Deposition of Size-Selected Cu Nanoparticles by Inert Gas Condensation

Nanometer size-selected Cu clusters in the size range of 1–5 nm have been produced by a plasma-gas-condensation-type cluster deposition apparatus, which combines a grow-discharge sputtering with an inert gas condensation technique. With this method, by controlling the experimental conditions, it was possible to produce nanoparticles with a strict control in size. The structure and size of Cu nanoparticles were determined by mass spectroscopy and confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron transmission microscopy (STEM) measurements. In order to preserve the structural and morphological properties, the energy of cluster impact was controlled; the energy of acceleration of the nanoparticles was in near values at 0.1 ev/atom for being in soft landing regime. From SEM measurements developed in STEM-HAADF mode, we found that nanoparticles are near sized to those values fixed experimentally also confirmed by AFM observations. The results are relevant, since it demonstrates that proper optimization of operation conditions can lead to desired cluster sizes as well as desired cluster size distributions. It was also demonstrated the efficiency of the method to obtain size-selected Cu clusters films, as a random stacking of nanometer-size crystallites assembly. The deposition of size-selected metal clusters represents a novel method of preparing Cu nanostructures, with high potential in optical and catalytic applications.     

Cu/Cu_2O复合纳米防污抗藻新材料的研制

研究了合成Cu/Cu2O复合纳米粒子的可行工艺路线,并以Cu/Cu2O复合纳米粒子为主要防污抗藻主体,使之与有效载体——活化促进剂及控制缓释剂相复合,研制出新型高效防污抗藻剂。该防污抗藻剂可以很容易地加入到聚烯烃类材料所制成的养殖网线中,其应用表明防污有效期在6个月以上,取得了良好的防污抗藻效果。     

表面活性剂PEG400存在下单质铜的微波固相合成

报道了在表面活性剂PEG400存在下通过前驱体的微波固相法快速合成单质铜纳米粒子,其直径在80~370nm之间,前驱体则通过一步室温固相反应制备。用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物的结构和形貌进行了表征。同时,对铜纳米粒子的紫外-可见光吸收性能(UV-vis)作了测试,结果表明在600nm处有一个明显的共振吸收峰。另外,通过对比实验研究了微波辐射时间对产物形成的影响。     

Biological Evaluation of Photodynamic Effect Mediated by Nanoparticles with Embedded Porphyrin Photosensitizer

Clinically approved photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment procedure that uses three key components: photosensitization, a light source, and tissue oxygen. However, the photodynamic effect is limited by both the photophysical properties of photosensitizers as well as their low selectivity, leading to damage to adjacent normal tissue and/or inadequate biodistribution. Nanoparticles (NPs) represent a new option for PDT that can overcome most of the limitations of conventional photosensitizers and can also promote photosensitizer accumulation in target cells through enhanced permeation and retention effects. In this in vitro study, the photodynamic effect of TPP photosensitizers embedded in polystyrene nanoparticles was observed on the non-tumor NIH3T3 cell line and HeLa and G361 tumor cell lines. The efficacy was evaluated by viability assay, while reactive oxygen species production, changes in membrane mitochondrial potential, and morphological changes before and after treatment were imaged by atomic force microscopy. The tested nanoparticles with embedded TPP were found to become cytotoxic only after activation by blue light (414 nm) due to the production of reactive oxygen species. The photodynamic effect observed in this evaluation was significantly higher in both tumor lines than the effect observed in the non-tumor line, and the resulting phototoxicity depended on the concentration of photosensitizer and irradiation time.     

