铁基块体金属玻璃软磁合金近期研发进展概况

 总结了1995年首次报道铁基块体金属玻璃(BMG)软磁合金研发成功以来该类合金的研发进展概况;阐述了BMG形成条件,BMG合金系及制备方法,各种类型铁基BMG合金的成分、制备要点及磁性,初步探索了双相BMG合金,简要介绍了铁基块体纳米晶合金,并评价了铁基BMG软磁合金的优势、不足及应用前景。     

块状金属玻璃研究进展与应用

综述了块状金属玻璃的研究进展，介绍了块状金属玻璃的应用及几种制备方法，阐明了块状金属玻     

Ti基大块金属玻璃的研究与应用

阐述了Ti基大块金属玻璃(BMG)的成分设计原则及制备方法，并对Ti基非晶合金及其部分晶化复合材料的力学性能及断裂机理进行了评述。结果表明：Ti基大块金属玻璃具有较高的断裂强度、弹性延伸率及一定的塑性延伸率，而经过部分晶化获得的非晶合金基纳米颗粒复合材料，其室温塑性获得很大的改善。在此基础上探讨了该合金目前所存在的问题、研究热点以及其应用前景。     

A Highly Fatigue-Resistant Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass

The strength-normalized fatigue endurance strength of the bulk metallic glass (BMG) Zr_52.5Cu_17.9Ni_14.6Al₁₀Ti₅ (Vitreloy 105) has been reported to be the highest for any BMG; however, to date, there has been no explanation of why this material is so much better than other Zr-based compositions. In this study, the fatigue-crack growth behavior of Zr_52.5Cu_17.9Ni_14.6Al₁₀Ti₅ was compared in ambient air vs dry nitrogen environment. The excellent fatigue life behavior is attributed to a relatively high fatigue threshold (ΔK _TH ≈ 2 MPa√m) and a lack of sensitivity to environmental effects on fatigue-crack growth in ambient air, as compared to other Zr-based BMGs. Fatigue life experiments conducted in ambient air confirmed the excellent fatigue life properties with a 10⁷-cycle endurance strength of ~0.24 of the ultimate tensile strength; however, it was also found that casting porosity, even in limited amounts, could reduce this endurance strength by as much as ~60 pct. Overall, the BMG Zr_52.5Cu_17.9Ni_14.6Al₁₀Ti₅ appears to have excellent strength and fatigue properties and should be considered as a prime candidate material for future applications where good mechanical fatigue resistance is required.     

Influence of the Crystalline Phase on Strain-Rate Sensitivity of a Zr-Cu-Ni-Al Bulk Metallic Glass at Room Temperature

In this work, Zr₅₃Cu_18.7Ni₁₂Al_16.3 alloy has been cast into rod samples with different diameters. Glassy composites with various volume fractions of quenched-in crystalline are obtained. Their mechanical behaviors and fracture mechanisms have been investigated upon both quasistatic and dynamic loading. As the volume fraction of crystalline phase increases, the increase in the strain-rate sensitivity exponent could be attributed to the combination of the reduction of the shear band-related deformability and the enhancement of the dislocation-related deformability. These results may shed more insight on optimizing the microstructure and performance of bulk metallic glass composites in the future.     

Dynamic Fracture of a Zr-based Bulk Metallic Glass

In the present study, dynamic fracture experiments are performed on fully amorphous Liquidmetal-1 (LM-1), a Zr-based BMG, to better understand fracture initiation and propagation in notched specimens. Experiments are conducted on notched (110 μm notch radius) four-point bend specimens using an instrumented modified split-Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus. The results of these experiments suggest that the critical dynamic stress intensity factor achieved by the notched LM-1 specimens is ~110 MPa m^1/2, which is similar to the fracture toughness determined from previous quasi-static fracture experiments. This insensitivity of the fracture toughness to crack tip loading rate suggests negligible loading-rate sensitivity on the dynamic fracture initiation toughness in LM-1. In situ high-speed camera images of the notched sample during the dynamic loading process show multiple fracture initiation attempts and subsequent arrests prior to catastrophic fracture initiation. Controlled stress wave loading experiments designed to induce sub-critical levels of damage in the notched specimens show extensive deformation banding extending 150 to 200 μm outward from the notch. The deformation bands, nominally perpendicular to each other, run along the direction of the notch and perpendicular to it. They are consistent with slip-line fields in notched samples of elastic perfectly plastic materials. Subsequent loading of the damaged specimen again shows several attempts at crack initiation followed by blunting; the initial sub-critical damage in the region around the notch is understood to increase the energy required for catastrophic specimen failure and is consistent with an increase in the effective notch radius due to preexisting damage.     

