共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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采用SEM、EBSD和TEM从不同尺度对比服役超8万小时P91钢与未服役P91钢的马氏体结构差异,并对马氏体结构作定量统计对比,分析长期服役P91钢马氏体结构的退化行为,讨论马氏体退化对力学性能的影响机制。结果表明,服役后马氏体板条块(Block)结构粗化,平均尺寸增大61.6%,尺寸正态分布顶点数值增大70%;板条束集(Packet)结构粗化,平均尺寸增大21%,正态分布顶点数值增大25.4%。板条束集结构粗化通过板条块的粗化来实现,板条块结构粗化程度大于板条束集。长期服役P91钢马氏体结构位错密度降低,导致取向差小于15°的结构占比减小8.6%。板条块(Block)结构粗化和马氏体结构内位错密度降低是导致长期服役后P91钢强度降低的重要因素。 相似文献
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T91钢管多采用TIG焊,焊接接头高温力学性能对T91钢的应用起至关重要的作用。采用不同的高温试验工艺对T91钢管的TIG焊接头进行处理,分析TIG焊接头在力学性能和显微组织上的差异。试验结果表明:高温试验前后,T91钢管TIG焊接接头的力学性能变化不大,马氏体组织增大,晶间析出了碳化物。碳化物在T91钢管TIG焊接接头保持高温力学性能稳定性中起决定性作用。 相似文献
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对T91钢TIG接头的热处理要求很严格,采用不同的热处理工艺对T91钢管的TIG焊接头进行热处理,分析了不同热处理工艺下TIG焊接头在力学性能和显微组织上的差异。结果表明:碳化物的扩散决定了T91钢管TIG接头力学性能和显微组织。温度对晶粒的大小和马氏体中碳化物扩散的影响远大于保温时间。 相似文献
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采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、热膨胀仪、高温拉伸试验仪和冲击试验仪对T91钢EPRI P87镍基焊材焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能进行了研究。试验结果表明,焊缝金属同T91钢母材形成良好的冶金结合,其组织结构为胞状枝晶γ相固溶体;同ENiCrFe-3镍基焊缝金属相比,EPRI P87焊缝金属的热膨胀系数同T91钢更为接近;焊接接头高温拉伸试样(400~600 ℃)断裂于T91钢母材位置,表明在高温服役条件下焊缝金属相比母材具有更高的强度;由于镍基焊材良好的塑韧性,在未热处理条件下焊缝金属表现出较高的冲击性能。 相似文献
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分析了T91/P91钢的焊接性,探讨了该钢焊接材料的选用原则,介绍了该钢焊接材料的种类及其应用。结果表明,该钢焊接材料的选用可以采用"准成分匹配"原则,即尽可能使焊缝的主要化学成分接近母材,保证接头获得最佳的力学性能(含高温性能)和焊接性。该钢焊接材料的种类多达五种,采用专用药芯焊丝FCAW打底+实芯焊丝GMAW填充的新工艺,优势明显。不同管径和壁厚的T91/P91钢管,分别采用匹配的焊接材料和合理的工艺,均在不同的工程中获得成功应用。T91/P91钢专用药芯焊丝焊是颇具发展前景且期待完善的焊接新材料。 相似文献
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研究推制式生产和低温形变退火的大口径P91无缝热扩钢管的显微组织、晶粒度、非金属夹杂物和室温力学性能,并与原管和热扩后经正火+回火处理的热处理钢管进行对比。结果表明,推制式低温形变退火生产的热扩钢管显微组织为回火马氏体,晶粒度6级,纵向和横向屈服强度、抗拉强度、伸长率、布氏硬度分别达到565、740 MPa,25%,220 HB和540、730 MPa,24%,218 HB。P91无缝钢管在低温形变退火后,屈服强度、抗拉强度、硬度略微下降,显微组织、晶粒度和非金属夹杂物与低温形变退火前保持一致,符合ASTM A335标准对P91和GB 5310—2008标准对10Cr9Mo1VNbN的要求。 相似文献
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通过显微组织观察和能谱分析、室温拉伸试验、室温冲击试验、高温短时拉伸试验、高温持久性能试验研究了低硬度P91钢管服役105 h后的组织和性能,并进行安全性评价。结果表明:长时服役硬度为157 HBW的低硬度P91钢管组织为块状铁素体和大尺寸析出相M23C6,与正常硬度管相比,其常温力学性能和高温短时力学性能大幅降低,105 h持久强度外推值低于标准推荐值36%,通过评估得出该机组高压导汽管低硬度直管段剩余寿命为54 075 h,机组运行存在较大安全隐患。 相似文献
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Grzegorz Golański Anna Zielińska-Lipiec Adam Zieliński Marek Sroka 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2017,26(3):1101-1107
The paper presents the results of research on the X10CrMoVNbN9-1 (T91) steel after long-term service. The material for testing was taken from a pipe section of a boiler superheater coil serviced for around 105,000 h at the temperature of 540 °C, at the pressure of 12.5 MPa. A quantitative analysis including the measurement of mean diameter of subgrains and precipitates as well as the density of dislocations of the examined steel was performed by means of TEM. The microscopic tests of T91 steel were complemented with the results of tests on mechanical properties which included also the short creep tests. After service, the