氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟虫双酰胺对甜菜夜蛾酶活性的影响

[目的]研究氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟虫双酰胺半致死剂量处理后,甜菜夜蛾4龄幼虫的羧酸酯酶(CarE)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活性的变化规律。[结果]CarE、GST活性测定结果显示,经过氯虫苯甲酰胺处理后CarE比活力在1 h达到最高,为147.83μmol/L/mg pro/30min,随后逐渐下降,处理后48 h比活力最低,但与0 h处理差异不显著;药剂处理后2 h,GST比活力为1.27 OD/mg pro/min,显著高于0、0.5、4、8、16、24、48 h处理的比活力。氟虫双酰胺处理后CarE、GST比活力均在1 h达到最大值,分别为15.18μmol/L/mg pro/30min、4.08 OD/mg pro/min,随着处理时间的增长,比活力均呈下降趋势,处理24 h后达到最低,但均与0 h处理差异不显著。[结论]氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟虫双酰胺处理甜菜夜蛾后可诱导CarE、GST活性增强,加快药剂的代谢,但随着处理时间的增加,其活性逐渐降低。     

斜纹夜蛾对茚虫威抗性风险分析及抗性生化机理

[目的]茚虫威是一种新型二嗪类杀虫剂,作用机制独特,探讨了斜纹夜蛾对茚虫威的抗性风险和抗性机理。[方法]采用饲料浸毒法对斜纹夜蛾敏感种群3龄幼虫经过13代11次抗性选育,测定斜纹夜蛾对茚虫威的抗性倍数及抗性机理。[结果]斜纹夜蛾对茚虫威的抗性倍数达到69.6倍。测定选育抗性种群3龄幼虫羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和多功能氧化酶活性结果表明:选育种群羧酸酯酶活性和多功能氧化酶O-脱甲基活性分别是选育前的3.7倍和2.5倍,差异显著;谷胱甘肽S-转移酶为选育前的1.1倍,差异不显著。[结论]斜纹夜蛾对茚虫威的抗药性与羧酸酯酶和多功能氧化酶活性有关,与谷胱甘肽S-转移酶无关。     

茚虫威的作用机制与抗性研究进展

茚虫威是二嗪类杀虫剂,具有独特的作用机制,对鳞翅目害虫具有卓越的杀虫活性。茚虫威通过触杀和胃毒方式进入昆虫体内,代谢为杀虫活性更强的N-去甲氧羰基代谢物(DCJW),不可逆阻断钠离子通道。研究表明昆虫具有对茚虫威产生高水平抗性的风险。概述了茚虫威的作用机制、抗性选育、抗性监测、交互抗性、抗性机理等方面的研究进展。     

棉虫威对棉铃虫增效作用研究

棉虫威对棉铃虫增效作用研究吴恭谦，张超，王成树（安徽农学院植保系，合肥２３００３６）棉虫威是灭多威和氰戊菊酯及有关助剂混配而成的多元混剂，经棉铃虫室内毒力测定证明，增效作用十分明显，其共毒系数为１０１１．９６。田间小区试验和生产中大面积示范表现出用药...     

茚虫威分析方法述评

总结了文献报道的茚虫威的分析方法。茚虫威的分析主要采用高效液相色谱方法,可用于原药、制剂和残留物分析。     

氯虫苯甲酰胺的合成

以顺丁烯二酸酐、2,3-二氯吡啶为起始原料经8步反应合成中间体3-溴-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸(9);以2-氨基-3-甲基苯甲酸为原料经1步反应合成中间体5-氯-2-氨基-3-甲基苯甲酸(10).中间体9与10反应生成氯虫苯甲酰胺.目标化合物经1H NMR确证.反应总收率36.3%(以2,3-二氯吡啶计),产品含量(HPLC)不小于95%.     