膜厚对GdTbFeCo非晶薄膜磁光性能的影响

采用射频磁控溅射法在玻璃基片上制备了GdTbFeCo非晶薄膜,通过调节溅射时间制备出了不同厚度的薄膜,并研究了膜厚对薄膜磁光性能的影响。磁光特性测试仪的测试结果表明:溅射功率为75W,溅射气压为0.5Pa,薄膜厚度为120nm时,可以使GdTbFeCo薄膜垂直方向矫顽力和克尔角达到较大值,分别高达4575.476Oe和0.393o。能满足磁光记录材料矫顽力大,磁光克尔角大的要求。     

液相还原法制纳米镍粉

用NiSO4.6H2O为原料,N2H4.H2O为还原剂,十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)为表面活性剂,用NaOH调节反应pH,合成了纳米Ni粉。采用XRD、SEM及FTIR等分析测试方法对所制得的粉体进行了表征。研究结果表明:在反应温度为80℃,反应时间10~25 min,Ni2+浓度为0.75 mol/L,pH=11,n(N2H4)∶n(Ni2+)=(2~3)∶1时,能得到平均粒径75~200 nm的球形纳米Ni粉。     

Surface metallization of Cu/Ni/Au coatings on diamond/Cu composite materials for heat sink application

Electroless-plating and electro-plating have been used to deposit Cu-Ni-Au coating on diamond/Cu composites. Before electroless copper plating, pretreatment should be applied to the surface of composites by means of boiled HNO₃ etching, sensitization with SnCl₂ and activation with PdCl₂. The influence of pre-treatment on the electroless copper plating and electroplating Ni/Au is studied in this paper. Scanning electronic microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy and optical microscope are used to examine microstructure and morphologies of coatings. Results indicated that the uniform and tight bonded Cu/Ni/Au coating have been successfully deposited on the diamond/Cu composites. Meanwhile, high temperature baking, solder wetting and the polarization curve tests are used to evaluate the adhesion strength, solderability and corrosion resistance of Cu/Ni/Au coatings in detail. Investigated results indicated that diamond/Cu covered with Cu-Ni-Au coatings exhibited excellent solderability and mechanical properties.     

Preparation and Characterisation of Electrodeposited Ni—Cu/Cu Multilayers

Ni–Cu/Cu multilayers have been, grown from a single electrolyte under potentiostatic conditions at different electrolyte pH values. The current-time transients recorded during deposition indicated different growth modes of the Ni–Cu layers. Structural characterisation by X-ray diffraction revealed that the multilayers have the same crystal structure and texture as their (1 0 0) textured polycrystalline Cu substrate. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the films grown at low pH (2.2) have smoother surfaces than those grown at high pH (3.0). Energy dispersive X-ray analysis revealed that the magnetic layers of the multilayers electrodeposited at high pH contain much more Cu compared to those deposited at low pH. Anisotropic magnetoresistance was found for nominal Cu layer thicknesses below 0.6 nm, and giant magnetoresistance (GMR) above 0.6 nm. The shape of the magnetoresistance curves for GMR multilayers indicated the predominance of a superparamagnetic contribution, possibly due to the discontinuous nature of the magnetic layer. For multilayers with the same bilayer and total thicknesses, the GMR magnitude decreased as the electrolyte pH increased. Besides possible structural differences, this may have come from a strong increase in the Cu content of the magnetic layers since this causes a nearly complete loss of ferromagnetism at room temperature.     

Development of Ferromagnetic Superspins in Bare Cu Nanoparticles by Electronic Charge Redistribution

We report on the results of investigating the ferromagnetic properties of bare Cu nanoparticles. Three sets of bare Cu nanoparticle assemblies with mean particle diameters of 6.6, 8.1, and 11.1 nm were fabricated, employing the gas condensation method. Curie-Weiss paramagnetic responses to a weak driving magnetic field were detected, showing the appearance of particle superspins that overcomes the diamagnetic responses from the inner core. The isothermal magnetization displays a Langevin field profile together with magnetic hysteresis appearing even at 300 K, demonstrating the existence of ferromagnetic superspins in the Cu nanoparticles. Shifting of a noticeable amount of electronic charge from being distributed near the lattice sites in bulk form toward their neighboring ions in nanoparticles was found. The extended 3d and 4s band mixture are the main sources for the development of localized 3d holes for the development of ferromagnetic particle superspins in Cu nanoparticles.     

