质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极组件温度分布的神经网络预测模型

质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极组件表面的温度分布会影响质子交换膜燃料电池的性能、寿命和可靠性.为探究质子交换膜燃料电池传热规律,本文提出了一种基于神经网络的质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极组件温度分布的预测模型.本研究选取径向基函数神经网络(RBF)和广义回归神经网络(GRNN)两种神经网络,以电流密度、温度点的位置作为网络输入,不同位置的温度作为网络输出,对平行流道质子交换膜燃料电池、蛇形流道质子交换膜燃料电池分别建立了神经网络预测模型.结果显示,RBF神经网络预测的均方根误差平均为0.464、平均绝对百分误差为1.179％,GRNN神经网络预测的均方根误差平均为0.7155、平均绝对百分误差为2.27％;相较于GRNN神经网络,RBF神经网络精度更高;基于RBF神经网络的平行流道质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极组件温度分布预测模型预测值与96％的实验值的相对误差在5％以内.基于RBF神经网络的蛇形流道质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极组件温度分布预测模型预测值与95％的实验值的相对误差在5％以内.     

基于仿射热模型的质子交换膜燃料电池电堆的热管理控制

质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）电堆工作温度对电堆的性能和运行寿命有很大影响.为了实现质子交换膜燃料电池电堆温度的有效控制,根据电堆能量守恒原理建立了电堆动态热管理模型.由于该模型是具有参数不确定和易受外界干扰的非线性模型,为此,采用了线性二次型优化控制和李亚普诺夫函数的递推设计方法设计了具有强鲁棒性的自适应控制器两种控制算法对电堆温度进行控制,数字测试验证了该算法的有效性.图1参11     

考虑环境温湿度的空冷PEMFC最佳工作温度研究与控制

空冷型质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)属于阴极开放式燃料电池,无外部增湿装置,因此空冷型PEMFC阴极入口处空气的温度和湿度必然对燃料电池工作性能有着不可忽视的影响。通过实验研究空冷型PEMFC最佳工作温度与环境温湿度及输出电流之间的关系,分析不同环境温湿度和输出电流对空冷型PEMFC最佳工作温度的影响。最后设计空冷型PEMFC控制系统,根据得到的不同环境温湿度下的空冷型PEMFC最佳工作温度曲线,采用PID控制方法实现不同温湿度环境条件下的最佳工作温度控制。     

智能电网中PEMFC分布式电源的建模及性能分析

采用风能、太阳能、燃料电池等清洁能源发电的分布式电源是智能电网的重要组成部分。质子交换膜燃料电池PEMFC作为分布式发电的一种,具有能量密度高,环境污染小,噪音低,启动快,工作温度低等优点。文中建立了PEMFC燃料电池的数学模型,采用Simulink软件搭建了仿真模型,并对PEMFC燃料电池在不同温度及气体压力下的发电效率进行了分析。     

质子交换膜燃料电池的水热管理

质子交换膜燃料电池电化学反应生成电能、热能和水。质子交换膜燃料电池中水管理与热管理是紧密关联互相耦合的,有效的水热管理对于提高电池的性能和寿命起着关键作用。本文对膜中水的迁移机理及影响水平衡的主要因素进行了分析,对目前较为有效的水管理方法进行了综述。另外,分析了在微重力条件下燃料电池水管理问题的重要性。燃料电池中约有40%~50%的能量耗散为热能,必须采取有效的散热方式及时排除这些热量。本文对质子交换膜燃料电池的温度分布、局部换热系数及散热等燃料电池热管理相关问题进行了分析。     

质子交换膜燃料电池双极板材料研究进展

介绍了质子交换膜燃料电池双极板，着重介绍了质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的选材：金属材料，石墨材料，石墨／树脂复合材料，纤维增强石墨／树脂复合材料，对质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的选材做出了展望。     

质子交换膜燃料电池作为军事通信电源的应用前景分析

介绍了军队现有的通信电源装备在未来战争中存在的不足，以及质子交换膜燃料电池的特点．通过对质子交换膜燃料电池和现有通信电源装备的对比，分析了质子交换膜燃料电池作为军事通信电源存在的巨大优势。     

