藻类光生物反应器的设计及应用研究

根据藻类的生长特点设计了一个容积为10.0L的光生物反应器,其长×宽×高分别为320mm×80mm×390mm。利用该反应器进行螺旋藻培养实验,采用响应面法对其培养条件进行优化研究,建立以藻体干重为响应值,以光照强度、通气量、培养时间和装液量为自变量的二次多项式数学模型。培养条件优化后螺旋藻最终干重为1.298g/L。实验结果表明,所设计的反应器能很好地满足藻类生长,其培养产率也明显提高。     

模拟微重力效应反应器培养螺旋藻的研究

本实验主要介绍了自制模拟微重力效应反应器(回转器)的工作原理、结构和特征,并用其进行螺旋藻光合自养分批培养,同时与摇瓶和发酵罐式光生物反应器对比。研究结果表明：在接种量为10%、光照强度为4000lx、温度为25℃的条件下培养9d,模拟微重力效应反应器效果最好,细胞干重为0.91g/L,是螺旋藻大规模培养的2.41 倍,并且螺旋藻具有较好的细胞形态。     

采用不同装置培养螺旋藻的对比研究

该试验在光合自养和混合营养两种条件下,分别采用250 mL摇瓶、5.0 L全自动发酵罐和10.0 L自制光生物反应器培养螺旋藻,以藻体生物量为试验指标,比较细胞在3种装置中的生长情况。结果可知,10.0 L光生物反应器培养效果最好,在光合自养条件下藻体生物量最大为1.277 g/L,比摇瓶和全自动发酵罐培养时分别提高78.6%和61.8%,混合营养条件下最大值为1.715 g/L,比其他两种装置分别提高了6.3%和6.1%。表明自制的光生物反应器能很好地满足螺旋藻细胞生长,且结构简单,操作简便。     

螺旋藻培养条件响应面法优化的研究

本研究设计了用于螺旋藻培养的新型气升式光生物反应器,并用响应曲面法对其培养条件进行优化。试验选取影响螺旋藻生长的四个关键因素即光照强度、通气量、培养时间和接种量,并对其最佳水平范围进行研究,建立了以藻体干重为响应值的二次多项式方程。试验结果表明,四个因素对藻体生长的影响大小依次为光照强度、培养时间、装液量、通气量;对方程解逆矩阵可知,当光照强度、通气量、培养时间和接种量分别达最佳水平4400lx、212.2L/h、8.8d和7.2L时,DW最大值为1.277g/L。     

利用膜光生物反应器培养和预采收钝顶螺旋藻的条件

为降低钝顶螺旋藻培养和采收成本,利用膜光生物反应器(MPBR)进行钝顶螺旋藻培养和预采收的条件研究实验。实验结果表明:当生物量达到1.8 g/L时可进行微藻采收;初始藻液质量浓度为1.828 g/L时,MPBR中最大体积浓缩系数为2,最佳稀释率为0.08 d-1,藻产品质量浓度可达3.319 g/L;获得1 g微藻生物量,MPBR中可节约水、氮、磷的量分别为0.301 L、0.248 g、0.053 g。与传统光生物反应器(PBR)相比,MPBR能够降低微藻培养和采收的成本。     

高效培养螺旋藻封闭式光生物反应器系统的结构单元分析

本文根据螺旋藻工业生产特点和现状及国内外研究动态分析表明，螺旋藻等藻类生物高新技术的产业发展潜力，在很大程度上主要取决于封密式光生物反应器技术的发展。目前，封密式新型光生物反应器的研制已成为螺旋藻大规模培养及基因工程藻类生物工程技术的主要发展趋势及国外研究热点，而在我国，此项研究则刚刚起步。本文通过分析国外研制的光生物反应器系统的结构单元，阐述在这一研究领域的设计思路，主要问题及发展方向。     

在光生物反应器培养螺旋藻中pH值的调控作用分析

在光辐射板式光生物反应器中 ,为实现螺旋藻单藻种群优势生长 ,分析研究了螺旋藻在光生物反应器培养过程中 ,pH值的调控作用。研究结果表明 ,溶液的 pH值不仅显著影响培养基中无机碳源营养基质的离解程度 ,螺旋藻的光合放氧特性 ,而且是控制螺旋藻优势单种培养的必要条件和关键因素 ,当溶液的 pH值控制在 9 0～ 9 5时 ,即使螺旋藻处于低温或营养限制性生长时 ,仍能实现优势单藻种生长     

