接枝型抗菌合成纤维的制备、结构与性能

合成了多种接枝型抗菌合成纤维,并测定了它们的抗菌消臭性能。结果表明：聚乙烯醇纤维、聚丙烯纤维经接枝改性功能化后,其对不同菌类具备优异的杀菌活性,并且具有抗菌广谱,作用时间持久和效率高等特点,拓宽了其应用的领域。     

Synthesis and characterization of Na‐alginate/acrylamide hydrogel and its application in dye removal

Sodium‐alginate/acrylamide (Na‐alginate/AAm) cross‐linked hydrogel was prepared by using gamma irradiation. The gel content and the water absorbency behavior of the obtained hydrogel were investigated. The thermal and morphological properties of the prepared hydrogel were studied using thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The thermal stability of Na‐alginate significantly changed when mixed with AAm. The adsorption of basic violet 7 dye on the prepared hydrogel was studied under different experimental conditions. The adsorption process for the basic dye was proven pH dependent. The maximum amount adsorbed (mg/g) of the Na‐alginate/AAm for the dye was found to be 78.1.0 mg/g at pH 9.0. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Microwave irradiated synthesis of grafted cationic starch: Synthesis,characterization, application,and biodegradation

A biodegradable copolymer was synthesized by grafting copolymerization of acrylamide, β‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and n‐butyl acrylate onto corn cationic starch (CS) by microwave irradiation. The grafted cationic starch (GCS) was characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The optimum conditions on graft copolymerization with respect to reaction temperature, exposure time, and initiator concentration were investigated. Physicochemical properties of GCS, such as swelling power, solubility, intrinsic viscosity, and apparent viscosity, were studied, and its application performances as textile sizing agent were tested. Results showed that compared with CS, physicochemical properties of GCS were significantly improved, including decreased crystallinity, weakened granular, increased hydration capacity, and rheological property. Polyester/cotton blended yarns sized with GCS obtained more reinforced mechanical properties than samples sized with CS and exhibited higher tensile strength and abrasion resistance than polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sized yarns. The mechanisms that the starch physicochemical properties affected on the sizing performances were discussed as well. Biodegradation analysis on these sizing agents showed that BOD₅/COD_cr of GCS was 0.263, which outclasses that of PVA (BOD₅/COD_cr = 0.009). This novel biomaterial could be expected to have promising applications especially in textile industry and be an ideal substitute for PVA. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1645–1652, 2013     

阳离子荧光染料的合成及其性能研究

合成了一种新型双阳离子型荧光染料—反,反-1,4-双{2-[4-(N-乙基)溴化吡啶基]乙烯基}苯(DPPB),采用红外光谱和核磁共振谱仪对其进行了结构表征,通过染色实验研究其在腈纶织物上的染色性能及色牢度,同时研究了其单光子荧光性能。结果表明,DPPB的荧光性能良好,在腈纶织物上有良好的染色性能,所染织物具有蓝绿色荧光效果。     

阳离子淀粉染料吸附材料的制备及表征

以玉米淀粉为原料,以3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵（CHPTMAC）为阳离子醚化剂,以NaOH为催化剂,制备了天然高分子多糖基染料吸附剂阳离子淀粉（CS）,用于对活性染料的吸附。对醚化反应机理进行了系统研究,并考察了反应条件对CS取代度（DS）及反应效率（RE）的影响。采用RAM、XRD、SEM对产物进行表征。吸附实验表明,当DS为0.12,染料溶液pH为8时,CS对活性红195、活性金黄K-2RA的吸附量分别为21.0和20.4 mg·g^-1,去除率可达84.1%和81.6%,好于无机吸附材料活性炭。还进行了CS染料吸附材料的再生实验,4次再生后仍有较高的吸附量,表明CS染料吸附材料具有较强的可再生性能,可循环使用。该天然基染料吸附剂CS有望成为无机吸附剂及合成树脂吸附剂的理想替代品,用于工业染料废水的处理中。     