质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的设计与模拟分析

质子交换膜燃料电池是直接将化学能转换为电能的装置,双极板上的流道结构对燃料电池的工作性能具有较大的影响。根据应用要求设计了具有平行流道、蛇形流道及希尔伯特分形流道的双极板结构,模拟计算了氢气在不同类型的流道和气体扩散层中的分布状态,分析了燃料电池的输出电流密度和功率密度随电极间电压的变化特点,比较了不同的流道结构对燃料电池输出电流密度的影响,以及不同的工作温度及气体压强的情况下,燃料电池输出电流密度随温度及压强的变化规律。     

PEM燃料电池接触压力和电化学性能的研究

考虑质子交换膜(PEM)燃料电池组装力和工作温度耦合作用对燃料电池双极板与气体扩散层(GDL)间接触压力和电化学性能的影响,采用有限元分析(finite element analysis,FEA)与实验相结合的方法对其进行研究。结果表明,组装力和温度对气体扩散层和双极板之间的接触压力有明显的影响。同时采用实验的方法研究组装力和温度对燃料电池电化学性能的影响,结果表明,当组装力为3.0 Nm和燃料电池温度为80℃时,燃料电池接触压力分布最均匀,电化学性能最优。实验结果与模拟结果吻合较好。     

天然气制氢及质子交换膜燃料电池的研究

文章简要介绍了质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的发展历史，PEMFC的原理、结构和组成，重点叙述了质子交换膜燃料电池系统研制中需要解决的若干问题及其对燃料电池稳定运行的影响。介绍了天然气水蒸汽重整制氢作为质子交换膜燃料电池氢源的技术路线。     

质子交换膜燃料电池数值分析

建立了一个三维的数学模型来模拟研究质子交换膜燃料电池,以及流道里流体的流动、阳极氢气和阴极氧气各组分的传递、热量传递、电荷传递、和氧化还原的电化学反应动力学,得到了电池内的组分浓度分布情况、温度场分布情况、以及多孔扩散层孔隙率对电池性能的影响.     

An improved thermal control of open cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a well-known technology that has shown high efficiency and performance as a power system compared to conventional sources such as internal combustion engines. Especially, open cathode proton exchange membrane is growing more popular thanks to its simple structure, low cost and low parasitic losses. However, the open cathode fuel cell performance is highly related to the operating temperature variation and the airflow rate which is adjusted through the fan voltage. In this regard, the present study investigates the thermal management of an open cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The objectives are the stack performance improvement and the stack degradation prevention. Indeed, a safety and optimal operating zone governed by the load current, the stack temperature and the air stoichiometry, is designed. This optimal operating zone is defined based on the system thermal balance and the operating constraints. Hence, the proposed control strategy deals concurrently with the stack temperature regulation and the air stoichiometry adjustment to guarantee the goals achievement. The performance of the proposed control strategy is verified through experimental studies with different operating conditions and results prove its efficiency. To properly design an appropriate control strategy, a multiphysic fuel cell model is developed based on acausal approach by mean of Matlab/Simscape and experimentally validated.     

Detection of liquid water in the flow channels of PEM fuel cell using an optical sensor

An optical sensor was developed with the capability of detecting liquid water in the flow channels of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as well as simultaneously measuring temperature. This work is an extension of previous research in which an optical temperature sensor was developed for measuring the in situ temperature of PEM fuel cells based on the principles of phosphor thermometry. The optical sensor was installed in the cathode flow channel of a 5 cm² proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The fuel cell was tested under both dry and humid conditions. Liquid water formation in the flow channels was quantitatively measured from the experimental data. An observed time fraction value was estimated for characterizing flow channel flooding. The observed time fraction of liquid water in the flow channel was found to be closely related to the relative humidity of reactants and the operating current of the fuel cell.     

Effect of orthohydrogen–parahydrogen composition on performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

The effect of orthohydrogen–parahydrogen concentration on the performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is calculated and experimentally investigated. Gibbs free energy and reversible cell potential calculations predict that parahydrogen at room temperature produces a voltage 20 mV/cell higher than normal hydrogen and a 1.6% increase in efficiency over normal hydrogen. Experimental data based on a 1 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell rapidly switched between normal and parahydrogen did not show a statistically significant difference in performance. Variations due to stack humidity and anode purging are found to dominate fuel cell output. The experimental results confirm that, as anticipated, parahydrogen concentration has a negligible impact on fuel cell performance for the majority of practical applications.     

