含氮硼酸酯与磷酸酯添加剂在PAO10中的摩擦特性协同效应

合成一种含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂二羟乙基十八胺硼酸酯,利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察其分别和磷酸三丁酯、磷酸三甲酚酯复配后在基础油PAO10中的摩擦学性能;采用扫描电子显微镜对磨损表面形貌进行分析。结果表明:合成的含氮硼酸酯与磷酸酯复配后表现出比其单剂更优异的抗磨减摩性能,两者在摩擦学性能上具有很好的协同效应;极压性能随着磷元素含量的减少而变差;含氮硼酸酯与磷酸酯复配后可使摩擦副表面磨痕变浅,磨斑减小。     

极压抗磨剂对复合锂钙基润滑脂性能及结构的影响

通过复合锂钙基润滑脂在加入极压抗磨添加剂前后的性能及结构变化,研究了极压抗磨剂对润滑脂的影响。结果表明:在标准实验条件下,极压抗磨剂磷酸三甲酚酯(T306)、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(T202)、二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸钼(T351)、硫化异丁烯(T321)、硼酸钠(T361)等组合可大幅提高润滑脂的极压抗磨性能,对结构及其它性能无明显影响;在加水10%剪切10万次条件下,含上述极压抗磨剂组合的润滑脂的结构及性能变化比较明显,其复合结构被破坏,滴点大幅下降,含T361的脂极压性下降最多;经过高温后(180℃,24 h)含上述极压抗磨剂组合的润滑脂,能保持或提高原有的极压抗磨性,润滑脂的复合结构没有明显改变,润滑脂的稠化剂纤维结构破坏较大,一般会造成润滑脂的硬化。     

含氮杂环硼酸酯衍生物与TCP的摩擦学协同性能研究

合成一种含氮杂环硼酸酯(NHB),利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察单剂NHB、磷酸三甲酚酯(TCP)以及它们不同质量比的复合添加剂在菜籽油中的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,所合成的NHB能够有效的提高菜籽油的极压和抗磨性能,并且与TCP具有良好的复配作用。通过扫描电镜(SEM)分析钢球表面形貌及元素分布,发现其主导作用的是边界膜中存在B、P、N活性元素,它们形成复合膜是添加剂具有良好摩擦学性能的主要原因。     

全合成切削液的制备及极压剂与防锈剂的协同效应研究

制备一种水基全合成切削液,考察新型有机钼、有机硼极压剂与三乙醇胺硼酸酯防锈剂的协同作用。利用四球摩擦磨损试验机研究切削液的摩擦学性能;采用一级灰口铸铁进行单片、叠片防锈试验,考察全合成切削液的防锈性能;用激光共聚焦显微镜观察试件表面形貌并测量工件的表面粗糙度,研究极压剂对工件表面质量的影响。结果表明:2种极压剂有协同增效的作用,使用复合极压剂后,极压润滑系数(最大无卡咬载荷与摩擦因数的比值)增大,改善加工工件的表面质量;有机硼极压剂和三乙醇胺硼酸酯防锈剂共同作用可增强切削液的防锈作用;当切削液中添加复合极压剂与防锈剂时,与含有单一添加剂的切削液相比,其极压性能与防锈性能均有提高,表明防锈剂和极压剂在切削液中具有协同作用。     

十二酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯的制备及其在半合成切削液中的应用

采用十二酸、二乙醇胺和硼酸为原料制备十二酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪分析其结构。将一定量的该硼酸酯加入基础油中制备一种半合成切削液,分析其腐蚀性能和防锈性能,并通过四球摩擦试验机测试其极压抗磨性能。结果表明;制备的硼酸酯在半合成切削液中具有良好的极压抗磨性能,当硼酸酯的质量分数为11.3%时,5%切削液稀释液的摩擦因数达到0.056,最大无卡咬负荷达到392 N。采用该硼酸酯制备的半合成切削液的各性能指标达到GB/T 6144-2010标准。     