丙烯酸接枝丁苯胶乳的合成和性能研究

在空气和室温条件下采用氧化-还原引发体系合成丙烯酸接枝丁苯胶乳，对影响丙烯酸接枝率R的因素。接枝胶乳结构及聚已内酰胺（PA-6）/丙烯酸接枝丁苯橡胶（SBR-g-AA)共混物性能进行了探讨，试验得出，各因素对R影响的大小顺序为：引发剂（叔丁基过氧化氢和四亚乙基五胺）质量分数，丙烯酸质量分数，反应时间，接枝后丁苯胶乳粒径稍有增大且分布变宽；SBR-g-AA可改善PA-6的冲击强度和拉伸强度。     

Synthesis and characterization of lactobionic acid grafted pegylated chitosan and nanoparticle complex application

A series of chemical modifications of chitosan were conducted by grafting a hydrophilic methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) and a target sugar molecule lactobionic acid (LA). The MPEG was grafted onto C6-OH position of chitosan, and the grafting degree was reduced for chitosan with high degree of depolymerization. The lactobionic acid was proposed to graft onto C2-NH₂ position of chitosan. The LA grafting ratio was dependent on pegylation degree of chitosan, where the flexibility and shielding effect of MPEG hindered LA grafting onto chitosan. The lactobionic acid grafted pegylated chitosan, DADP-CS-(O-MPEG)-(N-LA), successfully provoked DNA condensation into nanoparticle complexes due to electrostatic compaction. The presence of MPEG on DADP-CS-(O-MPEG)-(N-LA) played an important role on preventing nanoparticle aggregation.     

Synthesis and characterization of multi-site phase transfer catalyst: application in radical polymerisation of acrylonitrile – a kinetic study

The multi-sited phase transfer radical polymerisation of acrylonitrile (AN) with newly synthesized and characterized 1, 4-Bis (tributyl methyl ammonium) benzene dichloride (MPTC) was investigated in K₂S₂O₈ aqueous-organic two phase system at 60 ± 1 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. The role of concentrations of monomer, initiator, catalyst, temperature, acid and ionic strength on the rate of polymerisation (Rp) was ascertained. The order with respect to monomer, initiator and multi-site phase transfer catalyst were found to be 0.5, 1.0 and 0.5, respectively. A suitable kinetic scheme has been proposed to account for experimental observations and its significance. The prepared polymer was characterized by FT-IR and XRD analysis.     

Synthesis of functionalized PET fibers by grafting and modification and their application for Cr(VI) ion removal

A new fiber adsorbent for removing Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution was prepared by grafting and modification. The grafted fiber and modified fiber were characterized by SEM, FTIR, and TGA. FTIR analysis indicated that acrylonitrile monomer was grafted onto the PET surface and that new groups were present on the surface after the modification. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the PET fiber was wider after grafting and especially modification. The TGA results showed that the degradation steps and the thermal behavior of the PET fiber changed after modification. The effects of the pH, ion concentration, and temperature on the amount of Cr(VI) adsorbed were investigated. The fiber showed its maximum adsorption capacity in acidic medium. Isotherm studies indicated that the experimental results were best fitted to the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption capacity of the modified fiber was found to be 25.77, 38.17, and 44.84 mg/g fiber at 25, 35, and 45 °C, respectively. Kinetic results indicated that the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto the modified fiber followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Calculated thermodynamic parameters demonstrated that the adsorption of Cr(VI) ions on the modified fiber is an endothermic, feasible, and spontaneous process.     

Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile and its binary mixture with 4-vinyl pyridine onto isotactic polypropylene powder by preirradiation method

Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) and its binary mixture with 4-vinyl pyridine (4-VP) onto isotactic polypropylene powder in aqueous medium, using γ-rays as an initiator, was studied. Optimum conditions for affording maximum percentage of grafting were evaluated. Rate of grafting (Rg) of AN and binary mixture (4-VP + AN) was determined as a function of total initial monomer concentrations. The graft copolymers were characterized by IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Synthesis and characterization of star-like microgels by one-pot free radical polymerization

A one-pot free radical polymerization process was used to prepare methyl acrylate/ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (MA/EGDMA) and methyl methacrylate/ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (MMA/EGDMA) polymers. The role of monomer and crosslinker reactivity ratios in producing different network structures was demonstrated. While both systems produced branched polymers that exhibited low intrinsic viscosities with little variation across a wide range of molecular weights, the star-like microgels formed between a less reactive monomer (MA) with a more reactive crosslinker (EGDMA) gave lower bulk solution viscosities than the more statistical polymers formed between similarly reactive monomers and crosslinkers (MMA and EGDMA). This paper presented a simple and cost-effective synthetic route for the production of polymers with high molecular weight and low viscosity with considerable potential for industrial-scale processing.     

