电磁场对AZ91镁合金凝固态组织的影响

利用XRD和OM分析等手段研究了高频电磁场对AZ91合金凝固态组织的影响。结果表明：无磁场作用时,晶粒尺寸约为180μm,其组织的固相颗粒为树枝状。在磁场作用下AZ91的晶粒有所细化,晶粒尺寸约为120μm,晶粒变得圆整。用石英管作为加热容器会使石英管中的硅与镁反应生成Mg2Si。离石英管壁越近,合金中的Mg2Si越多。     

静磁场处理对7055铝合金的显微组织和性能的影响

本文研究了不同静磁场强度对7055铝合金显微组织和力学性能的影响，其中，位错特征、相变、织构、拉伸性能、断口形貌和残余应力都用先进检测技术进行了分析。结果表明：试样中的位错密度随着磁感应强度B的增加而呈上升趋势，位错由原来的低能胞状向网络状转变；此外，磁场也促进了晶粒的细化和η (MgZn2) 向η" 的转变，这有益于材料综合性能的提高。当B = 3 T时，磁场弱化了晶粒择优取向且重新调整了晶粒结构，此时，材料获得最优性能，延伸率，残余应力，抗拉强度分别为10.5%，38 MPa,，555MPa。断口形貌也通过扫描电镜进行了分析，其特征与材料塑性增强一致。     

外加磁场对钴基堆焊合金耐磨性能的影响

对低碳钢表面进行钴基等离子弧堆焊时外加纵向磁场,发现当磁场强度和焊接工艺参数相匹配时,焊缝组织才能获得最佳的细化效果,并着重分析了磁场强度和焊接电流对钴基合金堆焊层硬度和耐磨性的影响.结果表明,引入适当的外加磁场不仅可以细化堆焊层金属组织的晶粒,而且能够改善堆焊层金属的硬度和耐磨性,从而提高堆焊层金属的综合力学性能.     

磁场参数对镁合金焊接接头力学性能的影响

在对5 mm厚的AZ31镁合金板进行TIG焊过程中,施加纵向交流变频磁场.试验过程中调节磁场参数对试样进行抗拉和硬度试验,采用扫描电子显微镜及光学金相显微镜对试样的焊缝进行显微组织和断口分析,研究磁场参数对AZ31镁合金接头组织和力学性能的影响规律,并对磁场作用机理进行研究.结果表明,外加纵向磁场可以促使电弧旋转对熔池进行搅拌,改变晶粒结晶过程,使焊缝中晶粒组织得到细化,进而使焊接接头的抗拉强度和硬度等性能得到改善;当磁场电流为2 A,频率为20 Hz时,焊缝的力学性能达到最佳值,此时硬度为76.2 HV,抗拉强度为231 MPa.     

磁场形态对等离子弧堆焊层组织性能的影响

在低碳钢表面进行Fe5自熔合金等离子弧堆焊时外加纵向磁场,并改变磁场形态,对不同磁场参数下堆焊试样进行硬度和磨损试验.采用显微电镜和扫描电镜对堆焊层显微组织进行分析,研究磁场形态和参数对堆焊层组织性能的影响规律和作用机理.结果表明,交、直流纵向磁场均可以改善堆焊层的组织性能,由于交流纵向磁场中频率可调,增加了磁场的可控性,对堆焊层组织性能的作用效果比直流纵向磁场更明显.在焊接电流为160A,磁场电流为3A,磁场频率为10Hz时,堆焊层金属性能达到最佳值,此时硬度为68HRC,磨损量为0.0318g.     

磁场电流对镁合金焊接接头疲劳性能的影响

对5 mm厚的AZ31镁合金板进行GTAW焊过程中,施加纵向交流磁场,在施焊过程中调节磁场参数对试样进行疲劳试验.采用扫描电子显微镜及光学金相显微镜对疲劳试样的断口和显微组织进行分析,研究磁场电流对AZ31镁合金接头组织和力学性能的影响规律,并对磁场作用机理进行探究.结果表明,外加纵向磁场可以促使电弧旋转对熔池进行搅拌...     

纵向直流磁场对AZ31镁合金TIG焊焊接接头组织及性能的影响

为了改善镁合金焊接性差的特点,在对AZ31镁合金进行TIG焊接过程中加入纵向直流磁场,系统分析了不同励磁电流对焊接接头各部分的影响规律.结果发现,与不加磁场的情况相比,引入磁场后接头组织发生明显变化,焊缝组织得到细化,析出第二相的数量明显增多,并且大部分以球状颗粒的形式析出于枝晶界上;热影响区组织粗大的现象得到了很好的控制;从焊缝经熔合区向热影响区过渡时出现的共晶相数量有逐渐减少的趋势.通过X射线衍射结果可知,焊缝主要由α-Mg和β-Al12Mg17两相组成.在适当的焊接工艺参数条件下,当磁场电流为 4 A 时,焊接接头的抗拉强度和硬度均显著提高,从而提高了AZ31镁合金焊接接头的综合力学性能.     