不同极压抗磨剂在磨损条件下的膜特征

本文选择了磷酸三甲酚酯（ＴＣＰ）,硫代磷酸三苯酯（ＴＰＰＴ）和２－巯苯并噻唑（ＭＢＴ）三种酯类润滑油常用的极压抗磨剂进行四球磨损试验,并用俄歇电子能谱（ＡＥＳ）对磨损试验后得到的磨斑进行表面膜的表层和深层剥离分析,试验发现磨斑上的表面膜的组成和厚度与四球试验得到的润滑性能有良好的对应关系。     

磷系极压剂在铜板带冷轧乳化液中的应用效果研究

采用四球摩擦试验机分别考察亚磷酸二正丁酯(T304)、磷酸三甲酚酯(T306)和硫代磷酸三苯酯(T309)3种磷系极压剂在基础油中的摩擦学性能,通过铜板带冷轧制实验研究其在乳化液中的润滑作用效果。结果表明,3种含磷添加剂均使基础油的摩擦学性能得到一定程度地提高,其中T304具有优异的承载能力和抗磨减摩性能,其最佳添加量为0.5%～1.5%(质量分数),T306和T309效果较差,且限于中高或中低载荷下工作;T304较T306和T309具有更优异的润滑性能,在轧制过程中有效改善轧制过程特征参数和提高轧件质量,可作为铜板带轧制液高性能的极压抗磨剂。     

基于正交试验的含氮硼酸酯铝材轧制润滑油摩擦学性能研究

合成一种新型含氮硼酸酯铝材轧制润滑油添加剂,利用四球试验机考察添加含氮硼酸酯的铝材轧制润滑油的油膜强度、摩擦因数,通过显微镜观察磨斑形貌并测量磨斑直径。利用正交试验法评估极压剂含量、基础油种类、四球试验机载荷和转速对含氮硼酸酯润滑油摩擦学性能的影响,并通过多目标优化设计,对4种参数对铝材轧制润滑油摩擦学性能的强化效果进行综合研究。结果表明:各工艺参数对油样的摩擦学性能影响显著性由大到小依次为极压剂添加量、基础油种类、转速和载荷;经过多目标优化设计,得到的含氮硼酸酯铝材轧制润滑油强化工艺参数的最佳组合:极压剂质量分数为1.0%,基础油种类为D100,载荷为294 N,转速为1 200 r/min;通过极差、方差等分析,发现极压剂添加量和基础油种类对油样的摩擦学性能有显著影响。     

极压微乳化切削液的研制与应用

按照微乳液调配理论，研制了一种由表面活性剂、润滑剂、防锈剂、稳定剂、低粘度矿物油、杀菌剂和水等组成的透明极压微乳化切削液，详细探讨了防锈剂、油性剂、极压剂、表面活性剂等添加剂的选择；讨论了这种微乳化切削液的性能、特点及应用情况。应用结果表明：研制的极压微乳化切削液是透明稳定的，具有优良的防锈性、润滑性、冷却性和清洗性；产品不含对人体有害的氯化石蜡和亚硝酸钠等物质。     

极压抗磨剂在GTL基础油中的感受性研究*

为探讨GTL基础油与常用极压抗磨剂感受性,分别将二烷基二硫代磷酸锌（T203）、磷酸三甲酚酯（T306）、二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼（S-525）、钼胺络合物（MOLYVAN 855）、硫磷酸复酯胺盐（T307）、硫化异丁烯（T321）和合成酯（VANLUBE 7723）与GTL基础油进行调配,利用四球摩擦试验机分别考察单剂和复配后油样的最大无卡咬负荷、磨斑直径和摩擦因数。结果表明：T307、MOLYVAN 855在GTL基础油中极压性和抗磨性最优;T203和VANLUBE 7723复配、T203和MOLYVAN 855复配对GTL基础油极压性和抗磨性能提升明显,而T203和S-525复配具有最佳的减摩效果;T306分别和S-525、T307和T321复配时表现出的极压性能变化趋势相似,而T306和T307复配在表现出良好极压性能的同时,兼具有较好的减摩抗磨效果。     

