复合胶体注浆材料在自燃矸石山综合治理中的应用

日益增加的煤矸石在堆置过程中极易发生自燃,对周围环境和居民造成危害,自燃矸石山生态环境综合整治技术是目前比较理想的矸石综合治理途径。文章介绍了自燃矸石山灭火与综合治理技术,探讨了复合胶体材料注浆灭火的基本原理,结合自燃矸石山注浆灭火工程实践分析了复合胶体材料注浆灭火效果。     

煤矸石山自燃机理及灭火技术研究

日益增加的煤矸石在堆置过程中极易发生自燃,对周围环境和居民造成危害。为了预防和控制煤矸石山的自燃,对煤矸石山的自燃机理、自燃因子进行了分析论述,并对几种常用的灭火技术进行比较,同时对今后预防和控制煤矸石山自燃的研究和应用工作重点提出了见解。认为在今后的工作中,除应继续对煤矸石山的自燃机理和自燃因子展开深入研究外,还应开发在技术、经济、可行性方面更为实用的新技术,尝试通过植被混合种植以改变煤矸石山表面的小气候,防止煤矸石山复燃,进而达到煤矸石山治理的目的。     

矿用防灭火凝胶在自燃矸石山中的应用与研究

煤矸石在堆积过程中极易发生自燃,为了探索新的自燃矸石山灭火方法,阳煤集团在自燃矸石山的高温发火区域灌注一种矿用灭火凝胶材料,通过对实施后的效果进行长期监测,表面该种凝胶材料在自燃矸石山中有着明显的降温灭火和维持温度稳定的作用。     

煤矸石山注浆灭火与喷播建植兼顾的治理技术及应用

煤矸石山长时间堆积存放易发生自燃现象,并排放出大量有毒有害气体,给居民生活以及生态环境带来危害,困扰着众多矿山企业.总结多年以来的经验教训,提出煤矸石山注浆灭火与喷播建植兼顾的治理技术,并对山西中部某矿务局煤矸石山采用了上述兼顾的治理技术,取得煤矸石山当期治理、当期见绿的良好效果.     

大同矿区煤矸石山自燃防治及高效灭火技术

大同煤矿集团公司在煤矸石山自燃防治方面积累了丰富的经验和治理技术,特别是对自燃严重、火区范围大的矸石山,与煤炭科学研究总院共同研究制定“环网压注、阻灭暗火、边坡固化、浅表埋压”综合灭火治理方案,并应用新型高效阻燃灭火剂,在灭火过程中能够迅速控制火势,取得了显著的治理效果。     

粉煤灰灌浆材料防治煤矸石山自燃的探讨

煤矸石山自燃严重污染环境,危害矿区居民的身体健康。利用粉煤灰浆液进行注浆灭火,以废治废,既可取得较好的社会效益,又可以取得较大的经济效益。粉煤灰浆液呈弱碱性,可中和矸石山的酸性环境,抑制硫杆菌类细菌的生长,减慢黄铁矿的氧化速度,减慢煤矸石山的热量积聚,同时粉煤灰浆液结石后,可有效堵塞矸石山孔隙,减少矸石山内部空气的流通速度,从而阻止煤矸石山的自燃。     

汶南煤矿矸石山灭火技术研究

以汶南煤矿自燃矸石山为研究对象,通过对矸石山灭火工艺、配方的研究,摸索总结出一套切实可行的矸石山灭火技术,成功将矸石山自燃熄灭,取得了较为显著的社会环境效益。     

葛泉矿东井防灭火技术研究与应用

通过对自燃厚煤层综放工作面防灭火技术的研究,优化矿井采掘布署、通风系统,研究和应用采空区埋管注浆、三相泡沫、复合浆体喷涂隔风等一系列新技术、新材料和新工艺,在葛泉矿防灭火工作方面取得了明显效果,对于同类条件下的矿井防火,具有一定的指导作用。     

氧化铝生产尾矿防治煤矸石山自燃技术研究

简述煤矸石山自燃的防治及氧化铝生产尾矿综合利用。就氧化铝生产尾矿用于防治煤矸石山自燃进行理论研究和实验。实验证明,氧化铝生产尾矿用于防治煤矸石山自燃,可以达到以废治废的目的。     

