基于种群动力学模型的连续体结构拓扑优化仿生方法

通过种群动力学模型和有限元方法的耦合建立了骨骼重建数学模型,然后用像素单元的添加和删除准则把骨重建过程转化为材料形成和吸收过程,对连续体结构提出了仿生拓扑优化计算方法。通过对两个连续体结构拓扑优化中被广泛应用的典型数值算例进行拓扑优化计算,并将其结果与其它几种拓扑优化方法进行比较,验证了该方法的有效性。最终在三种不同边界条件下对长悬臂梁模型进行拓扑优化计算,以及在四种不同边界条件下拱桥模型进行拓扑优化计算,获得规则性和对称性的拓扑形式,该结果进一步说明了该仿生方法的合理性和可行性。     

结构拓扑优化的发展及其模型转化为独立层次的迫切性

回顾了结构拓扑优化的发展过程,叙述了结构拓扑优化的研究现状,阐述了各种常用的拓扑优化方法。结合作者在结构拓扑优化方面的研究工作,介绍了ICM(独立、连续、映射)方法,并通过连续结构和离散结构的典型数值算例说明了将结构拓扑优化的模型转化为独立层次进行研究的迫切性和重要性。     

考虑位移要求的大型三维连续体结构拓扑优化数值技术研究

大型复杂三维结构拓扑优化设计既具有理论意义,又具有重要的应用价值。基于等效转换的非奇异的结构优化模型,研究结构位移要求的最小结构重量设计问题。首先,介绍了位移约束的三维结构优化准则和公式。而后,为了提高拥有数万个单元以上的三维结构的计算效率,结合结构位移计算的迭代方法,在分析用于结构特性参数计算模型的基础上,建立了一套三维结构拓扑优化的求解策略和算法。最后,给出了几个典型和复杂的三维结构的拓扑优化设计算例。算例表明求解策略和算法是正确和有效的,且具有广泛的工程应用前景。     

一种变频率约束限的结构拓扑优化方法

针对仅频率约束和重量最小的结构拓扑优化问题,基于ICM(独立、连续、映射)方法和渐进结构优化方法的思路,提出了一种变频率约束限的结构拓扑优化方法.在优化迭代循环的每一轮子循环迭代求解开始时,为了控制拓扑设计变量的变化量,依据结构频率和其约束限,形成和引进了新的频率约束限.另外,建立了单元删除阈值和几轮迭代循环的单元删除策略.为了确保优化迭代中结构非奇异和方法具有增添单元的功能,在结构孔洞和边界周围引入了一层人工材料单元.结合拉格朗日乘子法,形成了一种新的连续体结构的拓扑优化方法.给出的算例表明该方法没有目标函数的振荡现象,且验证了该方法的正确性和有效性.     

基于物质点描述的双向渐进式拓扑优化方法

:为了克服连续体结构拓扑优化中的数值不稳定现象,定义了表征物质点及其领域有无的物质点拓扑变量,提出基于物质点描述的双向渐进式拓扑优化方法.基于过滤法构造拓扑变量场的插值函数,从而在拓扑优化模型中自然消除了棋盘格现象.为适用于不同单元类型和网格离散形式等,重新定义了灵敏度密度.通过二维数值算例对理论方法进行验证.结果表明:方法在连续体结构拓扑优化设计中具有可行性和有效性.     

胶印机滚筒结构的拓扑及尺寸优化设计

胶印机滚筒在印刷压力作用下的挠曲变形是影响印品质量的重要原因。以PZ1740胶印机橡皮滚筒为研究对象,提出了一种基于拓扑优化和尺寸优化的橡皮滚筒结构设计方法。建立了滚筒结构的二维拓扑模型,以应变能最小为目标,体积分数作为约束,得到滚筒结构的拓扑分布;在拓扑构型基础上,建立了滚筒结构的参数化模型,以挠曲变形最小为目标,结构质量作为约束条件进行尺寸优化,得到了滚筒具体的结构。优化分析结果表明,优化后的滚筒结构在质量约束的条件下有效地减小了挠曲变形,提出的方法在胶印机滚筒结构优化设计中可行且有效。     

