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鉴于脆弱性要素(暴露度、敏感性和适应性)与压力-状态-响应(pressure-state-response,?PSR)模型结构有很好
的对应关系,基于 PSR 模型开展新疆维吾尔自治区 2010—2019 年的水资源脆弱性评价。筛选人均用水量等 25
个评价指标,构建目标层-准则层-指标层评价体系并利用熵权法计算指标权重;将水资源脆弱性划分为不脆弱、
轻度脆弱、中度脆弱、重度脆弱和极脆弱 5 级,利用集对分析法和置信度准则计算得到 2010—2019 年的水资源
脆弱性水平;将指标层和准则层脆弱性与系统综合脆弱性进行对比,分析各指标与准则层脆弱性水平和变化趋势
与系统脆弱性的关系,探究影响水资源系统脆弱性的主要原因,成果可为新疆水资源管理提供参考。 相似文献
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水资源系统可变集评价原理与方法 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
根据笔者建立的可变集及其辨证法基本规律数学定理,提出事物相对差异度演变定理和可变集模式识别矩阵,在此基础上提出水资源系统可变集评价原理与方法。列举了广东省东莞市4个水平年水资源可持续利用协调程度评价实例,并与模糊集对评价法进行了比较与分析,指出该法存在的问题与错误。实例与比较表明,以可变集理论为基础的水资源系统评价原理与方法,具有理论严谨、概念清晰、计算简便的优点,可以推广应用于环境工程、水利水电工程、土木建筑工程、管理工程等众多学科的多指标(目标)评价领域。 相似文献
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以宝鸡市为研究区域,针对复杂的人水关系,对1999-2015年间水资源脆弱性进行整体评价,并预估未来趋势,找到影响宝鸡市水资源脆弱性的主导因子,为降低水资源脆弱性提供合理的解决方案。以DPSIR模型为基础,选取出19个能够反映出宝鸡市水资源脆性的指标,依靠层次分析法与熵值法主客观组合赋权的优势,结合模糊综合评价法对各项指标进行综合得分,借助S型曲线对水资源脆弱性与指标综合得分之间建立非线性函数关系,由此对17a间水资源脆弱性进行等级划分。结果表明:宝鸡市水资源整体呈严重脆弱(Ⅳ级),但整体及未来下降趋势明显,降水与工业重复用水率为其主导因子,改善水资源管理模式是水资源脆弱性下降的重要举措。 相似文献
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水资源是影响区域、国家甚至全球环境可持续发展的关键,水资源脆弱性是制约水资源安全的基础性问题。本文从水资源脆弱性的概念、评价指标体系和评价方法方面,综述了国内外水资源脆弱性评价的研究进展,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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水资源脆弱性是评价水资源系统对自然条件变动或人类开发利用影响承载能力的重要指标,其评价对于水资源保护工作非常重要。从自然因素、人为因素、综合因素三方面给出13个指标,利用层次分析法确定各指标的权重,综合相关研究及经验确定各指标的标准值,综合进行区域水资源脆弱性评价。以海河流域为例开展了实例研究,海河流域现状的水资源脆弱度为59.7,属于中度脆弱区;在未来气候变化条件下,经过人工水资源调控措施,海河流域2020年、2030年水资源脆弱度分别为58.64、58.63,证明水资源调控措施将会改善海河流域水资源条件。该方法对流域级水资源系统的脆弱性评价有重要意义。 相似文献
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为科学评价新疆维吾尔自治区的水资源脆弱性状况,基于自然、人为和承载力3个子系统构建水资源脆弱性评价指标体系,通过模糊集对分析模型从时空维度对新疆15个地区(州、市)的水资源脆弱性进行评价,并利用五元引力减法集对势识别其目标层发展趋势。结果表明:空间分布上,水资源脆弱性呈现出东疆较强、南疆次之、北疆较弱的规律;时间趋势上,19.03%的地区脆弱性等级呈上升趋势,18.88%的地区较为稳定,62.09%的地区呈下降趋势,总体上脆弱性状况有所改善,但需对水资源脆弱性状况发展态势恒为偏反势的乌鲁木齐市、哈密市和昌吉回族自治州以及出现反势态势的喀什地区给予密切关注和调控。研究结果可为新疆水资源的高效利用和优化管理提供理论依据。 相似文献
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依据山西省自然地理及经济发展状况,从自然、人为、承载力等三方面影响水资源脆弱性的因素中选取8个指标构建水资源脆弱性评价体系,运用基于熵权的模糊集对法对山西省11个地级市2012—2018年水资源脆弱性进行评价,并比较了模糊综合法、灰关联分析法和基于熵权的模糊集对法3种方法2018年的评价结果。结果表明,山西省存在用水效率较低、地下水超采、水污染、水土流失等主要问题,整体水资源脆弱性属于比较脆弱和严重脆弱等级;提出通过调整产业结构、优化配置水资源、提高污废水回收利用率、恢复植被等对策改善山西省水资源脆弱性状况。 相似文献
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This paper provides an overview of the 'standard' methodology developed for the United States Country Studies Program on the Assessment of Water Resources Vulnerability and Adaptation to Clim ate Change. The methodology is described in more detail in accompanying articles in this issue. A standard methodology was developed for two reasons. First, for countries with little or no experience in hydrologic and water resources modelling, it provided a simple, yet appropriate set of modelling tools that could be quickly learned and applied with a limited data set. Second, it provided a consistent methodology for synthesizing results for regional and global assessments as well as cross-country and cross-regional comparisons. 相似文献
