纯钼粉末烧结体材料单轴压缩成形的流变应力和致密影响因素

基于单轴压缩试验,研究了不同因素对99.95％钼粉末烧结体材料成形致密的影响规律.结果表明:初始相对密度、温度和应变速率等因素对纯钼粉末烧结材料成形致密的影响很大,其塑性流动应力随应变率的增加而增加,随温度的升高而减小,但高温条件下材料对应变率影响不大;初始相对密度越大,材料屈服强度越低,出现破裂的时间越早.显微观察结果表明,提高变形温度,降低应变率,有利于晶粒细化,提高材料塑性能力.     

纯钼板坯高温塑性变形行为及本构方程

采用Gleeble?1500热模拟机,在变形温度为1 100～1 350℃、变形速率为0.01～5 s?1、变形量为60%的实验条件下,对纯钼板坯的高温塑性变形行为进行研究。结果表明:流变应力随变形温度的升高而减小,随应变速率的增大而增大;不同变形温度下流变应力之间的差值随着应变速率的增加逐渐减小;同一应变速率下,峰值应力随变形温度的升高向应变小的方向推移。采用包含Zene-Hollomon参数的双曲正弦模型,建立了纯钼板高温塑性流变应力与变形温度和应变速率之间的本构方程。依据本构方程计算出的纯钼板坯流变应力理论值与实际值的平均相对误差仅为3.68%,表明该本构方程可为纯钼热成形加工工艺的制定提供理论依据。     

可压缩粉末烧结材料塑性变形与屈服条件

本文分析了粉末烧结材料塑性变形的基本规律 ,指出了现有粉末烧结材料屈服条件与实际情况不相符的问题。通过烧结铜圆柱体试样单向压缩实验 ,确定了粉末烧结材料真实应力应变关系 ,建立了普适的粉末烧结材料屈服条件和塑性本构关系。本文的屈服条件不仅用统一的函数形式表示了粉末烧结材料初始屈服和后继屈服 ,而且综合反映了粉末烧结材料原始状况和变形致密强化对屈服的影响     

热压烧结钛合金复合材料的热机械加工行为研究

采用低能球磨和热压烧结工艺制备了Ti B_w/Ti60复合材料,在Gleeble 3500热模拟试验机上进行了热机械加工变形试验,绘制了流变应力-应变曲线,建立了压缩本构方程,表征了不同压缩变形工艺参数的复合材料的显微组织。结果表明,Ti B_w/Ti60复合材料相变点为1 050~1 075℃;在压缩变形温度为950、1 000、1 050和1 100℃时,Ti B_w/Ti60复合材料的高温压缩应力-应变曲线中均无流变失稳现象,随着压缩变形温度的升高和应变速率的减小,稳态流变应力和峰值流变应力不断降低。     

Mo-14Re钼铼合金高温压缩跨尺度本构模型建立

为研究Mo-14Re钼铼合金高温流变行为及其跨尺度表征,本研究采用Gleeble热模拟试验机对钼铼合金棒材进行了高温压缩试验,选取的温度为1400℃、1500℃、1600℃,应变速率为0.01 /s、0.1 /s、1 /s、10 /s。研究表明,高温和低应变率变形时,应变率敏感因子逐渐增大,材料塑性流动性能也就越好,且变形过程中应力硬化和软化两种现象同时存在。在此基础上,建立了跨尺度本构模型,流变应力表征考虑了与不动位错的阻力、热激活、晶界效应的微观剪切应力,微观组织演变考虑了晶粒尺寸、位错密度、动态再结晶率以及裂纹体积分数等微观组织演变。随后基于遗传算法确定了模型中的材料参数,屈服应力、晶粒尺寸和流变应力的模型计算值与试验结果吻合情况良好,可知该模型可以描述Mo-14Re钼铼合金在高温变形时流变行为及其微观组织演变。     

基于改进摩擦修正模型的TA2纯钛热变形行为研究

在Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机上对TA2纯钛进行变形温度为800℃～950℃、应变速率为0.001～1s^-1,压下量为50%条件下的热压缩变形试验。采用一种考虑应变的改进摩擦修正模型对原始试验数据进行摩擦修正,在对TA2纯钛高温流变曲线进行分析的基础上,研究其高温变形行为,构建TA2纯钛热变形本构方程。结果表明,在低应变条件下TA2纯钛流变应力迅速增加,达到峰值应力后流变曲线趋于稳态变化;流变应力随变形温度的降低和应变速率的增大而增加;可采用包含Z参数在内的双曲正弦形式的本构方程来描述TA2纯钛高温热变形行为,材料热变形激活能为480.944kJ/mol;流变应力的模型预测值与试验值之间相关性较高,相关系数R为0.964,表明本文基于改进摩擦修正模型所建立的本构方程具有较高的精度。     