茚虫威合成方法述评

总结了文献报道的茚虫威的合成工艺路线和具体的合成方法。茚虫威主要的合成工艺是以关键中间体茚甲酯为原料经过不同的单元反应得到产品,有3条工艺路线。     

茚虫威合成路线研究与比较

通过实验对茚虫威的合成路线进行了比较,选择了以4-氯苯乙酸为原料,经过酰氯化、付-克烷基化等10步反应制备茚虫威的合成路线,所得茚虫威含量≥67%(S-异构体计),收率≥30%。     

新型高效杀虫剂茚虫威

茚虫威〔试验代号 :ＤＰＸ -ＪＷ 0 62、ＤＰＸ -ＭＰ0 62、ＤＰＸ -ＫＮ12 8、ＤＰＸ -ＫＮ12 7,通用名称ｉｎ ｄｏｘａｃａｒｂ ,商品名称 :Ａｍｍａｔｅ(全垒打 )、Ａｖａｔａｒ(安打 )、Ａｖａｕｎｔ、Ｓｔｅｗａｒｄ〕是美国杜邦公司开发的新型二嗪类 (ｏｘａｄｉａｚｉ     

食品中茚虫威残留量的检测方法研究进展

对食品中茚虫威的分析检测方法进行了综述,包括气相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱联用法、液相色谱法、液相色谱-质谱联用法等;并针对样品前处理所用提取试剂、固相萃取柱、洗脱试剂作了详细介绍及对比。     

五种杀虫剂对甜菜夜蛾的田间防效评价

甜菜夜蛾是危害蔬菜的重要害虫。用10%溴虫腈SC 750mL/hm2、3%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐WG 125g/hm2、20%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC 150mL/hm2、48%毒死蜱EC 900mL/hm2、18g/L阿维菌素450 mL/hm2防治甜菜夜蛾,结果表明,10%溴虫腈SC速效性和持效性均最好,药后1d和7d的防效分别高达96.76%和97.93%;18g/L阿维菌素EC速效性较差,持效性较好,药后1d、7d防效分别为27.18%和87.02%。其余3种药剂均具有较好的速效性和持效性,药后1d防效均在60%以上,药后7d防效均在85%以上。     

Volicitin, An Elicitor of Maize Volatiles in Oral Secretion of Spodoptera Exigua: Isolation and Bioactivity

Plants respond to insect-inflicted injury by systemically releasing relatively large amounts of several volatile compounds, mostly terpenoids and indole. As a result, the plants become highly attractive to natural enemies of the herbivorous insects. In maize, this systemic response can be induced by the uptake via the stem of an elicitor present in the oral secretions of caterpillars. Such an elicitor was isolated from the regurgitant of Spodoptera exigua larvae, identified as N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine, and named volicitin. Here we present details on the procedure that was used to isolate volicitin and the biosasays that demonstrate its potency as an elicitor of maize volatiles that attract parasitoids. With a series of liquid chromatography purification steps, volicitin was separated from all other inactive substances in the regurgitant of larvae of the noctuid moth S. exigua. Maize seedlings that were incubated in very low concentrations of pure natural volicitin released relatively large amounts of terpenoids and became highly attractive to the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes. The identification of this and other insect-derived elicitors should allow us to determine their precise source and function, and better understand the evolutionary history of the phenomenon of herbivore-induced volatile emissions in plants.     

艾蒿粗提物和几种淋洗物对甜菜夜蛾幼虫的作用

测定了艾蒿粗提物对甜菜农蛾的胃毒作用、与其它药剂及几种增效剂的联合作用,发现粗提物单用时毒力很低,但与其它几种药剂和部分增效剂有很好的增效作用。以幼虫取食量和体重变化为标准,分析了艾蒿粗提物和4种有机溶剂淋洗物对甜菜夜蛾幼虫的拒食作用,发现丙酮淋洗物具有很好的拒食作用,其次为乙酸乙酯淋洗物,而粗提物和其它2种淋洗物的拒食作用较小。     

