硅藻土附载丁香酚缓释对草莓的保鲜作用

采用不同质量附载丁香酚的硅藻土对草莓进行保鲜处理,在4℃条件下贮藏,研究贮藏期间草莓品质的变化。结果表明:在4℃贮藏条件下,1 g～7 g质量的丁香酚/硅藻土均能达到保鲜效果,但其中3 g质量的丁香酚/硅藻土效果最好,能显著抑制草莓的腐烂和质量损失,降低草莓可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和Vc含量的下降速率,还能延缓果实表层及果肉硬度的下降,抑制抗氧化酶活性的下降以及MDA积累,使其维持较好的感官品质,且无不良气味产生;在贮藏9 d时,空白腐烂率达到50%,而经质量3 g的丁香酚/硅藻土缓释处理的草莓在贮藏15 d时,腐烂率仅42.51%,能延长5 d的贮藏期,此时草莓的失重率1.25%,可溶性固形物含量为4.45%,可滴定酸和Vc含量分别为0.91%和34.56 mg/100 g,MDA含量为29.21 nmol/g,SOD和POD活性分别为334.15 U/mL和0.67 U/mg,草莓表层硬度和果肉硬度分别为69.20%和67.17 g。由此可见,硅藻土附载丁香酚缓释处理对草莓具有一定的保鲜作用,其中,3 g丁香酚/硅藻土效果最佳。     

不同保鲜剂对蓝莓保鲜效果的比较

为了延长蓝莓的贮藏期,本研究以蓝莓为原料,研究了丁香酚缓释保鲜、丁香提取液、乙醇熏蒸、气调保鲜、丁香酚缓释结合气调保鲜5种不同保鲜剂对其贮藏期品质的影响。结果显示,这5种保鲜剂能显著抑制蓝莓果实腐烂和质量损失率,有效缓解可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、还原糖、Vc含量的降低,抑制MDA含量的上升,同时,可使蓝莓果实保持较高的SOD活力。贮藏49 d时,经丁香酚缓释结合气调包装的蓝莓腐烂率和失重率分别为50.13%和2.71%,可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、还原糖、Vc、花色苷含量分别为7.06%、7.26 g/kg、4.14 g/100 g、0.93 g/100 g和117.48 mg/100 g,MDA含量为26.84 nmol/g,SOD活力为176.34 U/mL。与对照组相比,丁香酚缓释结合气调包装能延长蓝莓14 d贮藏期。结果表明,5种保鲜处理对蓝莓具有一定的保鲜作用,其中丁香酚缓释结合气调包装保鲜方式最好。     

不同包装结合硅藻土附载丁香酚缓释对草莓贮藏品质的影响

采用聚乙烯（polyethylene,PE）、聚偏二氯乙烯（polyvinylidene chloride,PVDC）、低密度聚乙烯（low-density polyethylene,LDPE）、线性低密度聚乙烯（linear low-density polyethylene,L-LDPE）4 种不同材质的保鲜膜以及气调包装结合硅藻土附载丁香酚缓释处理对草莓进行包装处理,研究草莓4 ℃贮藏期间品质的变化。结果表明：不同保鲜膜以及气调结合丁香酚缓释处理能不同程度地抑制草莓腐烂以及质量的损失,延缓可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、还原糖以及VC的流失,抑制丙二醛含量的上升以及超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活力的下降;其中以气调包装结合丁香酚缓释处理效果最佳,PVDC结合丁香酚缓释处理其次,其能将草莓货架期分别延长至15 d和12 d。本实验结果可为草莓的保鲜提供参考。     

Nisin在草莓保鲜中的应用研究

研究Nisin对草莓保鲜的影响.使用浓度为0.1,0.2,0.3 g/kg的Nisin悬浮液喷洒的草莓,对贮藏期间草莓的腐烂率、失重率、可滴定酸含量、Vc的含量进行测定.结果表明:保鲜箱中喷洒0.1 g/kg Nisin的草莓保鲜效果最好,将其放置6 d后腐败率为40%,重量损失率达到24%,Vc的损失率小于10%、总酸含量为原始含量的75%.说明使用Nisin对草莓进行保鲜能保持其光鲜的色泽和Vc、可滴定酸等营养成分.     

