宽厚板连铸结晶器摩擦行为在线测试与分析

 结晶器/铸坯摩擦行为是影响并决定铸坯表面质量的重要因素。以宽厚板坯连铸结晶器为对象,在线检测基于液压振动装置的结晶器/铸坯摩擦力,测试和分析浇铸温度、铸坯断面、拉速与结晶器振动方式等主要工艺参数对摩擦力的影响,为考察和调控结晶器/铸坯摩擦行为提供试验基础。相同工艺条件下,摩擦力随浇铸温度的升高而降低,随铸坯断面尺寸的增加而增大。正弦、非正弦振动方式与拉速-振频、振幅振动控制模型的合理匹配,能够显著改善高拉速下的结晶器/铸坯摩擦行为,结晶器振动工艺的开发和优化对于充分发挥液压振动装置设备潜力,稳定高拉速下铸坯表面质量具有积极意义。     

板坯连铸结晶器振动装置的改造

天钢3号连铸机结晶器原为机械振动,其振动不平稳,维修成本高,影响初生坯壳在结晶器内的脱模及润滑,铸坯质量也受到影响。对3号连铸机结晶器振动方式进行了改造,由原设计的四偏心式机械振动装置改为液压振动。改造后,实现了在线调控振动波形、振动振幅及振动频率的目的,铸机拉速提高,铸坯振痕深度和铸坯边裂发生率降低,连铸机生产过程中的振动更加稳定,铸坯质量得到进一步提高,在一定程度上也减少了漏钢事故的发生几率。     

弧形结晶器振动机构的发展

弧形结晶器振动装置是弧形连铸机的核心部件之一,其主要功能是在浇注过程中,保证铸坯与结晶器铜壁间不粘结,并获得良好的铸坯表面质量。要达到这种目的,铸坯振动时只能受轴向的拉、压力,而不产生水平力和弯矩。     

振动不同步对结晶器内铸坯应力影响有限元分析

基于实测连铸结晶器振动曲线数据,分析结晶器两侧振动不同步的运动特性,并利用Ansys软件对结晶器振动过程进行有限元模拟,获得铸坯应力分布。结果表明结晶器在振动过程中发生相对转动,对铸坯产生相对挤压和偏离;铸坯窄面和角部区域受结晶器相对挤压影响,随离弯月面距离增大,其应力增大;在相对挤压时,铸坯底端角部应力受结晶器相对位移和转动影响,随结晶器相对转动角位移增大和相对位移减小,铸坯应力增大。     

连铸中结晶器与铸坯间润滑状况的控制方法

据“特许公报”昭60—21811报道,日本中森幸雄等人最近开发了一种通过改变铸坯拉速和结晶器振动频率,控制结晶器与铸坯间润滑状况的方法。结晶器与铸坯间润滑状况的测定和控制的装置见图1。结晶器振动装置由结晶器传动部分和结晶器振动传递部分构成。靠结晶器振动控制     

四连杆式结晶器非正弦振动装置的研究与应用

结晶器振动装置是连铸设备中的关键设备,其带动结晶器及附属设备沿铸机外弧线做曲线振动。实践证明结晶器振动装置对提高铸坯的拉速、改善铸坯质量有重要的影响。基于某炼钢厂方坯连铸机四连杆式结晶器非正弦振动装置,介绍了其振动规律、振动装置的特点,同时针对该振动装置进行仿真计算,通过分析和计算可以更好地指导工程设计。     

结晶器振动的脱模机理及分析

连续铸钢的结晶器振动,是浇注时使铸坯和结晶器壁脱离(俗谓“脱模”)的一个重要手段。依据铸坯在结晶器内受力状态,其脱模机理有三个方面。 1.减小结晶器内阻力的机理 振动使润滑物质潜到钢液面以下,增大和改善了铸坯润滑面积和条件,减少了结晶器内的摩擦与粘结阻力。国内外试验得出振动的结晶器比不振动的结晶器,阻力最大可降低50％。     