农地乐52．25％乳油防治甜菜夜蛾田间药效试验与示范

试验结果表明,农地乐 ５２．２５ＥＣ防治甜菜夜蛾速效性好于对照药剂抑太保和除尽,药后 １ｄ的防效,１０００、６６７倍液达 ８０％以上,５００倍液达 ９０％以上。药后 ７ｄ的防效,１０００、６６７倍液为 ９１．４％～９３．３％,与抑太保 １０％乳油 １０００倍液相当;５００倍液为 ９６．７％,与除尽相当。农地乐 ５２．２５ ＥＣ防治甜菜夜蛾的持效期为 ７～８天。农地乐对作物安全。示范面积２．１× １０３ｈｍ２,平均防 效达 ８５％以上。农地乐 ５２．２５ ＥＣ已成为冀东防治甜菜夜蛾的首选药剂。     

高效杀虫剂茚虫威的合成及应用

综述了茚虫威及其中问体5-氯-2，3-二氢-2-羟基-1-氧-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯和氯甲酰基（4-三氟甲氧苯基）氨基甲酸甲酯的合成方法，并对其中有产业化潜力的合成方法进行了重点介绍。     

Fitness Costs of Chlorantraniliprole Resistance Related to the SeNPF Overexpression in the Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Spodopteraexigua, a multifeeding insect pest, has developed a high level of resistance to chlorantraniliprole, which is a benzoylurea insecticide that targets the ryanodine receptors (RyRs). Herein, the resistant strain (SE-Sel) and sensitive strain (SE-Sus) were obtained by bidirectional screening for six generations. The potential oviposited eggs and oviposition rate of the SE-Sel strain were dramatically lower than those of the SE-Sus strain; on the contrary, the weights of prepupae and preadult were significantly increased. As a post-mating response, the higher number of non-oviposited eggs in the SE-Sel strain was caused by a lower mating rate. In addition, the expression levels of vitellogenin (SeVg) and its receptor (SeVgR) in the SE-Sel strain were consistently lower than those in the SE-Sus strain. An RyR^I4743M mutation, contributing to the resistance to chlorantraniliprole, was located in the S3 transmembrane segments and might have affected the release of calcium ions; it led to the upregulated expression of the neuropeptide SeNPF and its receptor SeNPFR, and the mating and oviposition rate were significantly recovered when the SeNPF was knocked down though RNA interference (RNAi) in the male adult of the SE-Sel strain. Moreover, the expression of the juvenile hormone-binding proteins SeJHBWDS3 and SeJHBAN in the male adult of the SE-Sel strain was significantly decreased, which proved the existence of a fitness cost from another angle. Therefore, these results indicate that the fitness cost accompanied by chlorantraniliprole resistance in S. exigua may be related to the decrease in mating desire due to SeNPF overexpression.     

Effects of Alfalfa Saponins on the Moth Spodoptera littoralis

Alfalfa saponins administered to Spodoptera littoralis in the larval diet caused prolongation of the larval and pupal stages, retarded growth, increased mortality, and reduced fecundity and fertility. At least some of these effects were probably due to digestion problems manifested by longer food retention in the gut. Preliminary data indicated that the efficiency of food utilization was not altered. Saponin aglycones exerted similar developmental derangements; medicagenic acid proved most active; hederagenin, soysaponogenol A, and soysaponogenol B exhibited moderate activities; and soysaponogenol E was inactive. It is proposed that saponins become active only when the sugar component is cleaved off by the gut glycosylases and that substrate specificity of these enzymes is decisive for the activity of ingested saponins. For example, all tested -L-arabinopyranosyl glycosides were inactive, while the corresponding aglycones or glucosides were active. The liberated aglycones are apparently deposited in the tissues and exert post-feeding disturbances such as delay of imaginal ecdysis and reduced egg hatchability.     

新型杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺及其中间体的合成综述

对杜邦公司创制的氯虫苯甲酰胺及其中间体的合成方法进行了简要综述,并对相关合成路线进行了比较。