基于AUTOFORM模拟的顶盖前边梁加强板热冲压工艺

目的 研究顶盖前边梁加强板热冲压成形过程中不同参数对零件成形的影响规律,为生产提供技术指导。方法 通过AUTOFORM模拟零件热成形过程,并对模拟结果对比分析,得到了板料尺寸、成形温度、保压时间、成形压力、冷却时间等工艺参数对成形性能的影响。结果 优化了板料尺寸及板料定位,并通过调节模具间隙保证了零件的成形性,得到零件最大减薄率小于15%,平均抗拉强度达到1450 MPa,平均硬度达到HV475,从而确定了顶盖前边梁加强板的热冲压工艺。结论 结合此有限元分析方法试制出抗拉强度大于1450 MPa的合格零件,为此类零件批量化生产提供理论依据。     

前围外板的冲压工艺设计及成形分析

目的解决汽车覆盖件因为冲压变形复杂,成形工艺参数难以确定的问题。方法分析了汽车前围外板的成形工艺,研究了复杂型面拉深模具的型面设计,以有限元分析软件AUTOFORM为平台,对其冲压成形过程进行了数值模拟。根据模拟结果(成形极限图、材料流动分布及材料变薄率)对拉延型面及工艺参数进行了优化。结果所得零件材料最大减薄率为17.3%,在SPCE(t=0.8 mm)材质减薄率安全范围内(18.7%),消除了成形过程中的暗伤开裂风险,成形结果得到了大大改善。结论 CAE仿真能够预测零件成形过程中存在的缺陷,优化工艺参数,指导模具设计工作。将优化结果用于指导实际生产,得到了符合质量要求的拉延零件。     

高强钢帽形梁零件冲压减薄预测分析

目的 针对高强钢帽形梁强度高、塑性差、结构复杂、冲压过程中出现减薄破裂等情况,建立QP980高强度钢冲压成形减薄预测模型,解决实际生产工程难题。方法 以典型高强钢车身零件帽形梁为对象,利用人工神经网络模型研究工件结构和减薄率之间的关系,将贝叶斯优化算法和循环人工神经网络相结合,建立冲压成形减薄的高精度预测模型,对高强钢帽形梁零件冲压成形时减薄量进行优化设计,通过AutoForm软件验证算法模型的准确性。结果 拉深高度对减薄率影响最大,对外减薄率影响达到41.7%,对内减薄影响达到46.2%,人工神经网络模型对测试集5组数据的预测平均误差均小于0.3%。根据人工神经网络求解QP980钢在极限减薄率25%下的最大拉深高度为55.417 mm,人工神经网络预测结果与Autoform仿真结果相差0.3%,验证了人工神经网络模型的准确性。结论 采用该模型解决了CAE模拟在较少试验数据条件下算法预测精度差的问题,能有效缩短高强钢零件冲压成形调试周期,提高生产效率。     

前防撞梁零件的热成形试制研究

针对某车型前防撞梁零件开发热成形模具,并进行热冲压成形试验,对成形后的零件进行激光扫描以及金相组织、显微硬度和力学性能检测。结果表明:所试制的零件形状符合设计要求,热成形后零件为马氏体组织,显微硬度在HV400以上,样件屈服强度在1 000 MPa以上,抗拉强度在1 400 MPa以上,断后延伸率在10%以上。     

基于 AUTOFORM 的汽车前围横梁连接板的数值分析与实验研究

目的分析汽车前围横梁连接板的冲压成形过程。方法以板料成形非线性分析软件AUTOFORM为平台,对汽车前围横梁连接板的冲压成形过程进行CAE分析。根据模拟结果(成形极限图、材料流动分布及材料变薄率),对拉延型面及工艺参数进行了优化。结果所得零件材料最大减薄率为14.6%,在B340LA(t=1.0 mm)材质减薄率安全范围内(16.9%),零件型面球化处角部无暗伤及拉裂,翻边处材料流动均匀,无开裂风险,成形结果得到大大改善。结论 CAE仿真能够预测零件成形过程中存在的缺陷,优化工艺参数,指导模具设计工作。最后将优化结果用于指导实际生产,得到了符合质量要求的零件。     