优化结晶器运作参数 提高连铸方坯质量

本文通过分析影响铸坯质量的结晶器运行参数,给出了最佳的结晶器特性值、结晶器冷却水参数及结晶器振动参数,并对影响铸坯质量的铸机维护要点作了说明。     

液压振动下板坯连铸结晶器摩擦力检测实验研究

结晶器和铸坯之间的润滑与摩擦行为是影响连铸坯质量及生产效率的重要因素.基于宝钢板坯连铸试验平台,开展了液压振动下的结晶器摩擦力检测实验研究.通过检测不同振动参数下,冷态和拉坯时振动系统输出力的变化情况,计算出结晶器与铸坯间摩擦阻力.分析了摩擦力的周期变化行为,讨论了拉坯过程中相关参数的变化特征.为探究结晶器与铸坯间摩擦行为、优化与开发连铸工艺等提供实验基础与技术支持.     

改进结晶器内钢水流场提高铸坯质量的研究

围绕结晶器流场变化对铸坯质量的影响,从结晶器流场入手,重点分析了振动、浸入水口、塞棒吹氩、保护渣、结晶器液面波动对结晶器流场的影响,通过采取一系列措施,减少了铸坯在结晶器内形成的缺陷问题,铸坯纵裂纹明显减少,降低了生产成本。     

锻旋铝合金车轮毂表面气泡原因与解决措施

由于毛坯锭存在皮下疏松和锻旋模具润滑剂集结脱落等原因，锻旋铝合金车轮毂产生表面气泡。通过加强铝熔体净化、调整铸造工艺参数、建立清模制度等措施，使锻旋铝合金车轮毅表面气泡得到有效控制。     

Three-dimensional analysis of molten steel flow in slab continuous casting mould with rotated ports in submerged entry nozzle

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to develop a three-dimensional (3D) analysis system capable of analysing the flow field of molten steel in the slab continuous casting mould with rotated ports in the submerged entry nozzle. The ultimate goal is to obtain the optimal design for the entry ports of the submerged nozzle, which can introduce favourable flow patterns to remove non-metallic inclusions and avoid entrapment of molten slag and casting powder to produce steel slab of high cleanliness. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics technique, Sola-Surf, is employed to conduct the 3D fluid flow analysis. The technique has the capability of treating fluid flow problems with a free surface that slightly vibrates. The slightly vibrating free surface presents fairly accurately the behaviour of the molten slag–casting powder layer in the continuous casting mould. The developed simulation system is then tested on a slab continuous casting mould to analyse the fluid flow behaviour of molten steel under various nozzle designs. The design conditions include submerged depth of the nozzle, tilted angle of the nozzle port, and rotated angle of the nozzle port. The results of the simulations show that of the various design factors rotation of the nozzle entry ports has the greatest effect on the flow pattern. It can prolong the residence time of the molten steel and stabilise the molten slag–casting powder layer, which is very favourable for obtaining continuous casting slag of high cleanliness.     

振动激发形核技术在45 t Q345B钢锭浇铸过程的应用

振动激发形核装置由激发形核棒、升降、测温、振动、冷却、减震等系统组成。在45 t Q345B钢扁锭浇铸过程,高度200mm振动激发形核棒置于铸锭中心处,插入钢液深度50~80mm。试验结果表明,(1)在模铸过程使用振动激发形核装置安全可靠;(2)冷却气体达到40 m³/h棒体表面有结壳现象,而当冷却气体液量在20 m³/h,棒体表面很光滑,合适的冷却气体流量为20~40 m³/h,激发形核棒表面和钢液间的温差为55~80 ℃;(3)通过探伤检测,振动处理板Ⅱ级合格,而未经振动处理的常规板有连续性缺陷,判定为不合格。     

Mould Powder Development for Continuous Casting of Steel

Mould powders significantly determine the stability of the continuous casting process of steel at all casting speeds. The main functions of mould powders are to provide strand lubrication and to control the mould heat transfer in the horizontal direction between the steel shell and the copper mould. The composition, properties and operational performance of mould powders were investigated in detail with a focus on high-speed thin slab casting and conventional slab casting. Various advanced characterisation methods were applied, completed with experiments at laboratory scale and full-scale plant trials. It was found that melting of mould powder at the meniscus and crystallisation of the slag film are key processes during continuous casting. Both powder melting and slag crystallisation are primarily based on the composition of the mould powder and the mould slag. Additionally, the operational parameters during continuous casting will affect these processes as well. Results of the work are used for a further and more fundamental understanding of the mould powder functions and to guide mould powder design for various steel grades.     