Synthesis and characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles by using new shape controllers and its application in dye sensitized solar cells

Nanoparticulated TiO₂ materials with anatase structure were synthesized by using two step hydrothermal method and using amine ligands as shape controllers. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV–vis spectroscopy. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) employing these materials achieved conversion efficiencies as high as 2.61% for smallest nanoparticles that was resulted of an effective shape controller.     

Synthesis of cationic polymeric adsorbent and dye removal isotherm,kinetic and thermodynamic

Poly(quaternary ammonium salt) (PQAS) as a cationic polymeric adsorbent was synthesized and characterized by FTIR. Isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic of dye removal from single and binary systems was investigated. Acid Blue 25 (AB25) and Acid Red 18 (AR18) were used. The effect of operational parameters (adsorbent dose, pH, dye concentration and salt) on dye removal was studied. The dye removal followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-first order kinetics. The adsorbent maximum dye adsorption capacity (Q₀) was 2000 and 1667 mg/g for AB25 and AR18, respectively. The thermodynamic data showed that dye adsorption was spontaneous, endothermic, and a physisorption reaction.     

Enhancing the adsorption affinity of cellulose acetate film toward cationic dye by incorporating Cloisite 30B grafted with polyacrylic acid

Cellulose acetate (CA) is known for its low adsorption affinity toward dyes, hence this study aims to improve its adsorption affinity toward cationic dyes by introducing Cloisite 30B grafted with polyacrylic acid (C30B-g-PAA). C30B-g-PAA was synthesized by grafting polyacrylic acid (PAA) onto Cloisite 30B (C30B) using in-situ reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Different weight ratios of unmodified (raw) and modified (C30B-g-PAA) C30B (0, 25, and 50 wt%) were incorporated into CA matrices to prepare a series of CA nanocomposite films. The results showed that the adsorption affinity of the prepared nanocomposite films increased toward cationic methylene blue (MB) dye with incorporating either unmodified or modified C30B, but a significant improvement was observed with the incorporating C30B-g-PAA with a maximum adsorption capacity of 53 mg/g for a load of 50 wt%. This indicates that the surface modification of C30B with PAA was effective in enhancing the adsorption efficacy of CA. The kinetic and isotherm studies showed that the adsorption behavior of CA nanocomposite film with 50 wt% of C30B-g-PAA followed pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isothermal model. Regeneration study showed good reusability of CA nanocomposite film with 50 wt% of C30B-g-PAA. These results demonstrate that the nanocomposite film with 50 wt% of C30B-g-PAA can be used as a highly efficient, easy to separate, and reusable adsorbent material to remove MB dye from wastewater.     

Chemical modification of polypropylene fibers grafted vinyl imidazole/acrylonitrile copolymer prepared by gamma radiation and its possible use for the removal of some heavy metal ions

The chemical modification of polypropylene (PP) fibers by graft copolymerization with vinylimidazole (VIm) and acrylonitrile (AN) was carried out using γ‐radiation. Preparation conditions, such as irradiation dose, comonomer concentration and composition and type of solvent, affecting the degree of grafting were investigated. The suitable diluent for obtaining reasonable graft VIm/AN copolymer yield was acetone. The higher grafted yield was achieved by increasing the amount of vinylimidazole in comonomer feed solution as well as irradiation dose. The derivatives of PP‐g‐P(VIm/AN) grafted fibers of different functional groups were obtained by treating the grafted fibers with various organic reagents containing reactive amino groups, such as sulpha‐drug compounds, aliphatic‐ and aromatic amines. Characterization of the obtained graft copolymers and their chemical treatments with different amines was also investigated. It was observed that the nitrile group in PP‐g‐P(VIm/AN) polymer undergoes simple addition reaction via nucleophilic interaction mechanism to produce the corresponding PP‐graft‐P(vinylimidazole/acrylomidine) derivatives. The ability of the grafted fibers and their treated forms to absorb some metal ions as Cd, Hg, and Pb from their individual and mixture solutions was evaluated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009.     

