生活污水为碳源处理硫酸盐矿山废水可行性试验

为提高微生物法处理硫酸盐矿山废水的效果以及降低处理成本,采用生活污水做为硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的有机碳源,重点考察生活污水作为碳源的可行性,通过不同的[COD]/[SO42-]配比找到最佳配比值,以及硫酸盐的还原率、重金属的去除率和有机物的去除情况.结果表明,生活污水作为SRB的有机物碳源是可行的,当[COD]/[SO42-]为2.5时,硫酸根的去除率最高为83.2 %,而较低的C/S会影响反应的效果,COD去除率最高为85.2 %.而Fe2+不同配比下都达到了96 %的去除,Mn2+则是较低C/S下达到87 %的去除效果.     

硫酸盐还原菌分离及其处理煤矿酸性废水工艺的实验研究

针对煤矿酸性废水直接排放污染水资源的问题,试验选用污泥样作为筛选样品富集硫酸盐还原菌,采用稀释涂布-叠皿夹层厌氧培养法分离纯化SRB,研究了SRB对煤矿酸性废水中Fe2+和SO42-的去除效果。试验结果表明:分离纯化得到的SRB符合典型的"S"型生长曲线,SRB的最佳生长条件为34℃、p H为7、70%乳酸钠作为碳源。综合比较接种不同量SRB对煤矿酸性废水的处理效果可知,接种10%SRB的处理效果较好,接种时间为5d时对煤矿酸性废水中SO42-和Fe2+的去除率分别为74. 71%和99. 18%。     

一株硫酸盐还原菌的分离及处理含铁锰废水的实验

通过实验分离并纯化出一株硫酸盐还原菌(编号为SRBd),初步鉴定为脱硫杆菌属(Desulfobacter);对SRBd菌株在不同菌液投加量、pH值、振荡强度及其碳硫条件下进行Fe2+、Mn2+去除特性实验,得出反应的最佳条件为:温度为37℃、pH值为6、震荡强度为100 r/min、COD/SO42-为2/1,在此最佳条件下对SO42-、Fe2+、Mn2+的去除率分别为88.16%、99.37%、59.18%,SRBd具有较好的铁锰去除能力,该研究成果可为生物法处理AMD提供一定的参考依据。     

硫酸盐还原菌处理废水的研究进展与展望

硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)是一类形态、营养多样化的,利用硫酸盐或者其他氧化态硫化物作为电子受体来异化有机物质的厌氧菌.本文在阐明SRB处理废水中污染物机理的基础上,充分探讨了SRB在处理酸性矿山废水、重金属离子废水和有机废水的国内外研究现状及进展,最后对其在污废水治理方面进行了展望,SRB处理废水作为一项新的实用技术极具潜力.     

高浓度硫酸盐有机废水生物处理新工艺的研究

本文以含硫酸盐的葡萄糖人工配水作为进水,在不同COD和SO_4~(2-)浓度下,分别以UASB反应器和厌氧滤池作为硫酸盐还原相,以上流式好氧填料床反应器作为生物脱硫相,以UASB作为产甲烷相(厌氧反应温度为35±1℃,好氧反应温度为18～28℃),对硫酸盐还原-生物脱硫-产甲烷三相串联工艺进行了较系统的研究。试验结果表明:(1)硫酸盐还原-生物脱硫-产甲烷三相串联工艺是一种适合于处理硫酸盐有机废水的新工艺,对于进水COD/SO_4~(2-)为5:1,SO_4~(2-)浓度为1000mg/L的人工配水,COD和SO_4~(2-)进水负荷分别可达15.5和3.2kg/(m~3·d),去除率分别为95％和98％以上;将产甲烷相部分出水回流至硫酸盐还原相,整个工艺对于SO_4~(2-)浓度高达2000、4000和8000mg/L(COD/SO_4~(2-)仍为5:1)的人工配水,同样具有较好的处 理效果。(2)以UASB反应器作为硫酸盐还原相,在进水COD/SO_4~(2-)比值分别为5:1和2:1时,均可培养出以还原硫酸盐和酸化有机物为主要功能的颗粒污泥;以厌氧滤池作为硫酸盐还原相在技术上也可行。(3)硫酸盐还原相进水SO_4~(2-)浓度应低于1500mg/L,将部分产甲烷相出水回流可起稀释作用。(4)以拉西瓷环为填料的上流式填料床生物脱硫反应器,在进水硫化物浓度约为250mg/L时,进水容积负荷可达23.8kg/(m~3·d),硫化物去除率     

