硅灰石增强铸型尼龙复合材料摩擦学行为研究

为了改善铸型(MC)尼龙的摩擦学性能,提出了一种硅灰石表面接枝MC尼龙的表面处理方法,并制备了表面接枝MC尼龙的硅灰石填充MC尼龙复合材料,测试了其力学和摩擦学性能.结果表明:表面接枝MC尼龙硅灰石填充MC尼龙与尼龙基体具有良好的结合界面,复合材料的硬度和拉伸强度分别提高了31%和26%,复合材料的拉伸断裂伸长率下降了68%.干摩擦条件下,MC尼龙复合材料的摩擦因数随硅灰石含量的增加而升高,5%质量分数硅灰石填充MC尼龙复合材料的摩擦因数达到0.5;水润滑条件下,硅灰石对MC尼龙摩擦因数影响较小,3种材料的摩擦因数均为0.18;2种试验条件下,填充硅灰石复合材料的磨损率显著降低,耐磨性能较纯MC尼龙分别提高了5倍和2倍.MC尼龙复合材料的磨损主要为磨粒和黏着磨损.     

微硅粉/聚丙烯复合材料制备与表征

低温煅烧微硅粉并用硅烷偶联剂Si69对其进行改性.分别将未改性和改性微硅粉作为无机填料与聚丙烯混合后制备复合材料.未改性微硅粉掺入量为复合材料总质量的2%,改性微硅粉掺入量分别为总质量的1%、2%、3%、4%及5%,并分别在155℃、168℃、175℃温度下制备试样.测试各试样的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度、冲击强度,观察其断裂面的形貌,并进行红外检测,以研究改性微硅粉在不同掺量下对聚丙烯性能的影响.结果表明:改性微硅粉占复合材料质量分数的2%时复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度及冲击强度得到改善;未改性或改性微硅粉加入量大于4%时会降低以上强度;用热压成型制备试样时,温度高于168℃即可成型良好.     

微硅粉/聚丙烯复合材料制备与表征

低温煅烧微硅粉并用硅烷偶联剂Si69对其进行改性,再分别将未改性和改性微硅粉作为无机填料与聚丙烯混合后制备复合材料。未改性微硅粉掺入量为复合材料总质量的2%,改性微硅粉掺入量分别为总质量的1%、2%、3%、4%及5%,并分别在155℃、168℃、175℃温度下制备试样。测试各试样的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度、冲击强度,观察其断裂面的形貌,并进行红外检测,研究改性微硅粉在不同掺量下对聚丙烯性能的影响。结果表明:改性微硅粉占复合材料质量分数的2%时复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度及冲击强度得到改善;未改性或改性微硅粉加入量大于4%时会降低以上强度;用热压成型制备试样时,温度高于168℃即可成型良好。     

聚乳酸／硅灰石生物医用复合材料的降解性能

对聚乳酸/硅灰石这种新型的生物医用复合材料进行了研究.采用溶剂共沉淀法制备含不同质量分数硅灰石(5%,10%,20%和30%)的复合物材料并模压成型,测定其力学性能,包括拉伸强度和弯曲强度.结果表明,在聚乳酸基体中加入硅灰石,其力学性能有所下降,仅当硅灰石质量分数为10%时,拉伸强度略高于纯聚乳酸材料.选取含硅灰石10%的复合材料放入37.5°C恒温模拟体液中浸泡1,2,4,6,8,11,14,17,20,24及28周,考察其体外降解性能,包括质量损失、体系pH值变化及力学强度的变化.在降解过程中,聚乳酸/硅灰石复合材料降解速度较慢,并且保持相对较好的力学性能,适于应用在骨修复及骨组织工程领域.     