热成形钢防撞梁性能研究

目的研究热成形钢防撞梁的性能及其影响因素。方法使用准静态三点弯曲试验和高速落锤试验,对比了热成形钢防撞梁和传统冷冲压防撞梁的静态承载能力及动态抗冲击吸能性能,使用极差分析方法,分析了各个影响因素的显著水平及最优数据。结果热成形防撞梁的最大变形抗力是传统冷冲压防撞梁的2~3倍,吸能效果是其1.5~2.5倍。热成形工艺参数中,变形温度对热成形钢防撞梁性能的影响最大,其次是加热温度,再其次是保温时间。结论热成形钢防撞梁性能优异,在保证驾乘人员安全的同时,可以实现汽车减重、降低油耗、减少二氧化碳排放。为保证热成形钢防撞梁的性能,在热成形工艺过程中最需要注意的是变形温度。     

电动汽车电池包铝合金顶盖拉延成形分析及工艺参数优化

目的 解决轻薄铝合金电池包顶盖拉延成形过程中的工艺质量问题。方法 采用Autoform软件对顶盖拉延成形过程进行仿真分析,在单一条件下分别研究压边力、冲压速度、凹凸模间隙以及摩擦因数对顶盖拉延成形规律的影响。以最大减薄率和最大增厚率为评价指标,通过对以上4个工艺参数进行正交实验优化,且采用正交综合评分法分析实验数据,得出影响评价指标的4个因素的主次关系(冲压速度>压边力>摩擦因数>凹凸模间隙)以及最优工艺参数。结果 最优工艺参数如下:冲压速度为1000 mm/s,压边力为800 kN,摩擦因数为0.12,凹凸模间隙为1.26 mm。采用最优工艺参数进行拉延成形实验验证,实验后测量实物顶盖,实际最大减薄率为14.3%,最大增厚率为8.6%。与仿真值比较,顶盖的实际最大减薄率误差为8.9%、最大增厚率误差为7.5%,实际值与仿真值之间的误差合理。结论 在实际生产中,该工艺参数优化的方法能够为后续轻薄铝合金顶盖的生产制造提供有价值的指导。     

大拉深比薄壁筒形件充液成形过程数值模拟

目的利用充液成形工艺成形普通拉深工艺难成形的大拉深比筒形件。方法通过理论公式计算了冷冲压工艺成形该制件的道次,利用有限元软件Dynaform对充液成形过程进行了3个步骤模拟,并研究了第1步拉深时初始反胀高度对成形制件减薄率的影响规律。结果利用理论公式计算,传统冲压方法成形拉深比为3.2的筒形件至少需要5个道次,而采用被动式充液成形方法只需要3个道次。每个道次的最大减薄率都在8%以内,最后得到拉深制件的最大减薄率为8.53%,在安全范围以内;第1步充液拉深时,反胀高度分别为1.75,2.75,3.75,4.75,5.75 mm时,得到制件的最大减薄率分别为5.28%,5.08%,4.8%,5.03%,5.03%。结论充液成形工艺较传统冲压工艺可以大大提高板料的成形极限,减少成形道次,成形制件质量好;合适的初始反胀高度,可以减小成形制件壁厚的最大减薄率。     

汽车防撞梁外板冲压工艺设计

目的研究汽车防撞梁外板的冲压成形工艺,解决汽车覆盖件拉延成形过程中,在工艺补充面设计、压边力和拉延筋的布置时存在不确定性的问题。方法以汽车覆盖件防撞梁外板为例,基于曲面造型和有限元模拟软件,对其冲压成形过程进行了设计、模拟和优化。结果在优化工艺参数和合理改善零件结构后,获得了较理想的成形效果,为实际工艺设计和试模生产提供参考依据。结论提出一种优化新思路:利用冲压工艺多工序相结合的特点,合理调整零件内部结构,可以有效降低拉延成形工序的制造难度,从而提高制件质量。     

硬铝合金半球形零件的渐进成形工艺研究

目的 研究冲压胀形工艺与渐进成形工艺成形半球形零件的区别。方法 使用两种热处理状态的硬铝合金,AA2024-O和AA2024-T4,分别用冲压胀形工艺和渐进成形工艺成形半球形零件。结果 相比较渐进成形零件而言,使用冲压胀形工艺得出的半球形零件的壁厚相对均匀,变形程度可以达到更大;在相同的试验条件下,AA2024-O的成形性能远高于AA2024-T4的成形性能;在本实验所研究的参数范围内,下压量越小,成形高度越大,对AA2024-O进给速率越快,成形高度越大;而对AA2024-T4进给速率越慢,成形高度越大;对于胀形零件,材料在胀形过程中处于双向拉伸应变状态,而渐进成形零件在成形过程中处于平面应变状态;胀形零件的最大应变和最大减薄处是半球的中心,而渐进成形零件的最大应变和最大减薄处是半球的边缘。结论 胀形零件的危险截面在半球的中心,渐进成形零件的危险截面在半球的边缘。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from