生物法处理含硫酸盐酸性废水及回收单质硫工艺

提出了以生活垃圾酸性发酵产物为硫酸盐还原菌碳源生物处理含硫酸盐酸性废水和回收单质硫工艺流程 ,总结了小试的主要研究结果和最佳工艺参数     

硫酸盐还原菌及其在废水厌氧治理中的应用

硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)在废水处理方面有独特的优势,在厌氧环境中能以硫酸盐作为电子受体降解有机污染物。本文阐明了SRB处理废水中污染物的机理,综述了国内外利用SRB处理重金属离子废水、含硫酸盐有机废水和酸性矿山废水的研究进展。最后总结了目前在工程应用方面尚存在的问题。     

无机矿物吸附剂去除矿井水硫酸盐试验研究

为研究环境友好型的酸性矿井水中硫酸盐的去除方法,选用河南某地的天然斜发沸石制备了无机矿物吸附剂,探讨了影响吸附剂吸附去除硫酸盐的因素。结果表明:利用天然沸石制备的无机矿物吸附剂可提高对水体中SO42-的吸附能力;对于500 mg/L的原水,吸附剂用量为15 g/L、吸附液pH=5~7、吸附温度为30℃和吸附时间为2 h时,吸附剂对SO42-的吸附去除率可达到65.2%;吸附SO42-后的吸附剂可采用饱和氯化钠溶液有效再生。     

硫酸盐还原菌处理重金属铬离子废水的实验研究

以静态试验的方式,研究了硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)处理不同浓度的重金属铬离子废水,以及研究了对不同浓度铬离子废水处理不同时间后的各自处理效率,从而得到处理效率最佳的初始铬离子浓度和处理时间。结果表明:当铬(Ⅵ)离子废水初始浓度为50 mg/L到100 mg/L时,SRB菌对铬(Ⅵ)离子废水的处理效率最好,达到99.62%和99.74%;并且较为经济的最佳处理时间为1 h。     

铁碳微电解协同过硫酸盐深度处理焦化废水

文章分析了铁碳微电解协同过硫酸盐处理焦化废水过程中，过硫酸盐（PS）投加量、铁碳质量比、铁碳总投加量、反应时间、初始p H等因素对处理效果的影响，结果表明：反应时间为150 min,PS投加量为10 mmol/L,m(Fe0)∶m(AC)=3∶2，铁碳总投加量为0.125 g,pH为6～7的条件下，COD的去除效果较好，最大去除率可达78.68%，能够实现焦化废水的深度处理。     

Acid Black 48 dye biosorption using Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized with treated sugarcane bagasse

The textile industry consumes large quantities of water and chemicals, especially in dyeing and finishing processes. Textile dye adsorption can be accomplished with natural or synthetic compounds. Cell immobilization using biomaterials allows the reduction of toxicity and mechanical resistance and opens spaces within the matrix for cell growth. The use of natural materials, such as sugarcane bagasse, is promising due to the low costs involved. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of sugarcane bagasse treated with either polyethyleneimine (PEI), NaOH or distilled water in the cell immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for textile dye removal. Three different adsorption tests were conducted: treated sugarcane bagasse alone, free yeast cells and bagasse-immobilized yeast cells. Yeast immobilization was 31.34% with PEI-treated bagasse, 8.56% with distilled water and 22.54% with NaOH. PEI-treated bagasse exhibited the best removal rates of the dye at all pH values studied (2.50, 4.50 and 6.50). The best Acid Black 48 adsorption rates were obtained with use of free yeast cells. At pH 2.50, 1 mg of free yeast cells was able to remove 5488.49 g of the dye. The lowest adsorption capacity rates were obtained using treated bagasse alone. However, the use of bagasse-immobilized cells increased adsorption efficiency from 20 to 40%. The use of immobilized cells in textile dye removal is very attractive due to adsorbed dye precipitation, which eliminates the industrial need for centrifugation processes. Dye adsorption using only yeast cells or sugarcane bagasse requires separation methods.     

