曲面积分求解椭圆模轴对称拔制

对模面曲线为椭圆的拔制圆棒问题设定了运动许可速度场，对该场以曲面积分确定了摩擦功率；以双剪应力屈服准则和变上限积分确定变形功率并得到拔制力的上界解析解。     

MY准则解析有外端的平锤头准三维锻造

采用Juneja速度场解析考虑外端影响的准三维平锤头锻造问题.为了对Mises屈服准则内部成形功率积分线性化,采用平均屈服准则(MY准则)得到了上界功率的解析解,并提出了鼓形参数a的测量公式与应力状态影响系数的计算公式.经纯铅试样的带外端压缩实验,在1≤b0/h0≤4范围内,应力状态系数nσ随b0/h0与摩擦因子m增加而增加;以MY准则计算的锻造力与实测结果进行了比较,误差在0.07%～15.2%,锻造力的计算结果高于实测结果.利用本文公式测量的鼓形参数a值小于优化的a值.     

等周长屈服准则求解三维锻压力

目的 获得三维锻压力的解析解。方法 用线性的等周长屈服准则对三维锻压过程进行了力学分析,先建立了一个考虑变形外端影响的运动许可速度场,再利用等周长屈服准则对该速度场进行分析,依次求出了内部变形功率、剪切功率、摩擦功率以及总功率。最终,根据上界定理,导出了锻压力的解析解。同时,为验证解析解的正确性,将其理论值与相应的纯铅压缩试验结果进行了比较。结果 对比表明,计算出的理论锻压力比实测值高,但二者的相对误差小于15%。结论 基于EP屈服准则和所提出的速度场得到的理论锻压力是可行的。     

广义分数阶van der Pol-Duffing振子的动力学响应与隔振效果研究

用平均法研究了含分数阶导数项的van der Pol-Duffing振子的动力学行为和力传递率.得到了主共振时振子的一阶解析解、定常解幅频曲线和相频曲线的解析表达式,进一步通过与数值解作对比,验证了解析解的正确性,分析了不同参数对幅频曲线和力传递率的影响.结果 表明:解析解与数值解吻合良好;在无量纲情况下,共振区分数阶...     

膨胀螺栓与混凝土拉拔力的测试和分析

叙述了膨胀螺栓与混凝土拉拔力的设计准则和试验方法,并对影响拉拔性能的因素进行了分析和评价。     

分数阶Duffing振子的亚谐共振

研究了含分数阶微分项的Duffing振子的亚谐共振,利用平均法得到了系统的一阶近似解。提出了亚谐共振时等效线性阻尼和等效线性刚度的概念,分析了分数阶微分项的系数和阶次对系统动力学特性的影响。建立了亚谐共振定常解的幅频曲线的解析表达式,并得到了亚谐共振周期响应的存在条件和稳定性判断准则。最后进行了数值解和解析解的比较,证明了解析结果的准确性,并通过数值仿真研究了分数阶微分项的参数对亚谐共振解的存在条件、稳定性条件和系统幅频曲线的影响。     

屈服准则对不锈钢弯管变形预测精度影响

通过XRD衍射及不同方向单向拉伸试验验证,经过多道次拉拔生产出的304奥氏体不锈钢管材存在有明显的各向异性现象.采用Mises各向同性、Hill1948和Barlat1991各向异性屈服准则对不锈钢弯管过程进行有限元模拟,分析弯曲后管材内外侧壁厚分布、弯曲角度及管坯截面椭圆度的变化规律,通过模拟与实验结果对比发现,当实验数据较少时,采用Hill1948各向异性屈服准则,能够很好预测304奥氏体不锈钢管材弯曲成形过程,而Barlat1991各向异性屈服准则中的一些参数经过近似后,对成形行为的预测精度明显降低.     

AZ31镁合金管材游动芯头拉拔有限元模拟

运用Deform软件模拟了AZ31镁合金管材游动芯头拉拔过程,并对比研究了模具锥角、定径带长度、变径带长度对拉拔管材成形性的影响。结果表明:在拉拔AZ31管材时,最大压应力出现在外模变径段与定径段过渡区,合适的模角配合不仅能降低拉拔力,还能提高尺寸精度。模具定径段长度对管材变形时的均匀性和拉拔力的影响较大,变径段长度对管材拉拔的影响较小。最终通过实验验证了模拟结果,制备出了尺寸精度高的AZ31镁合金管材。     

解析Poly6-I屈服准则对3104-H19铝合金拉深制耳预测的研究

目的 研究解析Poly6-I屈服准则预测具有高各向异性的3104-H19铝合金本构关系的能力,并将其应用于有限元仿真分析中,以实现对3104-H19铝合金拉深制耳的精确预测。方法 分析解析Poly6-I屈服准则的表达形式,减少计算参数所需的试验个数,并与经典的Yld2004-18p屈服准则进行对比,验证它对高各向异性力学性能预测的能力,将其嵌入到有限元软件中进行杯型件拉深制耳模拟,验证模型的精确性和有效性。结果 对于高各向异性材料,解析Poly6-I屈服准则所使用的试验个数可以减少到11,它预测的3104-H19铝合金屈服轨迹的各向异性系数曲线和单向拉伸曲线与Yld2004-18p屈服准则预测的结果基本相同,杯型件拉深有限元模拟结果与试验结果基本一致。结论 与Yld2004-18p屈服准则相比,考虑高各向异性特性的解析Poly6-I屈服准则所使用的试验数据更少,且无须使用优化软件求取参数,更为方便。解析Poly6-I屈服准则能精确地预测3104-H19铝合金材料在杯型件拉深试验中的制耳个数及杯型件杯壁的成形高度。     