窄煤柱大采高综采工作面防灭火技术研究

以31303综采工作面回采为工程实例,针对采面回采期间窄煤柱裂隙发育、采空区漏风量大以及采空区遗煤自燃发火问题突出等问题,结合现场情况从采面正常回采、过断层两方面提出具体防灭火技术措施,具体措施包括注氮、灌浆、布置临时隔离墙、煤柱喷洒密闭材料以及注浆等措施。现场应用后,31303综采工作面得以保持安全生产,有效解决了采空区遗煤自燃发火问题。     

压力下降条件下一种双基发射药的瞬态燃烧特性

为了解火药在压力下降条件下的瞬态燃烧特性,采用压力瞬时下降状态下的实验装置系统,研究了一种双基发射药在瞬态降压下的燃烧行为。结果表明,在燃烧室压力为0～151MPa,降压速率为(30～2.5×104)MPa/s条件下,该双基发射药的燃烧行为可分为熄灭和完全燃烧两种情况。在不同的初始压力和降压速率下,双基发射药有不同的熄火临界特性曲线。     

Consolidation grouting technology for fire prevention in mined‐out areas of working face with large inclined angle and its application

The phenomenon of linear flow of slurry in mined‐out areas of working face with large inclined angle is a crucial issue that hinders grouting for fire prevention. The traditional way of grouting exerts a poor effect on inhibiting coal spontaneous combustion, so it is in urgent need of a suitable grouting technology for fire prevention in mined‐out areas with large inclined angle working face. This paper brings up the consolidation grouting method for fire prevention for the first time and conducts a systematic study on the flow characteristics of slurry and sedimentation characteristics of slurry in mined‐out areas with large inclined angle working face. Consolidation slurry materials and their ratio are optimized by experiments. Test platform has been established, and effectiveness of the consolidation grouting for fire prevention has been simulated. The results show that settling velocity of yellow mud increases at first and then decreases as the concentration of consolidation slurry materials ascends. The optimum mass concentration is 0.2%–0.8%. The flow speed of mud is greatly reduced by laying consolidation slurry materials (The decreasing range is approaching 50%). The retention of yellow mud in mined‐out areas has significantly increased. Finally, technology in working site has been developed; meanwhile, compressed air and spray between frames have been used during the period of working face, and the consolidated way of expansion bags in wood crib to lay consolidation slurry materials has been adopted during the period of stopping work. Field application shows that CO concentration at upper corner decreases significantly and eliminates signs of spontaneous combustion. Besides, the flowing water becomes clearer, and effectiveness of the consolidation grouting is remarkable after laying consolidation slurry material band. Research results can provide theoretical guidance to technology for fire hazard prevention in mined‐out areas with large inclined angle. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

煤层自燃防治技术研究

针对煤矿自然发火严重影响矿井安全生产及职工生命的严峻问题,深入研究了煤层自然发火的预测预报技术,积极探索了煤层自燃的预防手段,创新实践了有效的防灭火方法。通过发展监测预报技术,可及早发现自燃预兆,及时采取措施处理,防患于未然。通过创新三相泡沫工艺、架间注浆灭火、边采边注防火、人工均压设施、沿空巷道防漏风、高水材料注浆等治理技术,提高了防自然发火的技术水平,有效防范煤层自燃重大隐患,保障了矿井的安全生产。     

Investigations on the cementitious grouts containing supplementary cementitious materials

Concrete structures often exhibit distress during their service life due to one or more of the following causes: faulty design, use of substandard materials, poor construction, misuse or overloading. Of these, poor construction practices result in porous concrete which necessitates remedial and strengthening measures, if a structure is to meet the strength, serviceability and durability requirements, for which it has been originally designed. However, before strengthening the structure, the integrity of the concrete should be restored, which is often carried out through grouting using cement slurry, followed by grouting with epoxy or low viscous monomer. Grouting using cement slurry to fill up the voids in porous matrix of the concrete is the most simple and economical method, requiring less capital investment and skills. However, there are problems associated with cement grouting, such as shrinkage, stability of the grouts, etc. These problems associated with cement grouting can be solved by using cementitious grouts, i.e., grouts containing supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and silica fume (SF) as admixtures in cement grout. This paper gives the results of the investigation undertaken to evaluate the flow, strength and durability characteristics of the cementitious grouts.     