Interactions between filamentous sulfur bacteria,sulfate reducing bacteria and poly-P accumulating bacteria in anaerobic-oxic activated sludge from a municipal plant

The interactions between filamentous sulfur bacteria (FSB), sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and poly-P accumulating bacteria (PAB) in the activated sludge of a municipal plant operated under anaerobic-oxic conditions were examined in batch experiments using return sludge (RAS) and settled sewage. Phosphate release and sulfate reduction occurred simultaneously under anaerobic conditions. SRB were more sensitive to temperature changes than PAB. SRB played an important role in the decomposition of propionate to acetate. When the sulfate reduction rates were high, there was a tendency for the maximum release of phosphate also to be high. This was explained by the fact that PAB utilized the acetate produced by SRB. Sulfur oxidizing bacteria were sensitive to temperature change. When the sulfate reduction rate was high, the sulfide oxidizing rate was also high and filamentous bulking occurred. The results showed that sulfate reduction was a cause of filamentous bulking due to Type 021N that could utilize reduced sulfur.     

Effects of ORP, recycling rate, and HRT on simultaneous sulfate reduction and sulfur production in expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors under micro-aerobic conditions for treating molasses distillery wastewater

An expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor was adopted to incubate the sludge biogranule that could simultaneously achieve sulfate reduction and sulfide reoxidization to elemental sulfur for treating molasses distillery wastewater. The EGSB reactor was operated for 175 days at 35 °C with a pH value of 7.0, chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rate of 4.8 kg COD/(m3 d), and sulfate loading rate of 0.384 kg SO(4)(2-)/(m3 d). The optimal operation parameters, including the oxidation reduction potential (ORP), recycling rate, and hydraulic retention time (HRT), were established to obtain stable and acceptable removal efficiencies of COD, sulfate, and higher elemental sulfur production. With an ORP of -440 mV, a recycling rate of 300%, and HRT of 15 h, the COD and sulfate removal efficiencies were 73.4 and 61.3%, respectively. The elemental sulfur production ratio reached 30.1% when the elemental sulfur concentration in the effluent was 48.1 mg/L. The performance results were also confirmed by the mass balance calculation of sulfate, sulfide, and elemental sulfur over the EGSB reactor.     

两段ABR—A/O工艺在高浓度硫酸盐制药废水处理中的应用

在高浓度硫酸盐制药废水的厌氧处理中,硫酸盐还原菌通过竞争性与非竞争性抑制影响产甲烷菌的活性和生长率。采用两段ABR-A/O组合工艺处理含高浓度硫酸盐制药废水。结果表明:系统稳定运行后,进水CODCr为10500～15000mg/L,SO42-为1000～1500mg/L时,CODCr、SO42-去除率分别达到98%和92%,出水各项指标均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)二级标准。     

High-rate sulphidogenic fluidised-bed treatment of metal-containing wastewater at high temperature.

The applicability of fluidised-bed reactor (FBR) based sulphate reducing bioprocess was investigated for the treatment of iron containing (40-90 mg/L) acidic wastewater at 65 degrees C. The FBR was inoculated with sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) originally enriched from a hot mining environment. Ethanol or acetate was supplemented as carbon and electron source for the SRB. A rapid startup with 99.9, 46 and 29% ethanol, sulphate and acetate removals, in respective order, was observed even after 6 days. Iron was almost completely removed with a rate of 90 mg/L.d. The feed pH was decreased gradually from its initial value of 6 to around 3.7 during 100 days of operation. The wastewater pH of 4.3-4.4 was neutralised by the alkalinity produced in acetate oxidation and the average effluent pH was 7.8 +/- 0.8. Although ethanol removal was complete, acetate accumulated. Later the FBR was fed with acetate only. Although acetate was present in the reactor for 295 days, its oxidation rates did not improve, which may be due to low growth rate and poor attachment ability of acetate oxidising SRB. Hence, the oxidation of acetate is the rate limiting step in the sulphidogenic ethanol oxidation by the thermophilic SRB.     