钛酸酯偶联剂表面改性煤矸石粉的研究

通过XRD与SEM研究了经钛酸酯偶联剂改性的煤矸石粉的表面性质、微观结构和改性粉体与HDPE的结合情况,通过力学性能实验分析了改性剂对煤矸石粉（CGP）填充高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）复合材料的影响。研究表明：改性后的CGP表面由亲水变成亲油;SEM照片显示改性后CGP与HDPE相容性好;力学性能测试表明改性粉体明显改善了复合材料的力学性能,当填充量为30%时弯曲强度提高了71.7%,拉伸强度提高了19.3%。文章还探讨了钛酸酯偶联剂改性煤矸石粉的机理。     

活性硅酸钙填充天然橡胶复合材料性能的研究

以无定形活性水合硅酸钙、炭黑、白炭黑为填料,使用硅烷偶联剂对其改性,采用熔融共混法制备了天然橡胶复合材料,并考察了改性剂种类、改性剂添加量、硅酸钙添加量、硅酸钙与炭黑、白炭黑的配合比例对天然橡胶复合材料硫化性能、力学性能的影响.结果表明:与炭黑、白炭黑传统填料相比,硅酸钙粉体具有降低胶料扭矩、缩短硫化时间的作用;填充硅酸钙后,天然橡胶的拉伸及撕裂强度有不同程度降低,但在填充50份4％S基改性的硅酸钙后,复合材料的100％、300％定伸强度与50份炭黑填充时相当;硅酸钙与白炭黑配合填充时,复合材料的拉伸强度和撕裂强度在比例为1∶3、1∶1时各自达到最大值11.31 MPa、23.93 N/mm,优于白炭黑单独填充.     

印尼油砂尾砂/聚乙烯复合材料的性能

为了研究印尼油砂尾砂/聚乙烯（HDPE）复合材料的性能,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线荧光光谱分析（XRF）进行了分析,得出油砂尾砂改性前后形态、大小及主要成分碳酸钙（CaCO3）质量分数约为77.170%;用不同质量分数硬脂酸干法表面改性油砂尾砂,得出最佳改性剂质量分数为5%;通过冲击强度、拉伸强度、弹性模量和示差扫描量热分析仪（DSC）等表征分析油砂尾砂/HDPE复合材料的力学性能。结果表明,随着尾砂填充量的增加,油砂尾砂对HDPE有明显的增强增韧效果,当尾砂质量分数为50%时,增韧效果达到最好,但大量油砂尾砂分布在HDPE中,使基体中的缺陷增多,受到外力作用时产生应力集中现象致使拉伸强度下降。结晶性能研究表明,油砂尾砂的加入对聚乙烯具有异相成核的作用,增强复合材料的韧性。     

石墨填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料的拉伸试验研究

通过对添加石墨的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料进行拉伸试验,考察石墨的添加量对改性复合材料拉伸强度的影响.得到了试样的拉伸强度及其拉伸性能曲线.试验结果表明,石墨的添加量对改性PTFE的性能影响很大.当石墨体积分数为24%时,改性PTFE复合材料的拉伸强度较纯聚四氟乙烯降低了48%,仅为12.2 MPa;随着石墨含量的继续增加,改性PTFE复合材料的力学性能持续明显降低.     

MCC填充PP的工艺探究

主要研究MCC的填充量,PVA的用量及偶联剂的用量对复合材料力学性能的影响,比较经分散剂处理前后MCC的分散情况,并利用扫描电镜观察复合材料断面的微观结构。研究结果表明,MCC最大填充量为10%;MCC/PP复合材料加入PVA后,分散性更好,PVA用量为3%时,复合材料拉伸强度较好;硅烷偶联剂用量为1.5%时,复合材料的拉伸性能较好;铝酸酯偶联剂用量为1.5%时,复合材料的抗冲击性能较好。     

硅灰掺量对活性粉末混凝土(RPC200)性能的影响

为了解硅灰对活性粉末混凝土性能的影响,以及硅灰在活性粉末混凝土中的增强机理,通过试验分析,讨论了活性粉末混凝土中硅灰掺量变化对混凝土密度、相对密度和抗压强度等性能的影响.硅灰的微填充效应有利于提高活性粉末混凝土的密度和相对密度,而火山灰效应有利于提高其强度.当硅灰掺量约为水泥掺量的25%~35%时,可获得性能较好的RPC200.为降低成本而又不大幅度损害活性粉末混凝土的强度,超细粉煤灰等矿物掺合料替代硅灰的量不宜超过20%.     