自由阻尼层结构阻尼材料配置优化的拓扑敏度法

提出阻尼胞单元和阻尼拓扑敏度等概念，建立了基于阻尼拓扑敏度综合评价的阻尼材料拓扑优化准则，并用于自由阻尼层结构振动控制中阻尼材料的配置优化。建立待控结构阻尼材料布局的拓扑基结构，计算各单元的阻尼拓扑敏度。再建立考虑重量目标及结构频响峰值约束的阻尼材料配置拓扑优化模型。根据所提出的阻尼材料拓扑优化准则，求解上述配置优化问题，确定阈值和各单元拓扑值。并用若干典型结构算例，验证所提出方法的正确性，讨论了阻尼材料布局拓扑基结构的规模与优化效率的关系。     

基于改进渐进结构优化方法的结构动力优化研究

在对渐进结构优化方法基本理论分析基础上,根据结构动力学的拓扑优化特点,结合尺寸优化理论,提出了一种新的删除准则。探索了一种改进型渐进结构优化方法,并叙述基本的优化步骤。最后,融入了质量、应力、位移以及频率等动力学约束条件参数,运用该方法进行谐激励力作用下的板结构动力响应拓扑优化。算例表明,改进渐进结构优化方法对结构动力学拓扑优化问题具有一定的适用性,拓展了基本渐进结构优化方法的应用范围。     

连续体结构的变密度拓扑优化方法研究

为了实现使连续体结构的体积约束和柔顺度最小的拓扑优化及解决采用经典变密度法引起的结构优化结果存在如灰度单元、棋盘格等数值不稳定问题，提出了一种新的拓扑优化方法。首先，采用改进的固体各向同性材料惩罚法作为材料插值方案，建立结构拓扑优化模型；其次，通过引入基于高斯权重函数的敏度过滤法和设计新灰度单元抑制算子来解决数值不稳定问题；最后，借助优化准则法求解优化模型。通过算例分析可知：新策略可以改进拓扑优化方法；新的拓扑优化方法具有收敛速度较快、能更好地获取柔顺度小且拓扑构型好的优化结构和抑制灰度单元产生等优势。研究结果为其他连续体结构的拓扑优化研究提供了新思路。     

基于遗传算法的离散型结构拓扑优化设计

采用遗传算法求解包括桁架结构和框架结构的离散型结构拓扑优化问题。在遗传算法的基础上,通过引入拓扑变量并修改被删除杆件的材料弹性模量,提出了一个受多工况荷载作用,能同时考虑应力、稳定及位移等约束的离散型结构拓扑优化问题统一数学模型。该模型不但能同时适用于桁架结构和框架结构等离散型结构拓扑优化问题,而且还能解决奇异最优解问题。结合上述统一数学模型和遗传算法,给出了求解离散型结构拓扑优化问题的优化方法。算例结果表明,采用该文提出的拓扑优化方法可有效、方便地对桁架结构、框架结构等离散型结构进行拓扑优化设计。     

Simultaneous partial topology and size optimization of a wing structure using ant colony and gradient based methods

This article presents a methodology and process for a combined wing configuration partial topology and structure size optimization. It is aimed at achieving a minimum structural weight by optimizing the structure layout and structural component size simultaneously. This design optimization process contains two types of design variables and hence was divided into two sub-problems. One is structure layout topology to obtain an optimal number and location of spars with discrete integer design variables. Another is component size optimization with continuous design variables in the structure FE model. A multi city-layer ant colony optimization (MCLACO) method is proposed and applied to the topology sub-problem. A gradient based optimization method (GBOM) built in the MSC.NASTRAN SOL-200 module was employed in the component size optimization sub-problem. For each selected layout of the wing structure, a size optimization process is performed to obtain the optimum result and feedback to the layout topology process. The numerical example shows that the proposed MCLACO method and a combination with the GBOM are effective for solving such a wing structure optimization problem. The results also indicate that significant structural weight saving can be achieved.     

Lightweight design of bus frames from multi-material topology optimization to cross-sectional size optimization

A comprehensive solution for bus frame design is proposed to bridge multi-material topology optimization and cross-sectional size optimization. Three types of variables (material, topology and size) and two types of constraints (static stiffness and frequencies) are considered to promote this practical design. For multi-material topology optimization, an ordered solid isotropic material with penalization interpolation is used to transform the multi-material selection problem into a pure topology optimization problem, without introducing new design variables. Then, based on the previously optimal topology result, cross-sectional sizes of the bus frame are optimized to further seek the least mass. Sequential linear programming is preferred to solve the two structural optimization problems. Finally, an engineering example verifies the effectiveness of the presented method, which bridges the gap between topology optimization and size optimization, and achieves a more lightweight bus frame than traditional single-material topology optimization.     

