清洁生产在酿酒行业中的应用探讨

企业实施清洁生产的目的是最大限度的提高产品质量,减少环境污染,提高企业的竞争力,实现利润的最大化,保证企业和社会的可持续发展。文中从实施清洁生产的理论出发,阐述了清洁生产的特点、清洁生产的内容、清洁生产的途径以及清洁生产在酿酒行业的应用。指出清洁生产是时代发展的一种必然,是企业获取最大利润、健康发展的保证。     

白云纸业公司是如何开展清洁生产审核的

本文主要介绍了清洁生产和清洁生产审核的概念，企业开展清洁生产审核的原则、方法和步骤，重点阐述了清洁生产审核的7个阶段和企业开展清洁生产取得的成效。     

电镀行业清洁生产方案浅析

根据清洁生产"源头削减、预防为主"的创新思路,结合9家电镀企业清洁生产审核工作实际,以"节能、降耗、减污、增效"等清洁生产目标为出发点,归纳了电镀行业清洁生产方案,以作为电镀企业清洁生产工作的借鉴与参考。     

袜类企业清洁生产审核实例

介绍了某袜类企业的现状,针对企业存在的问题,实施清洁生产审核.阐述了清洁生产的思路,通过物料平衡、能源分析、定形机热平衡3个方面挖掘清洁生产潜力.具体介绍清洁生产方案及方案实施后取得的效益,为企业今后转变生产模式,科学管理,进一步节能、降耗、减排提供了理论依据.     

政策·法规

国家发展改革委国家环保总局发布《清洁生产审核暂行办法》为贯彻落实《中华人民共和国清洁生产促进法》,全面推行清洁生产,近日,国家发展改革委、国家环保总局联合发布了《清洁生产审核暂行办法》。《清洁生产审核暂行办法》对规范清洁生产审核行为提出了明确的要求,体现了以下原则:一是以企业为主体。清洁生产审核的对象是企业,是围绕企业开展的,离开了企业,所有工作都无法开展。二是自愿审核与强制审核相结合。对污染物排放达到国家和地方规定的排放标准以及总量控制指标的企业,可按照自愿的原则开展清洁生产审核;而对于污染物排放超过国…     

企业清洁生产管理的评价指标体系框架研究

从全面管理角度出发来探讨企业清洁生产管理评价指标体系，力求突破以往清洁生产评价仅注重生产过程、产品和服务而忽略管理所带来的局限性。阐述了企业清洁生产管理的内涵和外延及其与企业管理的关系，明确了建立清洁生产管理评价指标的五项原则，以企业生产经营活动和产品生命周期为主线，构建了企业清洁生产管理评价指标体系框架，从而为评估企业清洁生产管理绩效提供科学依据。     

皮革企业清洁生产的运行机制分析及实践

企业持续清洁生产是清洁生产审核工作的延续和深化,是企业清洁生产工作取得实质成效的有效途径和必要手段。对企业持续清洁生产工作的内容及其相关保障措施进行了论述。     

毛纺企业染整车间清洁生产审核实例北大核心

介绍了某毛纺企业实施清洁生产的途径和措施,通过审核发现,该企业审核重点为染整车间,审核共实施10项清洁生产方案,有效地提高了原辅料利用率,增加了企业经济效益。与此同时,降低了能耗,减少了污染。因此,毛纺企业从生产特点出发,合理运用清洁生产审核方法,开展清洁生产工作,可以实现节能、降耗、减污、增效和可持续发展。     

皮革企业清洁生产的运行机制分析及实践

企业持续清洁生产是清洁生产审核工作的延续和深化,是企业清洁生产工作取得实质成效的有效途径和必要手段,本文对皮革企业持续清洁生产工作的内容及其相关保障措施等进行了详尽的论述。     

重金属防控行业开展清洁生产研究

通过对某企业进行分析,探讨了在无清洁生产标准又缺乏可类比同行的情况下,企业如何进行清洁生产分析,制定审核重点和目标;以及该类企业如何提出针对性强的清洁生产方案等问题。得出了可利用《工业清洁生产评价指标体系编制通则》和权重分析确定清洁生产体系以及审核重点和目标;发挥企业主观能动性进行清洁生产方案的产生和筛选等结论。最后提议相关政府部门可及时出台相关政策标准保证企业的清洁生产审核更具有可比性,可操作性。     

CHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF CULTIVATED AND WILD FRAGARIA AND RUBUS BERRIES

ABSTRACT

Content of individual sugars, organic acids, total phenolics (TPH), some important phenolic compounds (kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, and ellagic acid) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the fruits of strawberry, raspberry and blackberry were studied. A comparison was made between cultivars and wild relatives of each species (Fragaria vesca L., Rubus idaeus L. and Rubus fruticosus L.). The main sugars found were fructose and glucose both in the fruits of wild species and the studied cultivars. Citric acid was determined to be the major organic acid in most of tested berries with the exception of blackberry cultivars, where malic acid was dominant. The content of individual phenolic compounds varied among the wild species, as well as among the studied cultivars. Ellagic acid content was higher in F. vesca, R. idaeus and R. fruticosus (122.5 µg/g FW, 12.71 µg/g FW and 61.7 µg/g FW, respectively) than that obtained in analyzed cultivars. Overall, TPH expressed higher values in the wild strawberry and blackberry species in comparison to the studied cultivars, and consequently, the highest levels of TAC were recorded in F. vesca (5.78 mg asc/g FW), followed by R. fruticosus (4.95 mg asc/g FW).