铜改性镍基催化剂对联苯加氢的影响

用浸渍法制备了一系列金属负载型催化剂,用于联苯催化加氢制备环己基苯（CHB)。侧重考察了Cu改性的Ni基催化剂Ni-Cu/Al2O3的催化性能,并用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附脱附(BET)、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及透射电子显微镜（TEM）对催化剂进行表征。研究发现,50%(ω)Ni-10%Cu(ω)/Al2O3中,Cu晶粒在催化剂表面优先析出,使表面Ni活性中心稀释、Ni晶粒变小,从而提高CHB的选择性。结果表明：在环己烷溶剂中、50%(ω)Ni-10%Cu(ω)/Al2O3催化作用下、于2.2MPa H2、200℃反应4h,联苯的转化率可达94.7%,CHB的选择性达到99.8%。催化剂循环使用10次后,联苯的转化率稍有降低,CHB的选择性几乎不变。     

TC4合金表面Cu/micro-WC复合镀层和Cu/nano-WC复合镀层的性能

在TC4合金表面分别制备了Cu/micro-WC复合镀层和Cu/nano-WC复合镀层。比较了两种复合镀层的表面形貌、化学成分和显微硬度,同时分析了两种复合镀层的摩擦特性。结果表明:两种复合镀层都由Cu、W、C元素组成,显微硬度都明显低于TC4合金的显微硬度;摩擦试验前后,两种复合镀层表面轮廓曲线的形态都存在明显的不同;与Cu/micro-WC复合镀层相比,Cu/nano-WC复合镀层的表面形貌较好,W元素的质量分数较高,耐磨性较强。     

磁光多层膜的Kerr增强效应的研究

从相干光迭加的普遍原理出发,研究了双层膜系的磁光效应,从理论上导出了双层膜系Ｋｅｒｒ角反射率和椭圆率与磁光双层膜各膜层的光学参数和膜厚的关系表达式。并验证该表达式的正确性。提出利用双层膜系磁光效应的表达式计算磁介质薄膜介电张量矩阵的矩阵元,从而计算磁介质薄膜的光学常数的方法。研究结果表明,该方法能够解决测量介电张量矩阵的矩阵元方面存在的困难。     

微波辅助消解-原子吸收分光光度法测定催化剂中铜、铁、镍含量

利用微波辅助消解-原子吸收分光光度法测定催化剂中铜，铁，镍含量，这种方法取样量少，分析速度快，消解时间约10min，分析准确度和精密度符合要求。     

Ag纳米粒子生长动力学的局域表面等离子体共振研究

采用Meisel方法利用氧化还原反应制各Ag纳米粒子溶胶,通过对Ag纳米粒子局域表面等离子体共振(SPR)吸收光谱的实时观测,研究了Ag纳米粒子形成的动力学过程,并着重探讨了温度对Ag纳米粒子生长过程的影响.实验发现,SPR吸收峰的移动与实验条件有密切关系.采用恒温磁力搅拌直接加热的方式,Ag纳米粒子的SPR吸收峰在整个反应过程中主要体现为红移,其反应动力学主要表现为零级反应,反应速率与温度符合Arrhenius关系,并粗略估算了一定反应条件下的反应活化能;而采用恒温磁力搅拌水浴加热方式,SPR吸收峰则呈现红移→蓝移→红移交替移动现象.初步探讨了SPR吸收峰的红、蓝移影响因素及其移动机理,得出SPR峰的移动方向是粒径大小与电荷转移相互竞争的结果.     