钴基高温合金GH188板材的屈服行为研究

目的 研究钴基高温合金GH188板材在不同应力状态下的屈服行为,并确定适用的屈服准则,为工程应用提供科学指导。方法 通过开展不同方向的单向拉伸试验得到基本力学性能参数,以轧制方向为参考方向,利用其真实应力-应变曲线标定Ludwik本构模型参数;根据国际标准设计十字形试件,利用ABAQUS软件对其等双拉加载进行有限元仿真,然后基于设计的试样对GH188高温合金板料进行不同载荷比例下的双向拉伸试验,并获取屈服点;结合以上数据,采用Mises、Hill48、Barlat89和Yld2000-2d 4种屈服准则对屈服轨迹、r值和应力值进行预测。结果 等双拉过程中,十字形试件中心区应力分布均匀且无切应力,表明试样的设计是合理有效的;4种屈服准则对试验屈服轨迹的平均预测误差相差不大,为(2±0.5)%,但整体而言,Hill48-σ的预测误差最大,Hill48-r和Barlat89屈服准则呈现相似的预测能力,误差约为20%,Yld2000-2d屈服准则预测精度最高,综合误差仅有2.41%,远远小于其他3种屈服准则的预测误差。结论 钴基高温合金GH188板材具有明显的各向异性,Yld2000-2d屈服准则可以精确地描述该材料在复杂应力状态下的屈服行为。     

A theoretical resistance-curve based on nonproportional plastic strain

Using an exact solution for an elliptical hole in a perfectly plastic material, an expression is derived for the resistance of a ductile material undergoing subcritical crack propagation in the plane. This resistance curve is based on an analogy to the J-integral where an energy dissipation rate is determined rather than an energy release rate. The Tresca yield condition under plane stress loading conditions is employed in this derivation as well as finite deformation theory. This resistance curve is applicable to the initial stage of subcritical crack growth for a ductile material subject to crack tip blunting.     

On the energy dissipation and velocity discontinuities in granular materials and solution of a boundary value problem in geophysics

Summary Consider the plane-strain rigid-perfectly plastic deformation of a granular material which satisfies the stress equilibrium equations and the Coulomb yield criterion. An expression is derived which enables the rate of energy dissipation to be calculated for any pair of stress and velocity fields. This is specialised to the Spencer-Mehrabadi-Cowin model and a kinematic inequality is obtained. Jump conditions are derived for velocity discontinuities on the boundary and in the interior of the plastic region. A simple analytic solution of the equations of the Mehrabadi-Cowin model is presented for the deformation of a granular material filled joint or fracture separating two rock masses undergoing a shearing motion.With 5 Figures     

考虑应变梯度及刚度劣化的剪切带局部变形分析

基于梯度塑性理论,研究了应变软化阶段的刚度劣化对剪切带内部的局部应变及相对剪切位移的影响。剪切带被看作一维剪切问题,本构关系为线弹性及线性应变软化。考虑刚度劣化后,剪切带的弹性应变由弹性剪切模量、损伤变量及残余剪切模量确定。剪切带的非局部总应变由双线性的本构关系确定。将非局部总应变减去弹性应变,可得剪切带的非局部塑性应变。剪切带非局部塑性应变与流动应力及损伤变量等参数有关,此关系即为在经典弹塑性理论框架之内的考虑刚度劣化的屈服函数。将二阶应变梯度项引入该函数,可得剪切带内部的局部塑性剪切应变及局部总剪切应变的分布规律。对局部塑性剪切应变积分,得到了局部塑性剪切位移。结果表明:考虑了刚度劣化后,剪切带内部的弹性剪切应变及位移增加,而局部塑性剪切应变及位移降低。若不考虑刚度劣化,理论结果可蜕化为以前的结果。理论结果与岩石局部变形的观测结果在定性是一致的。     

铅剪切阻尼器的阻尼力模型与设计

基于理想弹塑性本构关系,推导了铅剪切阻尼器的两个阻尼力模型。根据能量原理,考虑剪切变形均匀性假设,横截面各点剪应力同时屈服,得到了均匀变形阻尼力模型(均匀模型)。依据剪应力分布规律和变形连续性条件,引进一个剪应变分布函数,用来描述剪切屈服后剪应变随屈服区扩展的变化规律,通过横截面剪力平衡方程,确定了非均匀变形阻尼力模型(非均匀模型)。两个理论模型的滞回曲线与Robinson SeismicLtd公司的实验曲线进行比较。结果表明,小位移时非均匀模型能精确模拟实验曲线,而均匀模型的计算结果明显大于实验数据;大位移时二者均与实验曲线吻合较好。证明了非均匀模型的极限阻尼力是均匀模型的最大阻尼力(屈服剪力)。以极限阻尼力和屈服位移为参数,给出了阻尼器的设计方法。     

