界面粘结对PET／尼龙66共混物结晶行为和力学性能的影响

利用ＳＥＭ、ＤＳＣ等方法，比较了尼龙６和尼龙６６对ＰＥＴ结晶的异相成核作用，研究了界面粘结状况对ＰＥＴ／尼龙６６共混物结晶行为及力学性能的影响。结果表明，尼龙６６对ＰＥＴ结晶的成核能力优于尼龙６。虽然界面粘结听改善不利于ＰＥＴ／尼龙６６共混物的结晶，但是经明显提高了共混物的力学性能。     

PA1010结晶的异相成核作用研究

通过引入成核剂（Ｎｄ２Ｏ３）研究ＰＡ１０１０微晶结构的变化，以及对ＰＡ１０１０结晶行为的影响，也讨论成核剂对结晶－非晶中间相的作用，利用ＷＡＸＤ，ＳＡＸＳ和ＤＳＣ手段，讨论了成核的异相成核作用。结果表明，成核剂明显改变了ＰＡ１０１０的微晶结构。     

PET／HDPE共混物的形态结构及力学性能的研究

利用ＩＲ、ＳＥＭ、ＤＳＣ和力学测试等分析方法，研究了熔融接枝高密度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡ）和界面改性剂（ＩＭ）对ＰＥＴ／ＨＤＰＥ共混物形态结构、界面偶联状况和力学性能的影响。结果在明，ＨＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡ改善了ＰＥＴ与ＨＤＰＥ的相容性，使ＨＤＰＥ较均匀地分散在ＰＥＴ基体中，但并未检测到ＰＥＴ／ＨＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡ界面有化学反应发生。界面改性剂的作用在于，一方面通过提高ＰＥＴ基体的粘度，并接近ＨＤＰＥ相的粘度而使分散相细化；另一方面通过与ＨＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡ和ＰＥＴ的偶联反应而增强了ＰＥＴ／ＨＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡ界面粘结，从而显著地提高了共混物的抗冲击性能。     

紫外线辐照HDPE／PA6共混物界面相互作用的研究

采用ＥＳＣＡ、Ｍｏｌａｕ实验、ＳＥＭ、ＤＳＣ、ＤＭＡ、抽滤分析、ＦＴ－ＩＲ和拉抻应力－应弯曲线，研究了紫外线辐照ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＡ６共混物的界面相互作用机理。结果表明，紫外线辐照下，ＨＤＰＥ分子链上引入Ｃ＝Ｏ、ＣＯＯＨ、－ＯＨ、－ＯＯＨ、－Ｃ－Ｏ－等极性基因；在与ＰＡ６熔融共混过程中， 的Ｃ＝Ｏ、ＣＯＯＨ等基团与ＰＡ６分子我寂的酰胺基或端胺基发生化学反应，生成ＨＤＰＥ－ＰＡ６共聚物。共聚物的形成增强了     

HDPE／PS／HDPE—g—PS合金的相容性和力学性能研究

用自制接枝共聚物ＧＲ－Ｉ、ＧＲ－Ⅱ相容剂研究其对ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＳ共混物相容性和力学性能的影响。通过ＳＥＭ、ＤＭＡ和力学性能测试表征，表明在ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＳ共混中加入这些相容剂其相容性和力学性能有一定提高。     

HDPE／PS／HDPE－g－PS合金的相容性和力学性能研究

用自制接枝共聚物ＧＲ－Ⅰ、ＧＲ－Ⅱ相容剂研究其对ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＳ共混物相容性和力学性能的影响。通过ＳＥＭ、ＤＭＡ、ＤＳＣ和力学性能测试表征，表明在ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＳ共混中加入这些相容剂其相容性和力学性能有一定提高     

PVC／NBR（HNBR）／HDPE共混体系相容性研究（Ⅲ）共混体系动态力学行为和结晶行为研究

用ＤＭＡ和ＤＳＣ研究了ＮＢＲ和氢化ＮＢＲ对ＰＶＣ／ＨＤＰＥ共混体系的增容作用。由于增容剂在相界面与ＰＶＣ和ＨＤＰＥ所产生的作用改变了界面分子的作用形式，使体系中ＰＶＣ和ＨＤＰＥ相的内耗峰内移。而ＤＳＣ的结果表明，增容剂降低了体系中结晶相ＨＤＰＥ的熔点，说明增容剂增加了ＰＶＣ／ＨＤＰＥ的相容性。     

PVC／NBR（HNBR）／HDPE共混体系相容性研究：（Ⅲ）共混体系…

用ＤＭＡ和ＤＳＣ研究了ＮＢＲ和氢化ＮＢＲ对ＰＶＣ／ＨＤＰＥ共混体系的增容作用。由于增容剂在相界面与ＰＶＣ和ＨＤＰＥ所产生的作用改变了界面分子的作用形式，使体系中ＰＶＣ和ＨＤＰＥ相的内耗峰内移。而ＤＳＣ的结果表明，增容剂降低了体系中结晶相ＨＤＰＥ的熔点，说明增容剂增加了ＰＶＣ／ＨＤＰＥ的相容性。     

尼龙1010/HDPE-g-MAH共混体系界面形态及结晶行为的研究

通过Ｍｏｌａｕ实验、密度测定、二甲苯萃取物的ＩＲ分析以及ＤＳＣ、ＳＥＭ等手段，对尼龙１０１０／ＨＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ共混体系的界面形态和结晶行为进行了研究。结果表明，共混体系为热力学不相容体系；在熔融共混过程中，尼龙１０１０和ＨＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ发生化学反应，生成的接枝共聚物起到了共混体系相容剂的作用，分散和界面形态明显改善；共混体系中两相的结晶行为也受到影响，尼龙组分的熔融热焓明显下降。     

丙烯酸固相接枝PP反应以及结晶行为的研究

采用固相接枝方法,将丙烯酸接枝在聚丙烯上（ＰＰ－ｇ－ＡＡ）,讨论了剂用量、接枝反应温度、时间和接枝剂用量对接枝率的影响。同时,ＰＰ－ｇ－ＡＡ后的结晶性研究表明,ＡＡ主要接枝在ＰＰＧ ,在结晶过程起到结晶成核作用。由Ｘ光衍射和ＤＳＣ方法测得结晶度表明,ＰＰ－ｇ－ＡＡ后,ＡＡ有结晶成核作用,结晶度提高。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...