螺旋藻混合营养培养基响应面法的优化研究

本实验利用自制的光生物反应器进行螺旋藻混合营养培养,分别采用单因子试验和因子分析设计对添加的混合营养成分进行筛选。结果表明,影响螺旋藻生长的主要因子是葡萄糖、硝酸铵和VB1。利用响应面法(RSM)对上述三个显著因子的最佳水平范围进行研究,并建立以藻体干重(DW)为响应值,以葡萄糖、硝酸铵和VB1为自变量的二次多项式数学模型。最后对光照强度和营养成分的不同补加周期进行优化研究,最终藻体干重为1.822g/L。     

无机碳源和有机碳源的相对含量和相互作用对螺旋藻混合营养生长的影响

在螺旋藻的混合营养生长中，若HCO3－浓度低（如0．05mol／L），螺旋藻优先同化葡萄糖时产生的一些有机副产物对其生长会产生抑制作用；而HCO3－浓度高时（如0．2mol／L），该抑制作用会减轻。自养生长条件下，在非开放的光生物反应器中，只要藻种未被污染，可采用0．05mol／LHCO3－培养螺旋藻而不会影响其生长。     

螺旋藻工业生产中的高新技术

<正> 螺旋藻是一种含有丰富优质蛋白质、均衡的氨基酸、多种维生素、多糖和微量元素的理想食品。我国现有的大规模开放池生产方式的光合效率和产率都较低,培养条件不易控制。本文主要介绍国际上关于螺旋藻工业化生产的高新技术,包括:培养参数的计算机自动控制、新型高光效的光反应器的研制与应用、优良新藻种的选育等,将有助于提高我国螺旋藻生产的质量和产量。 螺旋藻工业生产的现状 目前,螺旋藻的大规模工业化生产通常采用开放式跑道型浅水道设计,水道深约20～30厘米,用水泥或粘土为底,或用塑料膜衬里和覆盖。以自然光为光源和热     

Long-term outdoor cultivation by perfusing spent medium for biodiesel production from Chlorella minutissima

A unique perfusion process was developed to maintain high concentrations of marine alga, Chlorella minutissima. This method is based on recycling cells by continuous feeding with warm spent sea water from nuclear power plants, which has very similar properties as sea water. A temperature of at least 30 °C in a 200 L photo-bioreactor was maintained in this system by perfusion of the thermal plume for 80 days in the coldest season. The maximum cell concentration and total lipid content was 8.3 g-dry wt./L and 23.2 %, w/w, respectively, under mixotrophic conditions. Lipid production was found to be due to a partially or non-growth related process, which implies that large amounts of biomass are needed for a high accumulation of lipids within the cells. At perfusion rates greater than 1.5 L/h, the temperature of the medium inside the reactor was around 30 °C, which was optimal for cell growth. For this system, a perfusion rate of 2.8 L/h was determined to be optimal for maintaining rapid cell growth and lipid production during outdoor cultivation. It was absolutely necessary to maintain the appropriate perfusion rate so that the medium temperature was optimal for cell growth. In addition, the lipids produced using this process were shown to be feasible for biodiesel production since the lipid composition of C. minutissima grown under these conditions consisted of 17 % (w/w) of C₁₆ and 47% (w/w) of C₁₈. The combined results of this study clearly demonstrated that the discharged energy of the thermal plume could be reused to cultivate marine alga by maintaining a relatively constant temperature in an outdoor photo-bioreactor without the need for supplying any extra energy, which could allow for cheap production of biodiesel from waste energy.     