Tribological study and mechanism of B–N and B–S–N triazine borate esters as lubricant additives in mineral oil

The tribological study of N-containing heterocyclic borate esters as lubricating additives had been the research hotspot. In this work, B–N and B–S–N triazine borate esters were synthesized and their antiwear/extreme pressure (AW/EP) properties were studied. Results showed the synthetical additives had good AW performance. However, B–S–N triazine borate ester showed excellent EP property while B–N triazine borate ester hardly owned EP property. The hydrolytic stability of borate ester additives was improved by the formation of coordination of nitrogen to boron. The XANES spectroscopy analysis showed that there was a layer of borate–oxygen–iron inorganics in the tribofilms. The existence of iron sulfate and iron sulfide guaranteed good AW/EP properties of B–S–N triazine borate ester additive in mineral oil.     

超高速磨削中极压添加剂对GCr15轴承钢表面粗糙度的影响

配制含不同极压添加剂(硫系、氯系、磷系)的磨削液,通过超高速磨削试验,运用表面粗糙度仪及超景深显微镜等仪器分析不同极压添加剂对GCr15轴承钢表面粗糙度的影响,并探讨极压添加剂在磨削加工的作用机制。结果表明:研究的含硫系、氯系和磷系磨削液中,含硫化脂肪油的磨削液和含氯化石蜡的磨削液对改善GCr15轴承钢磨削表面质量有明显的效果;含硫化脂肪油的磨削液的润滑性能最好,这是因为在磨削过程中,硫化脂肪油分解出活性硫并与金属磨削表面发生摩擦化学反应,生成有利于减摩抗磨的Fe S或Fe2S3等络合物。     

The synergistic effects of tricresyl phosphate oil additive with chemico-thermal treatment of steel surfaces

The addition of various extreme pressure and anti-wear additives to lubricating oil is an important and effective way of reducing friction and wear. The application of chemico-thermal treatments to material surfaces is another way to improve the tribological behaviour of rubbing pairs. The synergistic effects on the tribological behaviour of a tricresyl phosphate oil additive together with sulphurised, nitrided and oxy-nitrided surfaces of 1045 steel were systematically studied on a ball-on-disc test machine. Good load bearing capacity and reduced friction and wear was obtained as a result. As well as presenting the promising results of this work here, the mechanism of this synergistic effect is discussed, based on micro-analysis of the surface films by AES and XPS.     

Tribological Performance and Wear Mechanism of Compound Containing S,P, and B as EP/AW Additives in Copper Foil Oil

Research and development on the high biodegradability of additives is indispensable for environmentally friendly lubricants, which is one of the key factors to advance lubricant technology toward “greener” chemistry. The tribological performance of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene phosphate acid ester (EK), boron-containing amide (BT), dialkyl dithiophosphate ester (DDE), and a mixture of these (compound) as extreme pressure (EP)/antiwear (AW) additives in hydrogenated base oil (GH) were investigated using a four-ball testing machine. The elemental composition and chemical characteristics of the AW films generated on the surfaces of the steel balls were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and their AW mechanisms are hereby proposed. Thermal degradation tests were conducted to identify their thermal stabilities using thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that these additives can greatly improve the EP/AW properties of GH. XPS analyses of the worn surfaces indicate that decomposed borate esters and organic sulfide or nitrides were adsorbed on the worn surface, and the P and S elements of the compound reacted with the metal and existed in the form of phosphates and sulfates, both of which contributed to the formation of a boundary lubricating film. Moreover, these additives provide the lubricants with excellent oxidation resistance and thermal stability.     