2507超级双相不锈钢的流变应力本构关系及热加工图

采用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机研究了热变形温度为950~1200 ℃、应变速率为 0.01~10 s^-1条件下2507超级双相不锈钢的热压缩变形行为,并借助光学显微镜观察了不同变形过程中的微观组织演化。基于试验数据分析,建立2507超级双相不锈钢的流变应力本构关系及热加工图。结果表明:流变应力随着变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而逐渐降低,在高应变速率下,流变曲线出现“类屈服平台”。试验钢的热变形激活能为414.57 kJ·mol^-1,应力指数为4.18,峰值应力本构方程为ε·=3.69×10¹⁵[sinh(0.0101σ)]^4.18exp-414.57RT,根据微观组织分析及热加工图确定出试验钢的最佳热加工区域为热压缩温度1060~1120 ℃,应变速率0.01~0.1 s^-1。     

基于热加工图的钼金属热变形特征研究

通过热压缩试验研究钼金属在应变速率为0.01～10 s-1,变形温度为900～1450 ℃条件下的热变形性能,建立了基于流变应力的钼金属热变形的本构方程.综合考虑应变速率和变形温度对材料微观结构及性能的影响,根据动态材料模型(DMM)建立了钼金属的热加工图,并利用加工图确定了热变形时的流变失稳区,分析了不同区域钼金属的高温变形特征.     

高应变率下TC4-DT钛合金的动态力学性能及塑性本构关系

为研究TC4-DT钛合金的动态力学性能及其本构关系,在1000~8000 s-1应变率范围内,利用分离式Hopkinson压杆试验装置对该材料进行动态压缩试验,得到高应变率下的真实应力-应变曲线。结果表明:高应变率时TC4-DT钛合金材料存在应变率增强、增塑以及应变强化效应,其流变应力表现出较强的应变率敏感性。通过微观组织观察,发现高应变率变形时出现绝热剪切带是材料流变应力急剧减小的主要原因。改进Johnson-Cook本构模型中的温度项,利用试验数据对TC4-DT钛合金在高应变率下的动态塑性本构关系进行拟合,得到室温下该材料的动态塑性本构方程,模型计算结果和试验结果证明该模型可以更好地预测TC4-DT钛合金高应变率下的塑性流变应力。     

烧结材料塑性变形与致密

用实验确定了烧结材料的等效屈服强度,并以此为基础建立了烧结材料的后继屈服条件。用烧结铜进行了单向压缩、平面变形和闭式镦粗试验,分析了预制坯变形抗力与致密的关系。提出了烧结材料塑性加工中预制坯的密度设计原则,并指出剪切塑性变形有利于致密。     

Plastic deformation and yield criterion for compressible sintered powder materials

This paper analyses the basic aspects of plastic deformation behaviours of compressible sintered powder materials, such as plastic volume change, mass constancy, small Poisson's ratio and the effect of hydrostatic pressure on yield. Based on the uniaxial compression tests using sintered powder copper as a model material, the true stress–strain equation, a generalized yield criterion and some plastic constitutive equations for compressible sintered powder materials are proposed. The proposed generalized yield criterion can depict both the initial yield and successive yield of compressible sintered powder materials in the form of unified yield function, and reflect comprehensively the effects of initial density and deformation strengthening on yield of compressible sintered powder materials as well. Experiments show that the generalized yield criterion can be applied to materials with various densities from loose powder to fully dense metal.     