硼酸酯偶联剂在滑石粉/HDPE复合体系中的应用

将自制含有双键和酰胺键的新型可聚合硼酸酯作为偶联剂用于改性滑石粉,填充于高密度聚乙烯树脂中制备成滑石粉/HDPE复合体系.结果表明:经自制硼酸酯偶联剂改性过的滑石粉可均匀分散在聚乙烯中,且与基体界面结合良好.改性滑石粉/HDPE复合体系的力学性能较未改性滑石粉/HDPE复合体系、KH-550改性滑石粉/HDPE复合体系的力学性能均有所提高,在改性滑石粉添加量为40份,偶联剂添加量为滑石粉质量的2%时,综合力学性能最佳,拉伸强度达到33.52 MPa,弯曲强度为32.99 MPa,断裂伸长率为73.22%,冲击强度为7.06 kJ·m-2.复合体系流动性能测试结果表明,添加硼酸酯偶联剂改性的复合体系熔融指数明显提高,达到0.146 g/min.     

Effect of Wet Surface Treated Nano-SiO2 on Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Composite

Nano-SiO2/polypropylene composite was prepared by melt-blending process. The nano-SiO2 particles were organized by wet process surface treatment with silane coupling agent KH-570. The effect of mass fraction of nano-SiO2 particles and dosage of KH-570 on the toughening and strengthening of PP matrix were investigated based on the fractography of impact notch and the analysis of crystal structure by X-ray and dispersive structure of nano-SiO2 by TEM. Results show that the impact and flexural strength and modulus of the composite are improved obviously with low loading of nano-SiO2 (3wt%-5wt%), and the izod impact strength of PP increases twice with 4wt% nano-SiO2. The nano-SiO2 particles treated can disperse into the matrix resin, which has evident heterogeneous nucleation effects on the crystallization of PP. The optimal toughening and strengthening effects of PP matrix can be obtained when the content of nano-SiO2 and KH-570 are 4wt% and 3wt%, respectively.     

苎麻增强不饱和聚酯复合材料的力学性能

分别以苎麻原麻和碱处理的原麻（碱麻）为增强体,KH550为偶联剂,制备了苎麻增强不饱和聚酯复合材料．探讨了偶联剂用量和纤维含量对复合材料力学性能的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜对复合材料的断面进行了观察．实验结果表明,复合材料的力学性能得到了较大的提高．原彬不饱和聚酯复合材料的拉伸强度达132．6MPa,弯曲强度达364．6MPa;碱彬不饱和聚酯复合材料拉伸强度迭116．5MPa,弯曲强度达297．7MPa．     

Effect of wet surface treated nano-SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on mechanical properties of polypropylene composite

Nano-SiO2/polypropylene composite was prepared by melt-blending process. The nano-SiO2 particles were organized by wet process surface treatment with silane coupling agent KH-570. The effect of mass fraction of nano-SiO2 particles and dosage of KH-570 on the toughening and strengthening of PP matrix were investigated based on the fractography of impact notch and the analysis of crystal structure by X-ray and dispersive structure of nano-SiO2 by TEM. Results show that the impact and flexural strength and modulus of the composite are improved obviously with low loading of nano-SiO2 （3 wt%-5 wt%）, and the izod impact strength of PP increases twice with 4 wt% nano-SiO2. The nano-SiO2 particles treated can disperse into the matrix resin, which has evident heterogeneous nucleation effects on the crystallization of PP. The optimal toughening and strengthening effects of PP matrix can be obtained when the content of nano-SiO2 and KH-570 are 4 wt% and 3 wt%, respectively.     

硅烷偶联剂处理对玄武岩单丝拉伸性能的影响

用硅烷偶联剂KH-550对不同品种的玄武岩纤维进行表面改性处理,采用单丝拉伸试验,结合扫描电镜和SPSS统计分析的方法,研究了硅烷偶联剂处理对玄武岩单丝拉伸性能的影响.结果表明:表面处理前后,玄武岩纤维品种2和3的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均没有显著变化;玄武岩纤维品种1的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率明显增大,其拉伸强度提高32.8%,断裂伸长率增大31.79%.这证明用硅烷偶联剂KH-550对玄武岩纤维进行表面改性处理,可以达到表面处理的目的且不损伤玄武岩单丝的拉伸性能,一定程度上可以弥补玄武岩纤维生产工艺的不足.     