埋管灌浆在厚煤层倾斜分层开采中的应用

为了防止厚煤层开采过程中火灾事故的发生,以河滩沟矿为例,介绍了埋管灌浆工艺的技术要点及注意问题。通过在厚煤层倾斜开采中的成功应用,证明了埋管灌浆工艺技术在控制煤层自燃发火方面具有显著作用。     

热塑性聚氨酯/石墨烯改性聚氨酯注浆材料的制备与性能研究

采用石墨烯、热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）复合改性聚氨酯注浆材料,并添加少量的粉煤灰、炉底渣及碱性激发剂制备一种低密度、高强度、快硬性的TPU/石墨烯改性聚氨酯注浆材料。借助聚氨酯弹性体材料密度测试仪、万能材料试验机、渗透系数测试仪、荧光显微镜对TPU/石墨烯改性聚氨酯注浆材料的密度、膨胀倍数、抗压强度、阻燃性能、渗透系数及微观形貌进行表征,深入分析了石墨烯和TPU的种类和含量对聚氨酯注浆材料基本物理性能、力学性能及微观结构的影响。结果表明,TPU/石墨烯改性聚氨酯注浆材料的密度为0.24~1.25 g/cm³,膨胀倍数最高可达38倍,抗压强度为15.0~43.8 MPa,相比普通聚氨酯注浆材料,改性聚氨酯注浆材料抗压强度提升1倍以上。酒精灯燃烧试验显示注浆材料无焰燃烧时间均小于20 s。石墨烯和TPU均可提高聚氨酯的强度和耐久性,改善TPU的微观形貌。TPU/石墨烯改性聚氨酯注浆材料表现出良好的强度、耐久性及弹性,是一种性能优异的注浆材料。     

我国灌浆材料的研究现状简

阐述了灌浆材料的发展、定义及分类,以及目前在工程中的应用现状和使用过程中应注意的事项。并对我国灌浆材料的具体应用所存在的问题,提出改进建议,以及对灌浆材料的未来发展做了展望。     

Study on Unsteady Combustion Behaviors of AP/HTPB Base‐Bleed Propellants under Transient Depressurization Conditions

As the base‐bleed projectile flies out of the muzzle, the environmental pressure in the base‐bleed combustion chamber suddenly decreases and AP/HTPB base‐bleed propellant suffers intense unsteady combustion. To further study the unsteady combustion characteristics of base‐bleed propellants, a semi‐closed bomb as was designed experimental device and transient depressurization conditions of the muzzle were simulated. Measurements of the transient combustion characteristics of the base‐bleed propellant under high depressurization rate were carried out by using a high speed digital camera system. In the experiments, the combustion chamber pressure of the semi‐closed bomb was controlled from 20 to 90 MPa and the depressurization rate was controlled from 400 to1.12×10⁴ MPa s⁻¹. The experimental results indicate that, the out‐of‐phase blowing effect is intense under rapid depressurization condition, leading to the reaction layer thickened. The thermal feedback to the solid surface decreases and thus the combustion reaction of gas phase is so difficult to maintain that it begins to extinguish. However, the thermal decomposition of the solid phase is still continuing and a yellow fog can be observed above the combustion chamber nozzle. Depending on the maximum pressure in the combustion chamber and depressurization rate, the transient combustion behavior of AP/HTPB base‐bleed propellant displays three patterns, i.e., automatic reignition, oscillating combustion (a critical type) and permanent extinguishment. Three unsteady combustion behaviors are preliminarily analyzed based on the thermal feedback. If the initial pressure in the combustion chamber before depressurization is larger or the depressurization rate is smaller, the base‐bleed propellant tends to automatically reignite earlier and the combustion process is more stable.     

Research on the influence of wollastonite fibers on the stability of foam extinguishment agent and its effect on the extinguishing efficiency of pool fire

Aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) is a frequently used foam extinguishment agent for oil fires, but the foam stability of AFFF is not perfect, which results in poor fire extinguishing performance. In order to improve the foam stability of AFFF, wollastonite fibers were explored to increase the performance of foam extinguishment agent. The influences of wollastonite fibers' concentration on foam extinguishment agent's stability are studied. When the concentration of wollastonite fibers is 30.00 g/100 mL, the drainage time is prolonged, which is the best among all the formulas. Moreover, the fire resistance and fire-fighting performances are increased significantly due to the incorporation of wollastonite fibers. In order to reveal the effect of wollastonite fibers on the stability of foam extinguishment agent, the structure of the foam and the diameter of the bubbles are investigated. The results show that the complexity and compactness of foam layer's structure are very important for foam stability, and the fire-extinguishing performance is improved due to the introduction of wollastonite fibers.