Synthesis and characterization of a hyperbranched polyol with long flexible chains and its application in cationic UV curing

A hyperbranched polyol with long flexible chains on the molecule surface was synthesized and characterized. The effect of the hyperbranched polyol as flexibilizer and chain‐transfer agent on cationic UV curing was investigated. It was found the hyperbranched polyol could markedly improve the mechanical properties of cured film. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1353–1356, 2000     

Synthesis and characterization of hydrogenated sorbic acid grafted dicyclopentadiene tackifier

Hydrocarbon resins, which are defined as low molecular weight, amorphous, and thermoplastic polymers, are widely used as tackifier for various types of adhesives, as processing aids in rubber compounds, and as modifiers for paint and ink products, and for plastics polymers such as isotactic polypropylene. Typically, hydrocarbon resins are non-polar, and thus highly compatible with non-polar rubbers and polymer. However, they are poorly compatible with polar system, such as acrylic copolymer, polyurethanes, and polyamides. Moreover, recently the raw materials of tackifier from naphtha cracking had been decreased because of light feed cracking such as gas cracking. To overcome this problem, in this study, novel hydrocarbon resins were designed to have a highly polar chemical structure. And, it was synthesized by Diels–Alder reaction of dicyclopentadiene monomer and sorbic acid from blueberry as renewable resources. Acrylic resins were formulated with various tackifiers solution including hydrogenated sorbic acid grafted dicyclopentadiene tackifier in acrylic adhesive and rolling ball tack, loop tack, 180° peel adhesion strength, and shear adhesion strength were measured. The properties depend on the softening point and polar content of tackifiers.     

阳离子单体及其聚合物的合成表征

合成了阳离子单体甲基丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基丁基溴化铵(DMB),将DMB与丙烯酰胺(AM)共聚制备了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺,并用IR,NMR对其结构进行了表征。     

MXene@CS复合絮凝剂的制备及其对刚果红去除的研究

壳聚糖（CS）因具有大量的羟基和氨基,可为吸附色素污染物提供较多活性位点,但其在酸性条件易于溶解。MXene可为CS提供支撑位点,从而构建新型MXene@CS复合材料。研究构建了新型Ti₃C₂T_X@CS有机无机复合材料,并应用于刚果红的去除研究。通过对Ti₃C₂T_X@CS的微观形貌、晶体结构、表面官能团等进行表征分析,发现Ti₃C₂T_X@CS的复合过程为物理复合。絮凝实验结果表明：在Ti₃C₂T_X@CS投加量为30 mg、溶液pH为9、反应时间为30 min、温度为25~60 ℃条件下,Ti₃C₂T_X@CS对50 mL质量浓度为500 mg/L刚果红（CR）溶液的脱色率达到99%以上。通过实验结果和反应前后Ti₃C₂T_X@CS电位变化推断,Ti₃C₂T_X@CS对刚果红的去除机理主要是电中和作用和吸附架桥作用。     

Synthesis and characterization of radiation grafted copolymer for removal of nonionic organic contaminants

Nonionic organic contaminants such as phenol, benzene, and toluene from contaminated wastewater on laboratory scale can be effectively sorbed by cellulosic wood pulp sheet incorporated with three polar functional groups. The synthesis was carried out by graft copolymerization reaction of N,N‐dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate with methacrylic acid onto wood pulp. The preparation conditions at which the grafting process proceeds homogeneously are determined. Characterization and some selected properties of the original and grafted wood pulp were evaluated using FTIR and scanning electron microscope, also, the removal of phenol, benzene, and toluene on laboratory scale was investigated by using gas chromatography. It was found that phenol shows the highest removal percent than that of benzene and toluene. The efficiency of removal of the nonionic contaminants is found to be 97%, which shows a great promise for its applicability in the removal of organic contaminates from wastewater. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3589–3595, 2006