玻璃纤维增强MC尼龙复合材料的力学性能

考察了玻璃纤维增强ＭＣ尼龙（ＧＦＲＭＣＮ）中玻璃纤维的表面处理及加入量对力学性能的影响。并用ＳＥＭ对ＧＦＲＭＣＮ材料界面及其对力学性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明：使用ＫＨ５５０作偶联剂对ＧＦＲＭＣＮ复合材料是很有效的。当玻纤加入４０％时,拉伸强度比基体提高３２．２％,拉伸弹性模量提高了１５２％,弯曲强度提高７４．３％,弯曲弹性模量提高了１１７％,而缺口冲击韧性提高了１６２％。根据材料的制备工艺特点     

Effect of Hyperbranched Poly(amine-ester) Grafted Nano-SiO2 on Reinforcement and Toughness of PVC

Nano-SiO2 was modified using silane coupling agent(KH-550) and hyperbranched poly(amine-ester) respectively,and Poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC)/modified nano-SiO2 composites were made by melt-blending.The composites' structures andmechanical properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),sanning electronic microscopy(SEM) and electronic universal testing machine.The results show that nano-SiO2 grafted by hyperbranched poly(amine-ester) increases obviously in dispersion in PVC matrix,and mechanical properties of PVC are effectively improved.Moreover,it was found that mechanical properties of PVC/nano-SiO2 composites reach the best when weight percent of nano-SiO2 in PVC matrix is 1%.Compared with crude PVC,the tensile strength of hyperbranched poly(amine-ester) grafted nano-SiO2/PVC composite increases by 24.68% and its break elongation,flexural strength and impact strength increase by 15.73%,4.07% and 1 841.84%,respectively.Moreover,the processing of the composites is improved.     

偶联剂改性填料对SEBS/PP复合材料性能的影响

采用异丙基三（二辛基焦磷酸酰氧基）钛酸酯（NDZ-201）偶联剂和3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（KH-550）偶联剂对碳酸钙和滑石粉无机纳米填料进行表面改性处理,然后与聚苯乙烯-聚乙烯-聚丁烯-聚苯乙烯（SEBS）和聚丙烯（PP）在双螺杆挤出机上进行共混制备SEBS/PP/填料复合材料,研究偶联剂及其改性填料对SEBS/PP复合材料的力学性能、加工行为、微观结构和热性能的影响. 实验结果表明,NDZ-201与KH-550复配改性的填料在复合材料中分散均匀,形成的相界面模糊,有效提高了复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、300%定伸强度和邵氏A硬度. 少量的改性滑石粉会在复合体系中比较均匀地分散,起到增强作用;当其用量较多时,会不均匀地分散在SEBS/PP基体中,不同程度地发生附聚或粉聚的现象,导致材料某些性能下降. 随着改性滑石粉用量的增加,复合材料的热稳定性提高,当滑石粉的用量为15 g时,复合材料的分解温度提高了10 ℃.     

Effects of Silane Coupling Agent on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of EPDM/Carbonyl Iron Microwave Absorbing Patch

The effects of types and amounts of silane coupling agent on mechanical properties of vuleanized rubber microwave absorbing patch （VRMAP） were studied. The mechanisms of silane coupling agent＇s effects on mechanical properties of rubber microwave absorbing patch （ RMAP ） and microvave absorbing patch＇s （MAP＇s） mierostrueture were also discussed by using SEM and FT-IR. The experimental results show that the tensile strength of RMAP could be increased through adding the filler of carbonyl iron powder （CIP） modified by silane coupling agent. RMAP fiUed with CIP, which was treated by silane coupling agent KH550, possessed a high tensile strength of 11.5 MPa, which was 448% more than that of MAP whose filler wus not modified by any coupling agent. It was found that the optimal amount of KH550 was 1.0 phr to 100.0 phr carbonyl iron powder. The effects of different modifying techniques on RMAP＇s mechanical properties were also inrestigated. It is indieated that MAP whose filler is modified by the wet process has the highest tensile strength, but it is not the optimal modiifying technique due to complieated wet process. On the contrary, the dry process was very simple, and VRMAP possessed fairly high mechanical properties, therefore, it was the perfect modifying process.