能量吸收图法在蜂窝纸板中的应用

目的研究能量吸收图法在蜂窝纸板中可行的应用方法。方法通过以肩部包络线构成能量吸收图的方法和以屈服对应点连线构成能量吸收图的方法对同一个算例进行分析,分别得到各自最佳的蜂窝纸板厚度和单层芯纸厚度。然后以产品的最大许用应力分别进行压缩,查看其压缩变形情况。采用跌落的方法查看其最大变形、产品动能的变化曲线、位移变化曲线和加速度变化曲线,以此来考查这2种方法的可行性。结果通过肩点法得到优化结果,由于产品最大许用应力小于蜂窝板的屈服应力,蜂窝板无法通过层叠变形吸收产品的跌落冲击能量,使得产品响应加速度过大,进而发生破损。通过屈服对应点法得到优化结果,由于产品最大许用应力可以克服蜂窝板的屈服应力,使得蜂窝板可以变形吸能,并可以在达到产品最大许用应力前吸收完所有的能量,可以有效地保护产品。结论文中所用的屈服对应点法在不考虑实际安全系数的基础上,将产品的最大许用应力对应于缓冲材料的屈服应力,所得的优化材料可以有效地对产品起到缓冲保护作用。     

On the full set of elastic T-stress terms of internal elliptical cracks under mixed-mode loading condition

Analytical expressions for the elastic constant stress terms of the asymptotic field, the so called T-stresses, for internal mixed-mode elliptical cracks in infinite homogeneous and isotropic elastic solids are addressed. To solve the problem the mixed-mode crack problem is divided into sub-problems using the superposition method, and each sub-problem is then solved for the asymptotic stress field. Considering the expansion of the local stress field at the crack front, the elastic T-stress terms are derived for each sub-problem. The results are superimposed to give the analytical expressions of the so far missing elastic T-stresses for mixed-mode elliptical cracks.The effect of the T-stresses on the size and shape of the plastic zone at the crack tip is discussed, and analytical results are compared to the ones from finite element analyses, both for the T-stress components and the size of the plastic zone. For an accurate prediction of the plastic zone all singular and constant terms (T-stresses) in the stress expansion formulae should be considered. It is observed that negative T-stresses increase the size of the plastic zone, while positive ones reduce it.     

Viscoelasticity and shear yielding onset in amorphous glassy polymers

In the present work, the effect of viscoelasticity on the yield behaviour of a polycarbonate, PC, was studied and the identification of a yield criterion which takes into account the effects of the mechanical history on the onset of plastic strain, was attempted. The attention was focused on the shear yielding plastic deformation process and different loading histories were performed under uniaxial compression: constant strain rate at different rates, stress relaxation at different applied strain levels, creep under different stress levels. Some tests were also carried out under shear loading, in which the hydrostatic stress component is equal to zero and its effect on the yield onset can be considered. For the definition of a yield criterion, different quantities, some already proposed in an analogous work on a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), were considered and determined at yield onset for each of the applied loading histories. The results obtained in this work show that the relative ratios of the viscoelastic strain over the overall strain and of viscoelastic energy over the deformation work are fairly constant irrespective of both loading history and stress state. The re-elaboration of the data previously obtained on SAN is consistent with these results. Discussing the experimental data, differences between the mechanical behaviour of the two glassy polymers were pointed out and a more difficult activation of the plastic deformation process of PC than SAN was generally observed.     

Elastic/plastic indentation hardness and indentation fracture toughness: The inclusion core model

A new model for determining elastic/plastic indentation is presented. This model generalizes Johnson's incompressible core model to a compressible material and allows the indentation pressure to be transmitted via a misfitted inclusion core beneath the indenter which is surrounded by a hemispherical plastic zone. The internal stress field inside the core is obtained by applying Eshelby's spherical inclusion problem together with Hill's spherical-cavity expansion analysis. The plastic deformation considered here exactly ensures compatibility between the volume of a material displaced by the indenter and that accommodated by expansion. The analysis explains the essential relationships between the dimensions of the indentation and plastic zone and the dominant material properties; yield stress, hardness and elastic modulus. The solution is extended to evaluate the indentation fracture toughness by taking into account the reduced half-space constraint by the image force.     

钢板剪力墙-RC框架结构基于能量平衡的大震塑性设计

两边连接屈曲约束钢板剪力墙具有承载力高、耗能能力强、延性好等优点;而且在结构中布置灵活,能够减小对框架柱的作用力,避免框架柱过早发生破坏.为确定墙体在结构中的布置方式以使结构抗震性能充分发挥,提出了钢板剪力墙-RC框架结构基于能量平衡的大震塑性设计方法.设定结构预期的整体破坏模式和目标位移,基于能量平衡原理计算结构的设...