奥氏体不锈钢板坯连铸结晶器锥度的优化

针对奥氏体不锈钢连铸中的质量问题 ,对太钢三炼钢 1260mm× 160mm板坯结晶器的锥度进行了分析。通过不锈钢铸坯在结晶器内收缩的计算和拉坯速度、过热度等工艺参数对铸坯收缩影响的分析 ,得出采用双锥度结晶器比单锥度结晶器更符合铸坯在结晶器内的收缩规律 :液面附近 80～200mm区域采用较大锥度 ,液面下 200～800mm的结晶器下部 ,采用较小锥度 ,并在此基础上设计了曲线锥度结晶器。生产试验表明 ,双锥度设计显著改善了铸坯质量 ,消除了窄面鼓肚和中间凹陷等缺陷     

连铸保护渣性能研究进展

连铸保护渣性能直接影响钢材表面质量。本文综述了保护渣化学组成、保护渣矿物组成、保护渣熔化性能、保护渣熔渣池深度性能、保护渣熔渣的渗入和均匀性、高拉速连铸保护渣的研制、保护渣熔渣的黏度性能的研究技术成果及应用。     

方坯高效连铸新型结晶器传热分析与应用

提出了方坯高效连铸结晶器有效结构形式,并通过ansys有限元软件,建立高效连铸结晶器与传统结晶器铜管的传热模型,并对其凝固传热以及温度场进行计算对比,重点讨论不同结构形式的结晶器在传热效率及传热均匀性方面的差异,并讨论其对高拉速下坯壳凝固的影响。结果表明,高效结晶器可以使得结晶器的传热效率提高7.8%,并且使得结晶器铜管热面最高温度降低100℃,热面温差降低到5℃以下。作者根据该理论,通过有限元优化设计,设计制造出方坯高效连铸结晶器,并应用于某钢厂155mm方断面的铸机上,稳定生产拉速达到4m/min,最大拉速达到4.46m/min。     

Development of Mould Flux for High Speed Thin Slab Casting

Mould powders impact the stability of the continuous casting process for steel at all casting speeds. The main functions of mould powder are to provide sufficient lubrication and to control the mould heat transfer between the solidifying steel shell and the copper mould. At higher casting speeds associated with thin slab casting, the role of the mould powder is even more important. Actual casting speeds for the thin slab caster at Corus IJmuiden are between 5.4 and 6 m/min; the production level is around 1.3 Mt/year (coils). It has been decided to increase the production of this caster to a level of 1.8 Mt/year (coils). In order to meet this demand, the steel in mould time has to be increased to approximately 85% and the maximum casting speed will be increased to 8 m/min. A collaborative project between Sumitomo Metal Industries (SMI) and Corus IJmuiden was initiated to develop mould powders which facilitate casting speeds up to 8 m/min at the thin slab caster. Main subjects of this project are: mould powder design, characterisation of mould powder and mould slag, trials at the pilot caster of Sumitomo and finally plant trials at the thin slab caster of Corus. A special point of attention is the condition to use mould powder as a granulated material at the thin slab caster. As a consequence, the characterisation work focussed on the choice of raw materials and on the corresponding phase relations at elevated temperatures. Typical of the developed mould powders are so‐called mild cooling properties which will result in a controlled mould heat transfer during casting. In this paper, several aspects of this joint project between Sumitomo and Corus will be described.     

板坯连铸结晶器冷却铜板的温度场分析及结构优化

采用结构分析有限元软件ABAQUS对具有不同冷却系统的两种结晶器在工作过程中的稳态温度场进行了模拟。在所采用的热材料参数和边界条件尽町能符合实际条件下。证明了采用新的设计可获得较理想的温度场分布。其结果对连铸结晶器的设计及优化、提高结晶器寿命和改善板坯质量具有指导作用。