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

In recent years, both wild and cultivated berries have become very attractive for consumers because of potentially beneficial phytochemicals contained in these fruits. Fruit nutritional quality can be described by standard quality parameters (sugars and organic acids), and the analysis of antioxidant capacity influenced by specific related compounds. The importance of flavonoids and other phenolics have been suggested to play a preventive role in the development of cancer and heart disease. A significant positive correlation observed in this study between total phenolics and total antioxidant capacity indicate the need for the use of wild species in the breeding programs of small fruits, especially strawberry and blackberry, in order to increase their nutritive value and the health benefits.     

新合纤及其制造加工技术

说明了日本新合纤(新聚酯)的发展阶段,介绍了国外(日本西欧和美国)新合纤的市场情况,指出了日本在新合纤领域目前处于世界最先进水平。概括了新合纤制造加工技术及1990～1992年间日本各合成纤维厂商推出的新合纤产品。最后指出了新合纤存在的某些缺点。     

BARLEY AND MALT TANNINOGENS AND BEER QUALITY

Anthocyanogen and catechin contents (tanninogen values) were determined for ten two-row and thirteen six-row barleys and for their corresponding malts. Four barley-malts were then selected for brewing, one with high, one with low, and two with intermediate tanninogen contents. The brews were made using bottom-fermenting (lager) as well as top-fermenting (ale) yeasts, both at 50–55° F. and at 68° F. The quality of the beers, as expressed by standard analyses and flavour evaluation, is discussed in the light of the tanninogen contents of the barleys and the different brewing parameters (yeast type and fermentation temperature).     

姜与人体营养健康

对姜的营养、保健功能及其在日常生活中的应用进行了介绍，更利于推动我国调味品业的进一步研究与开发。     

Tencel机织物的染整加工及所用染化料

Ｔｅｎｃｅｌ纤维易于原纤化和很高的横向膨润性对染整加工设备选型、工序安排、染化料选用提出了很高的要求，关键的助剂是润滑剂、纤维素酶、柔软剂、树脂整理剂、防原纤化助剂，于是详细讨论了Ｔｅｎｃｅｌ机织物的前处理、初级原纤化、酶处理、染色、二次原纤化和柔性、树脂整理及染化料的应用。     

INSTRUMENTAL AND SENSORY TEXTURE ASSESSMENT AND FRACTURE MECHANISMS OF CHEDDAR AND CHESHIRE CHEESES

Textural attributes of Cheddar and Cheshire cheeses, falling within narrow compositional ranges, were assessed by sensory panels, and from force-compression curves generated by compression between two plates, and, for Cheddar cheese only, by penetrometry. Individual sensory measurements did not relate well to any instrumental one, and were better at discriminating between cheeses. Samples of each cheese variety were fractured in different ways and the fracture surfaces were examined in a scanning electron microscope. Fracture surfaces were formed by cutting directly through the matrix, tearing of the matrix along planes high in fat or cracking at grain boundaries. It is suggested that consideration of fracture mechanism may aid the selection and development of useful instrumental methods for texture assessment of cheese.     

AREA- AND PERIMETER-DEPENDENT PROPERTIES AND FAILURE OF MATURE-GREEN AND RED-RIPE TOMATO PERICARP TISSUE

The influence of tomato fruit ripeness on area- and perimeter-dependent properties and dominant failure mechanisms of pericarp tissue were investigated. Tissue discs from mature-green and red-ripe fruit were punctured with a flat-ended cylindrical probe and compressed with a flat plate at a constant rate of deformation. Approximately linear force-deformation curves were obtained to tissue failure by both puncture and flat plate compression, interrupted by a region of pseudoplastic deformation at a relatively low initial bioyield force. Based on estimated area- and perimeter-dependent coefficients and firmness (force/deformation) values, initial bioyielding of tissue appeared to be associated with an abrupt increase in cell-to-cell compaction. Puncture of mature-green tissue led to premature failure induced by shearing or rupture of tissue at the probe perimeter. The contribution to puncture of perimeter-dependent or shear-associated forces and a putative "zone of influence" increased markedly with ripening, while the contribution of area-dependent or compression associated forces generally decreased. A concomitant decrease in failure force and firmness with ripening reflected a general loss of both tissue compression and shear strengths. These results suggested that the dominant mode of tissue failure changed with ripening, from cell relaxation and rupture to cell debonding. The data obtained in this study emphasize the need to exercise caution in the interpretation of force-deformation parameters derived from puncture tests alone.     

THIOLS AND DISULPHIDES IN QUIESCENT AND GERMINATING BARLEY GRAINS,BOTH DORMANT AND MATURE

Reduced and oxidised glutathione, cysteine, cystine and traces (too small to quantify) of γ-glutamyl-cysteine and cysteinylglycine were detected, in about the same amounts, in extracts of the embryos of dormant and mature barleys. During micromalting the levels of the thiols and disulphides altered in various ways, but altered in the same ways in dormant and mature samples of grain until germination began. An early decline in the glutathione content of embryos was mirrored by a rise in the amount in degermed grains. Histochemical tests and analyses of isolated tissues showed that in the quiescent grains thiols were concentrated in the embryo (particularly the scutellum) and in the aleurone layer and isolated embryos released thiols into an incubation medium. We conclude that the endogenous thiols and disulphides are not obviously involved in the regulation of dormancy.