Effects of open-circuit operation on membrane and catalyst layer degradation in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Durability issues have been attracting a great deal of attention in hydrogen/air proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell research. In the present work, membrane electrode assembly (MEA) degradation under open circuit (OC) conditions was carried out for more than 250 h. By means of several on-line electrochemical measurements, the performance of the fuel cell was analysed at different times during the degradation process. The results indicate that structural changes in the PEM and catalyst layers (CLs) are the main reasons for the decline in performance during OC operation. The results also show that degradation due to platinum oxidation or catalyst contamination can be partially recovered by a subsequent potential cycling process, whereas the same cycling process cannot recover the membrane degradation.     

Understanding of temperature-dependent performance of short-side-chain perfluorosulfonic acid electrolyte and reinforced composite membrane

The short-side-chain (SSC) perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes are important candidates as membrane electrolytes applied for high temperature or low relative humidity (RH) proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In this paper, the fuel cell performance, proton conductivity, proton mobility, and water vapor absorption of SSC PFSA electrolytes and the reinforced SSC PFSA/PTFE composite membrane are investigated with respect to temperature. The pristine SSC PFSA membrane and reinforced SSC composite membrane show better fuel cell performance and proton conductivity, especially at high temperature and low relative humidity conditions, compared to the long-side-chain (LSC) Nafion membrane. Under the same condition, the proton mobility of SSC PFSA membranes is lower than that of the LSC PFSA membrane. The water vapor uptake values for Nafion 211 membrane, pristine SSC PFSA membrane and SSC PFSA/PTFE composite membrane are 9.62, 11.13, and 11.53 respectively at 40 °C and they increase to 9.89, 12.55 and 13.09 respectively at 120 °C. The high water content of SSC PFSA membrane makes it maintain high performance even at elevated temperatures.     

Physically stable proton exchange membrane with ordered electrolyte for elevated temperature PEM fuel cell

Dimensional change and humidity-induced stress of the proton exchange membrane were demonstrated to be main reasons for membrane physical failure during the long-term fuel cell operation. In this work, UV laser ablation was proposed to prepare physically stable polyimide supports to reduce the dimensional swelling and humidity-induced stress of the proton exchange membrane under variable humidities. Long-range ordered straight holes with definable open pattern and diameter of 50–200 μm were formed through the polyimide support. Composite proton exchange membrane prepared from the straight-hole polyimide support presented desirable performance and high durability in fuel cells. When Nafion fraction in the composite membrane increased to 48.67%, the proton conductivities of the composite membranes were equal to or greater than that of the conventional Nafion membrane with activation energies lower than that of the Nafion 211 membrane. The dimensions of the composite membranes are very stable in both low and elevated temperature conditions. The proportion of humidity-induced stress to the yield strength for the composite membrane is 0.20%–0.21%, much lower than that of the conventional Nafion membrane (24.77%). As a result, the composite proton exchange membrane prepared from the straight-hole polyimide presented high durability in the fuel cell operation. In the open circuit voltage accelerated test under in situ accelerating RH cyclic test, the irreversible OCV reduction rate of the composite membranes was 2.41–2.72 × 10⁻⁵ V/cycle, 37.1%–41.8% lower than that of the conventional Nafion 211 membrane.     

Parametric model of an intermediate temperature PEMFC

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells operating with Nafion^® membranes have encountered numerous problems associated with water management and CO poisoning because of their low temperature of operation. Higher temperature membranes have been investigated, one such membrane being polybenzimidazole (PBI). This paper presents a parametric model, which predicts the polarization performance of an intermediate temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). It also investigates the effects of porous media characteristics on fuel cell performance. Results show that for intermediate temperature fuel cells, mass limitation effects are absent as long as the catalyst regions are sufficiently permeable. It is predicted that the greatest scope for improving PBI PEMFC performance is increasing the membrane conductivity and improving the catalyst performance, as it interfaces with the PBI membrane.     

Flexible micro sensors for in-situ diagnosis of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

The temperature and flooding phenomenon during operation can strongly influence a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance. Non-uniform conditions exist in each segment of fuel cell. Previous studies have investigated these conditions on the mm scale using destructive methods or simulation, but none has been able to obtain exact data from within the fuel cell.