investigated steel was characterized by a retained lath microstructure of tempered martensite with fine subgrain and quite large density of dislocations as well as numerous precipitates. In the microstructure, apart from the particles of M23C6 and MX (VX, NbC, V-wings), the precipitates of Laves phase and single particles of Z phase were revealed. It has been shown that the extent of degradation of the T91 steel microstructure was minor, which resulted from its low temperature of service. Performed tests of mechanical properties showed that these properties fulfilled the minimum requirements for this steel in the as-received condition. A favorable influence of fine precipitates of Laves phase on mechanical properties was observed. Moreover, an insignificant influence of single precipitates of Z phase on the creep resistance of the examined steel was stated. 相似文献
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采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、室温拉伸和硬度试验等研究了T91钢管在680℃时效不同时间(0、240、480、720、1200、1680和2160 h)后的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,T91钢管在680℃时效前后的显微组织均为回火马氏体,随着时效时间的增加,显微组织的晶界越来越明显,晶粒逐渐变粗。随着时效时间的增加,T91钢的硬度缓慢降低,强度(下屈服和抗拉强度)出现先降低、再升高、后又降低、最后呈缓慢降低趋势,塑性(伸长率)出现先增加、后降低、最后缓慢降低的过程,拉伸断口由微孔聚集型断裂转变为准解理断裂。 相似文献
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Zhi-Xin Xia Chuan-Yang Wang Yan-Fen Zhao Guo-Dong Zhang Lu Zhang Xin-Ming Meng 《金属学报(英文版)》2015,28(10):1238
Effect of Laves phase formation on mechanical properties in a pressurized T-junction of P91 steel pipe at849 K for 58,000 h with 25.65 MPa vapor pressure was studied. Thermodynamic calculations had been performed by using the software Thermo-Calc to study the phase at equilibrium state. Counter plot of von Mises stress in the pipe during service life was calculated by finite element analysis to study the effect of the operated stress distribution on the evolution of Laves phase. The change in the microstructure and mechanical properties in the sites with different stress was also studied. The results indicated that the formation of Laves phase in P91 steel was a thermodynamically possible process due to enrichment of Mo and depletion of C adjacent to M23C6 particles or along martensite lath and packet boundaries. The formation of Laves phase had a detrimental influence on the mechanical properties in P91 steel. The mean size of Laves phase would be significantly increased with increasing operated stress, leading to a reduction in tensile properties and impact energy. In particular, crack initiation energy and crack growth energy during impact test rapidly decreased with increasing the mean size and volume fraction of Laves phase. 相似文献
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在海洋性大气中,沉积在金属构件表面的NaCl在高温环境中可能导致金属加速腐蚀。在600 °C NaCl和水蒸汽环境中,研究了P91钢和Super304H钢的腐蚀行为。采用XRD,SEM/EDS对腐蚀产物膜相组成和形貌进行了分析。结果表明,P91钢和Super304H钢均表现为失重,受到严重腐蚀。样品表面的腐蚀产物层中有大量裂纹和孔洞,导致腐蚀产物大量剥落。P91钢表面腐蚀产物主要由Fe2O3组成。Super304H钢由 (Fe,Cr,Ni)3O4和NiO组成。由于Cr2O3膜在NaCl和高温水蒸汽中受到严重破坏,两种合金均遭到严重腐蚀,含Cr量较高的Super304H钢比P91钢腐蚀更严重,且有明显的晶间腐蚀发生。 相似文献