蜂胶提取物对草莓室温保鲜效果的研究

为研究蜂胶乙醇提取物对草莓室温下的保鲜作用,以1%、2%、4%、6%浓度的蜂胶提取物作为保鲜剂,对草莓进行涂膜并在室温(24.5℃±)条件下贮藏,对不同涂膜处理后的草莓进行硬度、呼吸强度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、Vc含量、失重率、腐烂率等生理指标的测定。结果表明:在室温(24.5℃±)条件下,2%蜂胶提取物可以显著降低果实的呼吸强度、失重率和腐烂率,有效保持果实硬度,延缓可溶性固形物的降解,延缓果实可滴定酸和Vc含量的下降速度,维持果实原有品质,延缓果实成熟衰老。     

银杏叶提取物/阿拉伯胶复合涂膜对草莓保鲜效果的影响

本研究采用不同浓度（0.25、0.50、0.75 mg/mL）的银杏叶提取物（Ginkgo biloba leaves extracts,GBLE）与100 mg/mL阿拉伯胶（gum arabic,GA）复合配制保鲜液，通过测定贮藏期间草莓感官品质、失重率、可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物含量、Vc含量、硬度、腐烂率以及丙二醛含量的变化，探究GA-GBLE复合涂膜对草莓果实的保鲜效果。研究表明：单一GA涂膜和GA-GBLE复合涂膜较CK组相比对草莓保鲜效果均有显著性差异，均能显著的延缓草莓果实的感官品质、可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物含量、Vc含量和硬度的下降，有效缓解失重率、腐烂率、丙二醛含量的上升。其中GA-GBLE复合涂膜液保鲜效果优于单一GA涂膜，且GA-0.50 mg/mL GBLE复合涂膜液保鲜效果最佳，可有效延缓草莓的贮藏期。因此，阿拉伯胶/银杏叶提取物复合涂膜作为保鲜剂，在果蔬贮藏保鲜方面具有一定的参考价值。     

壳聚糖复合涂膜对草莓保鲜的影响

迷迭香提取物、CaCl2、亚硫酸钠分别与壳聚糖复配涂膜研究草莓的贮藏保鲜技术,通过测定贮藏过程中草莓果实的营养成分、感官品质等指标,探究草莓在低温冷藏条件下的成熟衰老过程和不同保鲜剂处理对草莓贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:壳聚糖复配迷迭香提取物和壳聚糖复合CaCl2涂膜保鲜液均可显著地(P<0.05)减缓草莓的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、Vc、还原糖含量的下降,抑制草莓细胞膜渗透率变化和果实的腐烂软化,保持草莓的硬度等贮藏品质。亚硫酸钠-壳聚糖处理可维持草莓的还原糖含量,延缓可滴定酸和Vc含量的下降。其中,1.5%壳聚糖+0.3%迷迭香提取物溶液浸渍涂膜5 min保鲜草莓效果最好,1.5%壳聚糖+2.0%CaCl2溶液浸渍涂膜5 min次之。     

海藻酸钠复合涂膜对贡柑保鲜效果的影响

以海藻酸钠、壳聚糖和尼泊金复合酯为涂膜材料,采用不同涂膜液对新鲜贡柑进行涂膜保鲜,通过测定其感官评价、VC含量、失重率、可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、过氧化酶(POD)活性等指标进行评定。结果表明,经1%海藻酸钠+0.3%尼泊金复合酯涂膜处理过的贡柑保鲜效果最优,贮藏第35天时,其感官评价5.7分、失重率10.111%、可溶性糖含量8.208%、可滴定酸含量0.367%、VC含量31.301 mg/100 g、可溶性固形物含量10.27%、POD活性0.680 U/g,能较好保持其营养成分,延长货架期。     