Simultaneous removal of ammonium-nitrogen and sulphate from wastewaters with an anaerobic attached-growth bioreactor.

Some industrial wastewaters may contain ammonium-nitrogen and/or sulphate, which need to be removed before their discharge into natural water bodies to eliminate their severe pollution. In this paper, simultaneous removal of ammonium-nitrogen and sulphate with an anaerobic attached-growth bioreactor of 3.8 L incubated with sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) was investigated. Artificial wastewater containing sodium sulphate as electron acceptor, ammonium chlorine as electron donor and glucose as carbon source for bacteria growth was used as the feed for the bioreactor. The loading rates of ammonium-nitrogen, sulphate and COD were 2.08 gN/m3 x d, 2.38 gS/m3 x d, 104.17 gCOD/m3 x d, respectively, with a N/S ratio of 1:1.14. The results demonstrated that removal rates of ammonium-nitrogen, sulphate and COD could reach 43.35%, 58.74% and 91.34%, respectively. Meanwhile, sulphur production was observed in effluent as well as molecular nitrogen in biogas, whose amounts increased with time substantially, suggesting the occurrence of simultaneous removal of ammonium-nitrogen and sulphate. This novel reaction provided the possibility to eliminate ammonium-nitrogen and sulphate simultaneously with accomplishment of COD removal from wastewater, making wastewater treatment more economical and sustainable.     

Biofilm development during the start-up of a sulfate-reducing down-flow fluidized bed reactor at different COD/SO4(2-) ratios and HRT

In sulfate-reducing reactors, it has been reported that the sulfate removal efficiency increases when the COD/SO4(2-) ratio is increased. The start-up of a down-flow fluidized bed reactor constitutes an important step to establish a microbial community in the biofilm able to survive under the operational bioreactor conditions in order to achieve effective removal of both sulfate and organic matter. In this work the influence of COD/SO4(2-) ratio and HRT in the development of a biofilm during reactor start-up (35 days) was studied. The reactor was inoculated with 1.6 g VSS/L of granular sludge, ground low density polyethylene was used as support material; the feed consisted of mineral medium at pH 5.5 containing 1 g COD/L (acetate:lactate, 70:30) and sodium sulfate. Four experiments were conducted at HRT of 1 or 2 days and COD/SO4(2-) ratio of 0.67 or 2.5. The results obtained indicated that a COD/SO4(2-) ratio of 2.5 and HRT 2 days allowed high sulfate and COD removal (66.1 and 69.8%, respectively), whereas maximum amount of attached biomass (1.9 g SVI/L support) and highest sulfate reducing biofilm activity (10.1 g COD-H2S/g VSS-d) was achieved at HRT of 1 day and at COD/sulfate ratios of 0.67 and 2.5, respectively, which suggests that suspended biomass also played a key role in the performance of the reactors.     

混凝气浮处理蛋白质和乳脂的试验

研究pH值、硫酸铝钾用量、十二烷基硫酸钠用量、接触反应时间对混凝气浮处理蛋白质和乳脂的影响,并对比混凝气浮和混凝沉淀2种工艺处理蛋白质和乳脂的效果。试验表明,pH值、混凝剂用量、浮选剂用量及接触反应时间对蛋白质和乳脂的去除效果都有较大影响。当pH值为8、混凝剂用量为222 mg/L、浮选剂用量为6mg/L、接触反应时间为5min时,混凝气浮对蛋白质和乳脂这2种有机物的去除率可达66%,气浮可进一步去除沉淀未能去除的细小悬浮颗粒。