基于应变能的预应力平面实体结构拓扑优化设计

研究了预应力平面实体钢结构拓扑优化设计问题。建立了以索力值和结构拓扑为设计变量,以结构储存应变能为约束条件,以结构重量最小为目标函数的数学优化模型。在求解方法上,首先以结构储存应变能最小(刚度最大)确定施加在结构上的索力值,然后采用渐进结构优化法(ESO方法)删除低应变能的单元实现结构的拓扑优化并减轻结构重量。算例结果与相应体系受力性能的结论相吻合,表明本文所提出的优化方法是可行的。     

基于等几何裁剪分析的拓扑与形状集成优化

提出了将设计和分析、拓扑与形状优化集成的思想,探索了基于等几何裁剪分析的拓扑与形状集成优化设计算法,该方法统一了结构优化的计算机辅助设计、计算机辅助工程分析和优化设计的模型,基于B样条的等几何裁剪分析既能准确表达几何形状,又可以用裁剪面分析方便处理任意复杂拓扑优化问题,由裁剪选择标准确定合理的拓扑结构变动方向,结构变动时无需重新划分网格,设计结果突破初始设计空间的限制,还可方便优化形状。建立了等几何裁剪灵敏度分析的计算方法,给出了等几何裁剪分析拓扑与形状集成优化算法,通过典型实例表明所用方法的正确性和有效性。     

Topology optimization using bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization based on the element-free Galerkin method

In this article, the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method based on the element-free Galerkin (EFG) method is presented for topology optimization of continuum structures. The mathematical formulation of the topology optimization is developed considering the nodal strain energy as the design variable and the minimization of compliance as the objective function. The EFG method is used to derive the shape functions using the moving least squares approximation. The essential boundary conditions are enforced by the method of Lagrange multipliers. Several topology optimization problems are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Many issues related to topology optimization of continuum structures, such as chequerboard patterns and mesh dependency, are studied in the examples.     

桁架结构智能布局优化设计

结构的布局优化由于涉及尺寸、形状和拓扑三个层次的综合设计而成为优化问题中的难点,结合桁架结构提出了一个基于多个初始基结构的布局优化方法。以智能生成的、型式多样合理的基结构代替传统模型中的单一基结构,然后从不同基结构下的拓扑优化结果中找出最优设计。在克服传统基结构法有可能限制求解空间而丢失最优解这一局限性的同时,将形状和拓扑优化设计有效分离,降低了求解的难度,并且结合拓扑变化法,实现了桁架结构从选型生成、分析计算到优化设计的一体化智能设计过程。算例表明:利用该文提出的方法进行桁架结构的最优布局设计是可靠有效的。     

A new scheme for imposing a minimum length scale in topology optimization

A new scheme for imposing a minimum length scale in topology optimization is presented. It guarantees the existence of an optimal design for a large class of topology optimization problems of practical interest. It is formulated as one constraint that is computationally cheap and for which sensitivities are also cheap to compute. The constraint value is ideally zero, but it can be relaxed to a positive value. The effect of the method is illustrated in topology optimization for minimum compliance and design of compliant mechanisms. Notably, the method produces compliant mechanisms with distributed flexibility, something that has previously been difficult to obtain using topology optimization for the design of compliant mechanisms. The term ‘MOLE method’ is suggested for the method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Temperature-constrained topology optimization of thermo-mechanical coupled problems

Temperature-constrained topology optimization for thermo-mechanical coupled problems under a design-dependent temperature field considering the thermal expansion effect remains an open problem. A temperature-constrained topology optimization method is proposed for thermo-mechanical coupled problems. In this article, the temperature values at the heat sources are constrained. The numerical results reveal that the temperature constraints play an important role in topology optimization of thermo-mechanical coupled problems. The optimized structure obtained by the presented method not only has certain strength but also decreases the temperature significantly compared with structures obtained by other methods without considering temperature constraints. The proposed method is applied to the design of the cooling system of a battery package. Numerical examples verify the efficiency of the presented method.