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地理信息系统(GIS)技术已经在很多领域有了广泛的发展和应用,根据区域水资源评价管理整个工作的特点和GIS技术在区域水资源评价管理中应用的可行性,GIS对于水资源评价管理中能提供直观、理性的可视化功能,大量空间数据的储存和管理功能,良好的数据维护和更新功能以及空间的数据分析等四项功能。 相似文献
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Mohamed A. Hamouda Mohamed M. Nour El-Din Fawzia I. Moursy 《Water Resources Management》2009,23(13):2697-2725
Planning effective joint development programs in shared river basins is thought to become better when such programs are preceded
by integrated studies. This paper aims to provide such a study through a situation analysis with regard to the vulnerability
of water resources systems in the Eastern Nile Basin (ENB). The focus was on using internationally recognized indicators and
indices that can provide an insight about the situation in the region in a concise and illustrative fashion. A framework for
assessing vulnerability of water systems was outlined and applied to the region. Based on a careful survey, a list of 31 indicators
used for vulnerability assessment were identified and categorized to separate hydro-physical indicators from other indicators
of socio-economic or political nature. The identified indicators were evaluated for the three ENB countries and illustrated
in radar diagrams. Interpretations were drawn describing the vulnerability situation in each country. The main findings are:
(1) vulnerability of water resources is highest in Sudan, followed by Ethiopia and then Egypt; (2) while vulnerability in
Egypt stems mainly from hydro-physical factors; in Sudan and Ethiopia it is directly related to poverty and underdevelopment;
(3) Higher stresses on available water resources in Egypt are due to increases in total withdrawals; while in Sudan and Ethiopia
it is mainly due to water mal-distribution and quality deterioration; (4) governance factors in the three countries hinder
the proper management of the available water resources. 相似文献
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The resilience perspective, which emphasizes the integrated, systemic concept of human and nature interactions, is increasingly used as an approach for understanding the dynamic of social-ecological system. As the water resources system (WRS) is a social-ecological system, resilience thinking such as Holling??s adaptive cycle has been adopted as a fundamental unit for understanding the water resources system dynamics in this paper. In the adaptive cycle of WRS, the likelihood shift among different phases largely depends on resilience value; and a quantitative method for estimating the resilience of WRS is proposed. The method is related to the degree of change and characteristics of the WRS, and has been applied to identify the phase of WRS in every city in Zhejiang province, China. The results of resilience assessment have also been discussed in terms of adaptive cycle. 相似文献
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利用层次分析法构建符合丰水地区水资源脆弱性评价的指标体系和等级标准,分别构建基于单、双隐层BP神经网络技术的区域水资源脆弱性综合评价模型,并采用内插法构造网络训练样本,将水资源脆弱性分级评价标准值作为“评价”样本,对云南文山州区域水资源脆弱性进行评价分析。结果表明:①单、双隐层BP神经网络模型对区域水资源脆弱性综合评价结果基本相同,说明研究建立的区域水资源脆弱性评价模型和评价方法均是合理可行的,与单隐层网络相比,双隐层网络泛化能力强,预测精度高,但训练时间较长;②文山州各评价区域不同规划水平年水资源脆弱性评价等级为Ⅲ-Ⅴ级,即处于中度脆弱与不脆弱之间,客观反映了该州水资源脆弱性状况,符合区域实际情况。评价结果可以作为研究和评价区域水资源脆弱性的参考依据。 相似文献