Development of a bioreactor suitable for embryogenic rice callus culture

Embryogenic rice calli induced from mature rice (Oryza sativa L., Sasanishiki) were cultured in a jarfermentor with disk turbine impellers, an air-lift reactor, and a turbine-blade reactor (TBR(R)), and the effects of agitation were investigated. In all cases, the growth inhibition was observed, though a slightly improved regeneration frequency was obtained in the TBR. To overcome the growth inhibition, small cubes of polyurethane foam were used as immobilization supports in the TBR culture. Supports accumulated around the cylindrical stainless-steel mesh in the reactor and rice calli were observed growing in them. Polyurethane foam with an average pore size of 1.3 mm gave the maximum ratio of immobilized cells during 1-week culture. When 5- or 10-mm cubes were used, supports were observed floating on the medium surface, but 3-mm cube supports accumulated uniformly around the stainless-steel mesh and were found to be suitable for the immobilized culture of rice calli. Three-millimeter cube supports corresponding to 5% by volume were added to 600 ml medium in the TBR and the effects of the agitation speed on the cell growth and regeneration frequency were investigated. At all the agitation speeds examined, no significant decrease in either the cell growth or the regeneration frequency occurred. From these results, it was concluded that the TBR is a suitable reactor for the propagation of embryogenic rice calli and that immobilization supports with 1.3 mm of average pore size are effective in preventing hydrodynamic stress as well as in supplying nutrients to the immobilized calli.     

10L容积光生物反应器批次培养盐藻的初步研究

设计和制作了容积为 1 0L的螺旋管式光生物反应器 ,螺旋管光照单元为 1 6个 ,光照比表面积增大为 95m- 1,反应器外观设计为 3层框架式结构 ,缩小了占地面积。用此光生物反应器进行了盐藻的批次培养试验 ,确定批次培养的最佳接种量为OD6 30 =0 1 5 ,最佳藻液循环流量为 63 0mL/h ,并对此光生物反应器批次培养的生长情况和 β 胡萝卜素产量进行了数学曲线拟合 ,生物量近似为一次曲线CX =0 0 91 9+0 0 3 64t;β 胡萝卜素产量近似为二次曲线CX =0 3 848t2 -1 1 693t+1 73 3 8。     

Continuous cultivation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dunaliella salina</Emphasis> in photobioreactor for the production of β-carotene

A helix tube photobioreactor with a volume of 10 L was designed and manufactured. The facade of the reactor was designed as three-layer frame. The illumination helixes units were 16, illumination area volume was 1.5 L, illuminate specific area was 95 m⁻¹. A marine micro-alga Dunaliella salina was used as a model organism in this study. Results showed that the optimum inoculum concentration was OD₆₃₀ = 0.15 and the optimum circulation rate of culture fluid was 630 mL/h for the bioreactor. In continuous cultivation, in order to determine the optimum collection of alga solution for the highest yield of β-carotene, three different alga solution collection and addition fresh culture medium volumes were applied: 0.8, 1.5, 2.0 L/day. The biomass and extraction of β-carotene were determined in different cultivation periods. The result suggested that the optimum daily harvest of alga solution was 1.5 L/day for the cultivation of D. salina to obtain the highest production of β-carotene.     

啤酒废水厌氧处理系统的改造

对EGSB系统进行问题分析，并实施改进措施。运行结果表明，可有效提高厌氧系统的处理能力和运行稳定性，出水COD下降至180-320mg／L，去除率稳定在90％以上；采用25g／L左右的厌氧颗粒污泥接种反应器，可在短时间内完成EGSB反应器的再次启动；控制反应器内pH值稳定在6．8～7．2之间，可增加EGSB反应器的运行能力，提高稳定性。     

EFFECTS OF HETEROTROPHIC AND AUTOTROPHIC GROWTH CONDITIONS ON THE COMPOSITION OF Chlorella sorokiniana

SUMMARY –The effects of heterotrophic and autotrophic growth conditions on the composition of Chlorella are discussed in relation to the potential food value of algae. Cells from the two culture modes differ appreciably in proximate analysis and elemental composition; however, fiber content and vitamin andamino acid composition are essentially unchanged. On this basis it appears that heterotrophic algae, which are less expensive to produce, can be used to examine the acute toxicity problem with bacteria-free cells. In addition, heterotrophic algae may also be used to predict results that would be obtained with autotrophic material in studies of processing techniques designed to improve protein quality and digestibility.