采用正交试验法的环保型水基合成切削液配方优化设计

采用正交试验法优化设计了不含亚硝酸盐、磷、硫、苯酚等有害元素的环保型水基合成切削液。该配方采用羧酸酯、羧酸醇胺等有机防锈剂与其它无机防锈剂协同防锈,采用合成硼酸酯、硼酸盐和油酸三乙醇胺作为润滑剂和极压剂。该切削液具有优良的润滑性、防锈性、冷却性、清洗性、防腐性和可降解性。     

Experimental study of grinding fluids for abrasive-belt grinding of stainless steel

A number of ferritic stainless steels with high corrosion resistance have recently been developed, but these steels are known to be difficult to grind in coated abrasive-belt grinding operations. In order to formulate or select an optimum oil-based grinding fluid with which such stainless steels can be successfully ground, an optimum base oil was first experimentally selected, and then additives were evaluated for their effect in improving abrasive-belt grinding performance. A paraffinic mineral oil having a certain viscosity was found to be suitable for the base oil. Chemical grinding oil additives were found markedly effective in improving the abrasive-belt grinding performance for both 19Cr-2Mo ferritic stainless steel and SUS 304 austenitic steel, with those containing sulphur or chlorine being superior to those containing phosphorus, fatty acid or alcohol. Among all the additives tested, chemically active oils, such as sulphurized mineral oil, exhibited the best performance. Effects of chlorinated paraffins on the grinding performance could be perceived but were not so great as those of sulphur-series additives. The addition of TCP (tricresyl phosphate) to the grinding oil containing sulphur reduced metal removal in the case of 18Cr-2Mo ferritic stainless steel (SUS 444). In the case of SUS 430 ferritic stainless steel, however, TCP increased metal removal for a comparatively low sulphur concentration, but, above an optimum concentration of 0.4 wt% S, metal removal was reduced by TCP addition. A comparison of sulphur-series additives added to a sulphurized paraffinic mineral oil showed that nonyl polysulphide was superior to any other additives for improving the grinding performance in 19Cr-2Mo steel (SUS 444) and SUS 430. Excess addition of sulphurized fatty oil to a grinding fluid lowered the cutting ability of abrasive grains.     

The properties of various antiwear and extreme‐pressure additives in pentaerythritol ester

The tribological properties of three representative antiwear and extreme‐pressure additives, tricresylphosphate (TCP), triphenylthiophosphate (TPPT), and α‐mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), in pentaerythritol ester at different concentrations were studied. It was found that TCP could react with Fe to form an organic phosphate film containing 4% P on the scar surface, while TPPT formed a blended organic phosphate and inorganic FeS film, containing 4% P and 6% S, respectively. MBT formed an inorganic FeS film containing 45% S. Ferrographic analyses of wear particles collected from oil samples after four‐ball tests showed that the higher the temperature the better the tribological performance of the additivated ester, due to its reaction with the metal surface.     

The effect of the addition of phosphate esters to paraffinic base oils on their lubricating performance under sliding conditions

Using a modified Timken machine, the effect of the addition of different phosphate esters to paraffinic base oils on their lubricating performance was investigated. The aryl phosphate ester tricresyl phosphate (TCP) has a greater resistance to scuffing than the alkyl phosphate ester trioctyl phosphate (TOP) when used as a lubricant. In contrast, base oils containing TOP are superior to those containing TCP, although phosphate esters are effective only in base oils of higher viscosity than the esters.The lubricating performance of high viscosity base oils containing TOP is improved by coupling the ability of TOP to form a beneficial surface film with the ability of the base oils to build up thick oil films. The addition of TCP, which has a higher adsorption ability but a lower reactivity than TOP, seems, however, to prevent the formation of the oxide film which is formed with base oils alone owing to the marked ability of TCP to adhere to a metal surface. In addition, because of the low reactivity of TCP, iron phosphate is hardly formed. Consequently, the addition of TCP increases the scuffing load of the base oils but has the disadvantage of increasing the coefficient of friction.