate to the soffit of a reinforced concrete (RC), timber or metallic beam can significantly increase its strength and other aspects of structural performance. These hybrid beams are often found to fail due to premature debonding of the plate from the original beam in a brittle manner. This has led to the development of many analytical solutions over the last two decades to quantify the interfacial shear and normal stresses between the adherends. The adherends are subjected to axial, bending and shear deformations. However, most analytical solutions have neglected the influence of shear deformation of the adherends. For the few solutions which consider this effect in an approximate manner, their applicability is limited to one or two specific load cases. This paper presents a general analytical solution for the interfacial stresses in plated beams under an arbitrary loading with the shear deformation of the adherends duly considered. The shear stress distribution is assumed to be parabolic through the depth of the adherends in predicting the interfacial shear stress and Timoshenko's beam theory is adopted in predicting interfacial normal stress to account for the shear deformation. The solution is applicable to a beam of arbitrary prismatic cross-section bonded symmetrically or asymmetrically with a thin or thick plate, both having linear elastic material properties. The effect of shear deformation is illustrated through an example beam. The influence of material and geometric parameters of the adherends and adhesive on the interfacial stress concentrations at the plate end is discussed.     

A New Coupled Solution for Interfacial Stresses Analysis in a Repaired Beam with an Adhesively Bonded Prestressed FRP Plate

This paper focuses on a new coupling solution for determining the elastic interfacial shear and normal stresses in an adhesive joint between a strengthening plate and a simply supported beam. The mismatch of the curvatures in the beam and plate is considered by including both the effect of the adherend shear deformations and the prestressed laminates model. This new method leads to the coupling of governing differential equations for the interfacial shear and normal stresses. Most of the other solutions in the literature assume that the beam and plate have an equal curvature to uncouple this effect. In this paper, however, a solution is presented to calculate the interfacial stresses of beams strengthened with a prestressed composite plate having a new rigidity model coupled with the shear lag effect, which are neglected by the previous studies. It is found that the present method can predict accurately stresses in the interior and near the ends of the adhesive layer, where the stress fields can be significantly influenced by the edge effects. A parametric study was carried out to show how the stress concentration and distribution are influenced by the dimensions of the adherends and the material properties of the strengthened beam.     

Effects of short fiber tip geometry and inhomogeneous interphase on the stress distribution of rubber matrix sealing composites

The normal and interfacial shear stress distributions with flat fiber tip of short‐fiber‐reinforced rubber matrix sealing composites (SFRC) compared with the shear lag model were investigated by using the finite element method (FEM). The results indicate that stress values do not agree with those calculated by the shear lag model. The effect of different geometrical shapes of fiber tip on the stress distributions of SFRC was also investigated. The geometrical shapes of fiber tip under present investigation are flat, semi‐elliptical, hemispherical, and circular cone, respectively. The results show that the hemispherical fiber tip transfers the load with less stress concentration and is contributed to controlling the interface debonding failure more effectively than other shapes of fiber tip. Further study on the effect of the inhomogeneous interphase properties on the normal and interfacial shear stresses of hemispherical fiber tip was also conducted. The results indicate that the normal stress increases with the increase of the interphase thickness and interfacial shear stress remains unchanged, and the normal stress values of SFRC with interphase are higher than those without interphase. The interphase elastic modulus has no influence on the stress distributions along the direction to the fiber axis. The stress distributions along the radial direction in the interphase end are largely dependent on the interphase elastic modulus, and the interfacial shear stress is larger than the normal stress, which reveals that a significant part of the external load is transferred from the fiber to the matrix through shear stresses within the interphase. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41638.     

环氧基体与竹节状有机纤维之间的界面性能研究

本文采用单丝拔出试验和动态力学分析研究了环氧树脂基复合材料中基体与竹节状有机短纤维之间的界面特性.有关的试验结果表明:在弱界面结合的条件下,由于在竹节状有机短纤维中凸节的存在,可以提高纤维与基体之间的界面结合强度,也有利于纤维末端界面剪切应力的传递.     

A Theoretical Improved Adhesively Bonded Bi-material Beam Model for FRP–RC Hybrid Beams

In this paper we present an improved bi-material beam theory with adhesive interface, which has been applied to the study of the interfacial behavior in a concrete beam reinforced by an externally bonded fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) plate. The work explicitly considers the interfacial slip effect on the structural performance by including the effect of adherend shear deformations. This new method needs only one differential equation to determine both shear and normal interfacial stress whereas the others solutions in the literature need two differential equations. Compared with previously published analytical results, this one improves the accuracy of predicting the interfacial stresses and the solution is in a closed form. This research is helpful in the understanding of the mechanical behavior of the interface and design of FRP–reinforced concrete (RC) hybrid beams.     

Influence of Interfacial Shear Stress on First-Matrix Cracking Stress in Ceramic-Matrix Composites

The first-matrix cracking stress and fiber-matrix interfacial shear stress were measured in zircon-matrix composites uniaxially reinforced with either uncoated or BN-coated silicon carbide filaments to study the role of intentional changes in interfacial shear stress on first-matrix cracking stress. The first-matrix cracking stress was measured by mechanical tests performed in either tension or flexure, and the filament-matrix interfacial shear stress was measured by a fiber pushout test. The first-matrix cracking stress was independent of the measured interfacial shear stress and did not conform to the predictions of a number of energy-based micromechanics models. In contrast, the first-matrix cracking stress showed a good correlation with the first-matrix cracking strain, which is hypothesized to be a more realistic criterion for first-matrix cracking in this class of filament-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites.