一个高效的包处理入侵检测模型

提出了一个高效率的包处理入侵检测模型.包俘获装置俘获网络数据包就直接对其进行检测,而不是重组这些数据包后进行检测,这样就提高了检测的效率.现有的入侵检测产品为了降低系统的漏报率,均采用包重组机制.提出的模型将包重组机制和数据包关联处理进行结合,该模型在保证了检测攻击完整性的基础上提高了检测系统的效率.     

一种基于Hough变换的损伤检测方法

针对香烟条包端面透明纸损伤的实时、在线图像检测问题,提出一种基于Hough变换的损伤检测方法.根据香烟条包端面透明纸的损伤特点,利用Hough变换原理构造了一个损伤判别准则,并根据该准则值的大小来实现损伤的在线检测.构建了图像检测系统,利用实际采集的香烟条包端面透明纸损伤图像对该方法进行了分析和验证,结果表明,其可以有效地检测香烟条包端面透明纸出现的异常现象.     

C600转烟器烟包缺陷在线图像检测装置的设计

为解决某烟厂C600包装机存在缺陷烟包漏检导致流入市场等问题,利用图像在线分析技术,设计了一套烟包在线图像检测装置.该装置主要由一体化工业摄像机和光源、图像采集控制器、上位机、人机交互界面、多维调节支架等部件组成,可以对烟包容易产生缺陷的前端面、侧端面进行在线图像识别分析,避免缺陷烟包进入下道关键工序.实验结果表明:C600转烟器烟包缺陷在线图像检测装置填补了包装机转烟器旋转烟包监测技术空白,监测速度快、精度高,满足香烟包装质量检测的需求.     

基于流统计特征的VoIP媒体网关检测方法*

针对已有VoIP检测方法对协议解析依赖性较大,且检测范围不尽全面的问题,提出基于流统计特征的VoIP媒体网关检测方法.该方法通过对RTP流平均包到达间隔作同流计算与同源多流统计,得出对应网络实体的平均包到达间隔概率分布.根据同一IP地址所对应的平均包到达间隔分布的概率峰值判定媒体网关,从而大幅提高VoIP业务检测效率.     

条装缺包动态检测的研究与应用

目前,国内卷烟生产企业的包装设备主要采用了二十世纪九十年代引进的意大利GD公司研制的GDX2包装机,但该机型设备在高速生产时,存在条装缺包的质量缺陷,经过对现有检测装置(CH出口堆叠检测,CT条盒上部完整度检测,光子缺包检测)的研究和分析,找出造成条盒缺包检测装置漏检和误检的原因,研制出一种条盒内缺小盒动态检测,该检测装置通过检测小盒内铝箔纸的存在与否达到检测条盒内缺包的目的,该检测弥补了现有检测的不足,可以杜绝缺包问题的存在.     

基于小波包分析木材声发射信号消噪处理

由于目前的滤噪技术在检测木材声发射信号时还存在一定的缺点,本文根据木材声发射信号的特征,基于小波包分析研究了利用信号的小波包分析、计算和最佳小波包基的选取.采用默认阈值方法处理小波系数,通过小波包重构得到消噪后的木材损伤声发射信号,噪声得到较好的抑制.结果表明用小波包变换进行消噪处理,噪声消除彻底,提高了损伤缺陷检测的准确性.     

基于扫描流量统计的本地网蠕虫检测方法

为了准确检测外网蠕虫对本地网的传播,在研究蠕虫扫描行为模式的基础上,提出一种基于扫描流量统计的本地网蠕虫检测方法,并给出蠕虫检测方法实现的总体思路、关键算法和检侧过程.该检侧方法分为异常流量检测和扫描包特征匹配检测两个步骤,即首先使用马尔科夫和坎泰利不等式在网络边界检测进入本地网的扫描流量,提取异常流量中的可疑扫描包的特征;然后监控本地网,检测与可疑扫描包特征相匹配的本地网扫描活动,进而判定本地网是否感染外网蠕虫.分析与初步实验证明,该方法能够检测准确检测外网蠕虫对本地网的传播.     

基于小波分析的变频器传导干扰信号检测

研究了基于小波包变换算法,使用该算法设计VI程序,并设计了变频器干扰信号检测系统,实现了变频器干扰信号实时检测.实际测量了干扰信号的波形和功率谱,通过实验和测试结果表明,基于小波包分析算法的检测系统信噪分离效果良好,测试方法有效可行.     

基于变动和式累积检验算法的DDoS攻击检测

在SYN Flooding攻击检测中,为了检测算法能够实时快速准确地完成检测功能,在异常发生时能够在最短时间内发出警告,同时又必须保证警告结果的准确.根据网络TCP通信业务中SYN数据包与FIN(RST)数据包流量的变化特点,利用变动和式累积检验算法PCUSUM建立检测系统,对归一化后的SYN包与FIN(RST)包差值进行实时监控,检测网络流量异常.检测过程中,算法不需要建立正常业务和攻击行为的详细模型,仿真结果表明,在保持相同检测准确度情况下,算法对SYN Flooding攻击具有较短的报警时间,提高了检测系统的性能.     

基于小波包变换的电力系统谐波分析

传统的基于傅立叶变换的谐波检测方法不具有时间分辨能力,小波和小波包变换因其良好的时间局部化特性,成为电力系统谐波分析的有力工具.本文分别用小波变换和小波包变换对电网谐波信号进行了检测,小波包变换建立在小波变换的基础上,可以实现信号频带的均匀划分,能更好地提取信号的时频特性.仿真结果显示两种方法均能有效的分离基波和谐波,小波包变换能根据要求分离任意次谐波,仿真分析中指出了两种分析方法的缺点.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).