不同成熟度红毛丹果实果肉品质特性及抗氧化活性比较

以海南"保研-7号"红毛丹果实为实验原料,在其成熟度分别为三、五、七和十成熟(或称为成熟度30%、50%、70%和100%)时采摘;测定了上述红毛丹果实果肉品质及抗氧化活性指标,包括可溶性固形物(TSS)、可滴定酸(TA)、还原糖、还原型抗坏血酸(As A)及总抗氧化能力、羟自由基(·OH)清除能力、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)等酶活性,以评估成熟度对红毛丹果实果肉品质及抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明:七成熟时,TSS含量17.01%、As A含量278.13μg/g均最大、总抗氧化能力151.04 U/g、·OH清除能力79.16%、APX 1.31×104 nmol/(min·g)活性以及CAT 99.86 U/g活性最强,而TA含量最小0.53%、还原糖含量最低57.44 mg/g;而五成熟时,POD活性最大12.22 U/g而PPO活性最小7.33 U/g。综上,不同成熟度的红毛丹果实果肉品质及抗氧化能力存在显著差异;七成熟为海南"保研-7号"红毛丹果实的适宜采收期。本研究结果能为红毛丹采后商品化处理技术体系的完善及贮运保鲜中的品质保持提供理论和技术依据。     

硅藻土附载植物精油缓释对树莓保鲜作用

为了延长树莓的贮藏时间和维持果实品质,采用丁香酚、香芹酚和芳樟醇3种植物精油附载硅藻土缓释对树莓进行保鲜处理,在4℃条件下贮藏27 d,每3 d测定缓释保鲜剂对树莓腐烂率、质量损失率和营养成分以及抗氧化酶等的影响.结果表明:与空白组相比,3种植物精油缓释保鲜处理处理均有效降低树莓的腐烂率、质量损失率,减缓树莓的可溶性固...     

不同保鲜剂对桑葚贮藏期间品质的影响

为了提高桑葚的贮藏品质,以大蒜提取液、壳聚糖进行涂膜,芳樟醇、香芹酚、丁香酚和1-MCP(1-甲基环丙烯)作为缓释保鲜剂对桑葚进行处理,研究其贮藏期品质的变化。实验结果表明:随着贮藏时间的延长,桑葚的营养成分和感官品质逐渐下降,经六种保鲜剂处理的桑葚可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、还原糖和Vc等营养成分显著高于对照组(p0.05),且能有效降低桑葚的腐烂率和失重率,抑制丙二醛(MDA)的上升,延缓多酚氧化酶(POD)和超氧化物气化酶(SOD)活性的降低。其中,经芳樟醇缓释处理的桑葚在贮藏期(9 d)内,腐烂率、失重率、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、Vc含量和丙二醛(MDA)以及多酚氧化酶(POD)和超氧化物气化酶(SOD)活性等品质指标均优于其他保鲜剂,能最大程度抑制桑葚的腐败变质。     

草莓保鲜剂的开发研究

目的 探讨不同类型保鲜剂对草莓采摘后的保鲜效果。方法 将草莓置于蒸馏水、生姜提取液、甘草-壳聚糖溶液中浸泡1 min, 探讨保鲜剂对草莓感官、营养、生化指标等的影响。结果 与对照组相比, 2种保鲜剂都能显著抑制草莓失重、腐烂, 也能延缓维生素C和可滴定酸含量下降, 抑制超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性损失, 但甘草-壳聚糖保鲜效果更好。贮藏6 d后, 甘草-壳聚糖组比空白对照组可滴定酸含量高72.90%, 维生素C含量高93.79%, 过氧化物酶活性高233.01%, 超氧化物歧化酶活性高187.47%。结论 甘草-壳聚糖作为保鲜剂, 能有效地延长草莓贮藏期。     

Effect of Nano-Packing on Preservation Quality of Fresh Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch. cv Fengxiang) during Storage at 4 °C

ABSTRACT: A novel nano-packing material with lower relative humidity, oxygen transmission rate and high longitudinal strength was synthesized by blending polyethylene with nano-powder (nano-Ag, kaolin, anatase TiO₂, rutile TiO₂), and its effect on preservation quality of strawberry fruits (Fragaria ananassa Duch. cv Fengxiang) was investigated during storage at 4 °C. Results showed that nano-packaging was able to maintain the sensory, physicochemical, and physiological quality of strawberry fruits at a higher level compared with the normal packing (polyethylene bags). After a 12-d storage, decreases in the contents of total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and ascorbic acid of nano-packing were significantly inhibited. Meanwhile, decay rate, anthocyanin, and malondialdehyde contents were decreased to 16.7%, 26.3 mg/100g, 66.3 μmol/g for nano-packing and 26.8%, 31.9 mg/100g, 75.4 μmol/g for normal packing; polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and pyrogallol peroxidase (POD) activities were significantly lower in nano-packing than the control. These data indicated that the nano-packaging might provide an attractive alternative to improve preservation quality of the strawberry fruits during extended storage. Practical Application: Nano-packing exhibited identified quality benefits applicable to the preservation of fresh strawberry. Furthermore, nano-packing has the advantages of simple processing and feasibility to be industrialized in contrast with other storages. Thus, the utilization of nano-packing will likely assist commercial producers and retailers in extending the shelf life of products over a broader range in the future.     

PHYSICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE U.S. STRAWBERRY CULTIVARS GROWN IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST

Totem, Shuksan, and Puget Reliance are the three predominant strawberry cultivars in the U.S. Northwest. Fruit shape and size, volume, density, porosity, specific gravity, moisture content, water activity, color, firmness, pH value, titratable acid, and mineral content were determined. The three cultivars had significantly different physical and physicochemical properties (P < 0.05). Shuksan had the largest volume, and lowest density and specific gravity. The soluble solids and texture of Puget Reliance were the highest among the three cultivars. Totem had the highest ratio of soluble solids to total acids (SS/TA). Despite these differences, all three strawberry cultivars had attractive color, a high SS/TA ratio, and thus, good commercial qualities. These strawberry cultivars were also excellent sources of manganese, ranging from about 19% to 21% DRI (Dietary Reference Intake) manganese in 100 g fresh strawberries.     

Bioactive compounds and quantification of total ellagic acid in strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)

Strawberries are one of the most popular edible fruits in Brazil and their consumption has increased with the development of new varieties available at almost all seasons. Fruit of seven full-ripened strawberry cultivars (Dover, Camp Dover, Camarosa, Sweet Charlie, Toyonoka, Oso Grande and Piedade) were characterized in relation to the total phenolics, vitamin C, flavonoids, free and total ellagic acid contents and antioxidant capacity. Camp Dover had the lowest values for anthocyanins and total phenolics but the highest total flavonoid content. Dover presented the highest anthocyanin, total phenolics and ellagic acid contents and also elevated antioxidant capacity. The best conditions for the determination of the total ellagic acid content in strawberries were also optimized and the results showed that the extraction with 80% acetone, and hydrolysis using 2 N TFA at 120 °C for 60 min allowed a 99% recovery.     

Physicochemical changes during strawberry development in the field compared with those that occur in harvested fruit during storage

‘Chandler’, ‘Oso Grande’ and ‘Sweet Charlie’ strawberry cultivars were harvested at four stages of color development ranging from color break to full red and stored in the dark for 8 days at 1 °C. Changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of fruit during storage were compared with those occurring during development in the field. Strawberry fruit harvested at the three‐quarters colored and full red stages continued their development and ripening during storage. However, fruit harvested at the color break and half‐colored stages did not develop like those ripened in the field. Strawberries harvested at the three‐quarters colored stage developed the same pH, acidity, soluble solids, ascorbic acid and total phenolics content during storage as the at‐harvest levels present in strawberries harvested at the full red stage. In addition, three‐quarters colored strawberries were as firm and red after storage as the full red stage fruit were at the time of harvest. Thus, strawberries harvested at the three‐quarters colored stage can be stored for a longer period than strawberries harvested full red while retaining better color and firmness. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

甲壳素纳米晶须/聚乳酸纳米纤维膜对草莓保鲜效果的影响

采用静电纺丝法,制备一种具有良好保鲜作用的甲壳素纳米晶须/聚乳酸(CNW/PLA)纳米纤维膜,分别用PE保鲜膜、纯PLA纳米纤维膜及CNW/PLA纳米纤维膜对草莓进行包装处理,并在贮藏期间,观察草莓的外观变化,测定其腐烂指数、失重率、可滴定酸含量及维生素C质量分数的变化来比较各种包装材料对草莓保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:CNW/PLA纳米纤维膜可在一定程度上延缓草莓的失重、抑制可滴定酸质量分数及维生素C质量分数的下降,具有显著的抗菌保鲜效果。