Effect of fabrication process on microstructure of high Nb containing TiAl alloy

Ti–45Al–8.5Nb–(W,B) (at.%) alloys were fabricated by ingot metallurgy (IM) and elemental powder metallurgy (EPM) processes, respectively. The effect of fabrication process on microstructure of high Nb containing TiAl alloy was investigated. The results showed that IM alloy has near lamellar (NL) microstructure composed of coarse lamellar colonies with a lamellar spacing of about 700 nm and equiaxed γ phase existing at the boundaries of lamellar colonies. While EPM alloy has fully lamellar (FL) microstructure with a lamellar spacing of about 180 nm. A small amount of β phase exists either at the boundaries of the lamellar colonies or in the lamellar colonies in platelet or blocky morphology in IM alloy. However, the micro-segregation does not exist in EPM microstructure. Borides appear in both the microstructures, but their sizes are smaller in EPM microstructure. HIP treatment can significantly eliminate pores and decrease the β phase in IM alloy. It is regretful that HIP treatment can only decrease porosity to some extent, but cannot completely eliminate pores in EPM alloy.     

磁场对AZ80镁合金凝固组织的影响

研究了在直流磁场及频率为10 Hz、30 Hz交流磁场作用下AZ80镁合金凝固组织、合金元素在晶内含量及合金硬度的变化。结果表明,AZ80镁合金经交流磁场处理后,晶粒明显细化,晶界变窄,夹杂物的尺寸显著减小;经直流磁场处理后,晶粒大小没有明显变化,但晶界变窄,夹杂物的尺寸减小。无论经交流磁场还是直流磁场处理后,Al和Zn在晶粒内部的含量均比未经磁场处理有了明显增加。此外,经磁场处理后,合金硬度有一定程度的提高。初步阐明了这些现象产生的原因。     

非磁性合金激光焊旋转磁场搅拌机理

详细地研究了激光焊非磁性材料时,熔池液态金属的电磁搅拌机理;探讨了旋转磁场对激光焊接Al-12Si合金显微组织的影响.结果表明,尽管激光束既无磁性又非导体,Al-12Si合金为非磁性材料,但旋转磁场能改变液态Al-12Si合金的运动状态,产生磁搅拌作用,细化晶粒、消除焊接缺陷.对于激光焊,旋转磁场切割焊接熔池中的液态金属,液态金属中产生感生电流,带电的液态金属受到电磁力的作用使熔池中液态金属产生旋转运动.磁场的旋转速率越高,液态金属受到的电磁搅拌作用力越强.     

Morphology and distribution of Al3Fe phase in hypereutectic Al-Fe alloy solidified under magnetic field

In this study,the (low) DC and AC magnetic fields and the high magnetic field were applied separately during the solidification process of Al-2.89％Fe alloy.The influences of these magnetic fields on the morphology and distribution of Al3Fe phase in Al-2.89％Fe alloy were investigated.The microstructure and macrostructure of the samples were observed using an optical microscope.The results show that the majority of the primary Al3Fe phase particles in the hypereutectic Al-2.89％Fe alloy is gathered at the bottom of the sample under DC and AC magnetic fields or without magnetic field.The primary Al3Fe phase becomes coarse when the alloy solidifies under DC magnetic field,while it are refined and accumulated towards the center of the sample under the AC magnetic field.When the high magnetic field of 12 T is applied,the primary Al3Fe phase distributes throughout the sample homogeneously because the magnetic force acting on the primary Al3Fe phase balances with the gravity force; and the long axis of the Al3Fe phase aligns perpendicularly to the magnetic field direction.Also,the mechanism of the effect of magnetic fields is discussed.     

磁场下镁合金A-TIG接头成形性及显微组织分析

在对5 mm厚的AZ31B镁合金板材进行A-TIG焊焊接过程中引入外加纵向磁场,试验所用的活性剂是以氧化物为基的活性剂,试验中改变磁场参数,对焊接接头的成形性、组织及性能进行试验和检测,研究磁场参数对镁合金A-TIG焊过程的影响规律.结果表明,活性剂及磁场共同作用可以改善焊接接头的成形性和组织形态,在磁场频率为10 Hz,磁场电流为2 A时,焊接接头的成形系数和性能得到了最佳值,此时成形系数为2.304,硬度为980.98 MPa;外加磁场通过电磁搅拌作用与活性剂相结合,改变了熔池的流行形态,使金属液由四周向中心流动并伴有搅拌,进而使焊缝熔深增大的同时细化组织,改善接头力学性能.     