Numerical modeling and simulation of metal powder compaction of balancer

1 Introduction “Cold” compaction, which is operated at room temperature, is currently the most generally used compacting method in powder metallurgy industry. Under this circumstance, metal powder is often considered a kind of time-independent, elasto-…     

泡沫铝合金动态弹塑性本构关系的研究(英文)

提出一个多参数的非线性弹塑性唯象本构模型,该模型能够全面地描述泡沫铝合金的典型三阶段变形特征,即线弹性阶段、应力平台阶段和密实化阶段。考虑到密度(相对密度)是泡沫铝这类多孔材料性能表征的最重要参数,在对泡沫铝合金进行各种应变率下的单向压缩实验基础上,确定模型中的参数与相对密度的函数表达式,从而,该模型能系统地描述相对密度、应变率效应对其动态力学行为的影响。模型预测结果和实验结果的对比验证了该模型的可靠性。研究结果可为吸能缓冲及防护结构的优化设计提供技术参考。     

钼粉末多孔体烧结材料的制备及镦粗致密实验研究

运用粉末冶金成形技术对高纯钼粉材料进行制备、烧结,对钼粉未烧结体进行镦粗成形,研究了在不同初始条件(相对密度、高径比、摩擦条件)下钼粉末烧结体成形致密规律和变形特性,为钼传统的制备技术的改良、预成形坯和模具的优化设计提供大量实验数据.     

Coupled mechanical and thermal simulation of warm compaction

1 Introduction Powder metallurgy is an advanced manufactural technology widely used for volume-producing mechanical parts with high performance and high precision[1?3]. Warm compaction is a low cost and effective technique to produce green compact with de…     

Numerical simulation of warm compacted synchronous pulley

A new mechanical model for warm powder compaction was presented. Warm compaction process of iron-based powder was investigated to deal with the existence of elastic, plastic and thermal strains. A coupled mechanical and thermal model was developed based on ellipsoidal yield criterion and continuum theory. The constitutive equations were integrated into the constitutive integral arithmetic and solved employing incremental iterative solution strategy. The flow stress model of iron powder was nonlinearly fitted according to uniaxial warm compaction. The constitutive model was implemented into user-subroutines of MSC.Marc. With the equations, algorithms and programs developed, the compaction procedures of a complex synchronous pulley were simulated. Two different compaction schemes with different punch displacements were tested and the relative density distribution was obtained. Comparison with experimental data shows that the homogeneity of green compact is greatly affected by the compaction mode. The simulation results agree with the experiments very well.     

Densification modelling for nanocrystalline metallic powders

A model for densification of metallic powders is proposed. It involves viscoplastic constitutive equations based on dislocation density evolution and also accounts for effects of porosity using a pressure-dependent critical density yield criterion. The model was applied to the case of cold compaction of nanocrystalline copper under uniaxial compression conditions. Densification behaviour during powder compaction was simulated using an explicit integration method as applied to the dislocation density evolution and the variation of the relative density of the compact. The model was gauged by comparing the experimental data generated by cylindrical die compaction tests on Cu powder with the simulation results. The model accounts for the grain size and the deformation rate dependence on the densification process. The proposed densification model was implemented into a finite element code. The finite element method was applied to simulating room temperature die compaction of nanocrystalline Cu powder in order to investigate the densification behaviour.     

A mathematical theory of plasticity for the upsetting of compressible P/M materials

A mathematical equation for the calculation of the flow stress in the case of the simple compression test is proposed for the P/M sintered preforms. A new yield function developed by Doraivelu et al. taking into account the hydrostatic stress, is considered for the development of the above equation. Similarly, another equation for the determination of the hydrostatic stress in the case of the simple compression test is proposed for P/M sintered preforms. Both of the above two equations depend upon two factors, namely: (i) the value of Poisson’s ratio; and (ii) the relative density of the P/M preform; during the compression test. Because there exists a relationship between Poisson’s ratio and the relative density for P/M preforms, it is proposed that the flow stress or the hydrostatic stress equations can be written in terms of either Poisson’s ratio or the relative density. It is observed that at relative densities of below 0.71 the aggregate is geometrically unstable and crumbles during deformation. In the range 0.71 ≤ R ≤ 1.0, the strain transferred to the matrix increases continuously until it asymptotically approaches the strain applied to the aggregate.     

利用晶粒尺寸构建本构方程模拟AA1070铝的热变形行为

对原有Johnson-Cook本构模型中的项进行修正,提出一种新的现象学的、基于经验的本构模型.该模型可用于描述和预测具有不同初始晶粒尺寸的AA1070铝在热加工过程中的流变应力.该模型考虑热软化、应变速率硬化、应变硬化、初始晶粒尺寸及其相互影响,能够正确模拟具有不同应变、应变速率和初始晶粒尺寸AA1070铝的高温行为...