钢渣对Ni2+与Cu2+的竞争吸附研究

将转炉钢渣磨碎筛分,从钢渣投加量、吸附时间、酸性条件等方面探究其对水溶液中Ni²⁺的吸附性能及吸附机理,并讨论Cu²⁺对钢渣吸附Ni²⁺的影响。研究结果表明,100 mL浓度为50 mg·L^-1的Ni²⁺溶液,用200目(0.074 mm)0.15 g的钢渣处理30 min,Ni²⁺的吸附率为99.88%。钢渣吸附Ni²⁺的过程符合准二级动力学模型和Freundlich等温模型。钢渣吸附Cu²⁺与吸附Ni²⁺属于竞争吸附,且钢渣对Cu²⁺的吸附能力优于对Ni²⁺的吸附能力。钢渣吸附Ni²⁺的过程以化学吸附为主,伴随着物理吸附,且随着钢渣表层吸附位点的减少,钢渣对Ni²⁺的物理吸附作用会逐渐减弱。该研究对处理工业含Ni²⁺与Cu²⁺的废水具有一定的指导意义。     

纳米碳化硅的表面改性和分散性研究

采用氢氟酸对原始纳米SiC颗粒进行表面改性,以制备稳定分散的纳米SiC浆料。借助XRD、比表面仪、FT-IR和扫描电子显微镜等对改性前后纳米SiC颗粒进行了表征,发现SiC颗粒表面的Si—O键消失,表明表面的SiO2薄层被去除了,颗粒之间无明显团聚现象。根据比表面积结果,确定改性时间为15 min最好。借助分光光度法,对不同分散剂和超声时间进行研究,确定乙醇为分散剂,超声时间为5 min时,纳米SiC浆料具有较强的分散稳定性。     

Photoluminescence Enhancement of SiO2‐Coated LaPO4:Eu3+ Inverse Opals by Surface Plasmon Resonance of Ag Nanoparticles

The surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and SiO₂ coating had been extensively employed to improve the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of nanomaterials. In the article, the LaPO₄:Eu³⁺ inverse opal photonic crystals were fabricated via combining a self‐assembly process with a sol–gel method. The SiO₂ shells were formed on the skeleton surface of LaPO₄:Eu³⁺ inverse opals and the Ag NPs were added into the voids of LaPO₄:Eu³⁺ inverse opals with the SiO₂ shells. The influence of the SiO₂ shells and Ag NPs on the PL of the LaPO₄:Eu³⁺ inverse opals were investigated. About sevenfold luminescence enhancement of LaPO₄:Eu³⁺ inverse opals was obtained by the coordination action of surface plasmon absorption effects of Ag nanoparticle and silica‐coating effects. The luminescence enhancement mechanisms of LaPO₄:Eu³⁺ inverse opals were discussed.     

Cu＋Ni复合镀碳纤维增强堇青石基复合材料的研究

通过化学镀方法,在碳纤维表面分别镀上Ni和Cu Ni镀层,以这种表面改性碳纤维与堇青石陶瓷复合,制备表面改性碳纤维增强堇青石基复合材料;研究碳纤维,镀镍碳纤维,铜镍复合镀碳纤维的含量对复合材料的抗弯强度,尺寸变化率,密度和孔隙率等的影响规律。结果表明,碳纤维可以显著地提高材料的性能,表面改性碳纤维可以进一步提高材料性能,尤其是铜镍复合镀碳纤维的增强效果更好,其抗弯强度比基体的抗弯强度提高3．5倍,纤维与基体的复合质量较好。     

分散剂对纳米氢氧化镁制备的影响

纳米氢氧化镁是一种具有广泛用途的新型无机材料,可作为绿色阻燃剂和用于制备纳米氧化镁等。通过直接沉淀法制备纳米氢氧化镁是最具有工业化前景的方法。以氨水为衬底溶液,氯化镁和氢氧化钠溶液同时滴加的双注-衬底工艺制备纳米氢氧化镁,重点研究了分散剂的类型、用量及复合使用对纳米氢氧化镁制备的影响。结果表明:较理想的分散剂是聚乙二醇6000(PEG6000)和硬脂酸钠,复合使用PEG6000与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS),效果更好。PEG6000和SDBS的最佳用量分别为氢氧化镁理论产量的3%及1.5%。在该条件下,产品的纯度约为97%,产品主要为片状,分散性较好,平均粒径约为70 nm。