脉冲磁场处理对7075铝合金性能及组织的影响

采用脉冲磁场对7075铝合金进行了磁处理,并使用室温拉伸、SEM、TEM和XRD等测试手段对比研究了7075铝合金脉冲磁场处理前后的力学性能及显微组织。研究发现,峰值强度为2 T和3 T的脉冲磁场会增大合金的微观应变,促进晶粒择优取向由(200)晶面转变为(111)晶面,但脉冲磁场对合金的拉伸性能无明显影响;峰值强度为1 T的脉冲磁场能够显著促进合金内部小尺寸第二相的回溶,减弱晶界沉淀相的连续性,增加晶界无沉淀析出带的宽度,可在不降低7075铝合金材料强度的情况下提高该材料的塑性。     

Effect of high magnetic field on solidification microstructure evolution of a Cu-Fe immiscible alloy

The liquid phase separation behavior and the evolution of the solidification microstructure of a binary Cu₅₀Fe₅₀ alloy were investigated under the conditions of without and with a 10 T magnetic field, with different undercooling during the solidification process. Results show that the combined effect of Stokes motion and Marangoni convection leads to the formation of the core-shell structure under the condition without the magnetic field. In addition, specific gravity segregation is reinforced by increasing the undercooling, resulting in Fe-rich phase drifts towards the sample edge. In the 10 T magnetic field, the Fe-rich phase is elongated in the parallel direction of the magnetic field under the action of demagnetization energy due to the difference of static magnetic energy and surface energy. In the vertical direction, through the action of Lorentz force, the convection in the melt is inhibited and Fe-rich phase becomes more dispersed. Meanwhile, the diffusion of the two phases and the coagulation of the Fe-rich phases are also restrained under the magnetic field, therefore, the phase volume fraction of the Fe-rich phase decreases at the same undercooling in the 10 T magnetic field. The magnetic field inhibits the segregation behavior in the vertical direction of the magnetic field, and at the same time, improves the gravitational segregation to a certain extent, which has a very important impact on microstructure regulation.

     

脉冲强磁场拉伸时TC4钛合金的塑变能力和微观组织

在磁感应强度(B)1、3和5 T条件下对TC4钛合金进行拉伸实验处理,研究了B值对合金延伸率、相特征、晶体结构和位错密度等的影响。结果表明:拉伸过程脉冲强磁场的施加提高了钛合金的延伸率,当B=3 T时,合金的延伸率达到最大值12.41%,较未施加磁场试样增长了23.98%,且B=3 T为延伸率从上升到下降的转折点。磁场处理促使了β相向α相的转变,并促进了晶面向着易滑移方向产生了择优取向。位错密度随B值变化呈现先增后减的趋势,在3 T时达到最大值。分析认为位错密度的变化首先是因为磁场下位错应变能增加,其次是磁场促进了自由基对从S态向T态的转变,并从量子尺度分析了最优B值为3 T的理论依据。     

外加纵向磁场对堆焊层金属性能的影响

对低碳钢表面进行等离子弧堆焊时外加纵向磁场,得出了磁场强度对堆焊层金属的硬度和耐磨性的影响规律;电磁搅拌能够细化堆焊层金属的组织,控制硬质相的形态及分布,从而可提高堆焊层金属的综合力学性能.     

Improving austenitic stainless steel resistance spot weld quality using external magnetic field

A ring-shaped permanent magnet is applied in resistance spot welding to improve the weld quality of austenitic stainless steel. Under the action of an external magnetic field, the profile of the weld nugget became peanut-shaped instead of ellipsoidal. The crystal orientation near the faying surface was less directional, and equiaxed grains were formed in weld nugget centre. Moreover, the shrinkage cavities tendency in traditional resistance spot welds was reduced. The relatively slow cooling speed could cause element segregation and thus change solidification mode and significantly affect weld microstructures. The mechanical performance of the welds was finally improved by the applied external magnetic field in terms of microhardness and lap-shear strength.     

Influence of magnetic field on microstructure and properties of Ni60 plasma surfacing layer

0IntroductionWear is a main failure mode for many engineeringcomponents.Many surface treating technologies have beendeveloped in order to enhance wear resistance of materi-als[1].Plasma surfacing technology is of the greatest appli-cation potential due to…     

横向交流脉冲磁场对堆焊金属组织及性能的影响

通过在低碳钢表面进行等离子弧堆焊时外加交流脉冲横向磁场,研究了交流脉冲磁场对镍基自熔合金组织及性能的影响,并利用光学金相、X射线衍射、显微硬度和湿砂橡胶轮磨损试验等方法,系统分析了不同脉冲磁场电流、占空比作用下的堆焊试样的硬度、耐磨性及组织.结果表明,外加横向交流脉冲磁场可以有效改善堆焊层金属的结晶形态,细化晶粒,在适当的脉冲磁场电流、占空比作用下,可以获得最佳的电磁搅拌效果,增加堆焊层金属中硬质相的数量,控制硬质相的生长方向,提高等离子弧堆焊层的硬度和耐磨性.     

磁场频率对Fe5自熔合金性能的影响

在低碳钢表面进行Fe5合金等离子弧堆焊时外加纵向磁场,对堆焊试样进行磨损和硬度试验,采用显微电镜和扫描电镜对堆焊层显微组织进行分析,研究磁场频率对堆焊层金属的硬度和耐磨性的影响规律.结果表明,外加纵向磁场通过电磁搅拌作用细化堆焊层金属的组织,并控制硬质相的形态及分布;堆焊层的硬度和耐磨性随磁场的频率变化而变化并存在最佳值,在适当的磁场频率作用下电磁搅拌达到最佳效果从而提高堆焊层金属的综合力学性能.