Corrosion Behavior of Fe-based Bulk Metallic Glass and In-situ Dendrite-reinforced Metallic Glass Matrix Composites in Acid Solution

The corrosion behavior study was conducted on a novel Fe_(77)Mo_5P_9C_(7.5)B_(1.5)in-situ metallic glass matrix composite(MGMC).This composite sample was developed by introduction of bccα-Fe dendrites as reinforcing phase.The corrosion behavior of this composite was compared to its monolithic counterpart and other Fe-based alloys such as 304 Land 2304Lstainless steels.The corrosion resistance of MGMCs in H_2SO_4 solution shows inferior to that of other Fe-based alloys.Experiments suggest that Fe-BMGs samples possess better corrosion resistance property than that of Fe-MGMCs.The possible underlying reasons can be the inhomogeneity induced by the precipitation ofα-Fe dendrites in the MGMCs.     

Microstructural Analysis of a Laser-Processed Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass

Laser processing is a precision manufacturing technique capable of producing materials with highly nonequilibrium microstructures. Due to the localized heat input and high cooling rate inherent to the process, this technology is attractive for the production of metallic glasses. In the present work, we use a laser deposition process to deposit a Zr-based metallic glass forming powder on both amorphous and crystalline substrates of the same nominal composition. Amorphous melt zones are observed surrounded by distinct crystalline heat-affected zones (HAZs). Detailed examination of the HAZ in the glassy substrates reveals the formation of microscale spherulites, in contrast to the nanocrystalline phases observed following crystallization by isothermal annealing of the glass at the crystallization temperature as well as in the HAZ of the crystalline substrates. The spherulites have a different crystal morphology and structure from the nanocrystalline phases, indicating that the more stable nanocrystalline phases are completely bypassed when the glass is devitrified at the higher heating rate. Reducing the heat input during laser processing results in the near elimination of the crystalline HAZ in the amorphous substrates, suggesting that a critical heating rate range is required to avoid devitrification.     

Kinetics of Glass Transition and Crystallization in Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Mg-Cu-Gd Bulk Metallic Glass

Mg65Cu25Gd10 bulk metallic glass and its carbon nanotube reinforced composite were prepared. Differential scanning calorimeter （DSC） was used to investigate the kinetics of glass transition and crystallization processes. The influence of CNTs addition to the glass matrix on the glass transition and crystallization kinetics was studied. It is shown that the kinetic effect on glass transition and crystallization are preserved for both the monothetic glass and its glass composite. Adding CNTs in to the glass matrix reduces the influence of the heating rate on the crystallization process. In addition, the CNTs increase the energetic barrier for the glass transition. This results in the decrease of GFA. The mechanism of the GFA decrease was also discussed.     

High-Temperature Deformation Behavior and Formability of a Zr-Cu-Al-Ni Bulk Metallic Glass

The deformation behavior of a monolithic Zr₅₅Cu₃₀Al₁₀Ni₅ (at. pct) bulk metallic glass (BMG) fabricated by suction casting has been investigated at elevated temperatures in this study. A series of compression tests has been performed in the supercooled liquid temperature region. In the homogeneous flow regime, this alloy exhibited a transition from the Newtonian to non-Newtonian flow depending upon both the strain rate and the temperature. These two flow modes were then described by applying the Newtonian viscous flow theory and the transition state theory, respectively. On the basis of a dynamic materials model (DMM), a processing map could successfully be constructed to estimate the feasible forming conditions for this BMG alloy. Imaginary laboratory-scale extrusion tests were also performed to determine solid-to-solid formability, and the results from both the finite element method (FEM)-based simulation and processing map were then compared and discussed. This article is based on a presentation given in the symposium entitled “Bulk Metallic Glasses IV,” which occurred February 25–March 1, 2007 during the TMS Annual Meeting in Orlando, Florida under the auspices of the TMS/ASM Mechanical Behavior of Materials Committee.     

Pd-Cu-Ni-P Bulk Metallic Glass: A Very Low Damping Material

The present work addresses damping experiments performed in a Pd-Cu-Ni-P bulk metallic glass. After an appropriated thermal treatment, this material exhibits a very low damping coefficient, down to 10⁻⁶. This result is discussed considering the different possible origins of the damping phenomena: thermoelasticity, energy dissipation by electrons, phonons, defects, and residual stresses. Thermoelasticity and defects appear to be the most important sources of mechanical damping. This article is based on a presentation given in the symposium entitled “Bulk Metallic Glasses IV,” which occurred February 25−March 1, 2007 during the TMS Annual Meeting in Orlando, Florida under the auspices of the TMS/ASM Mechanical Behavior of Materials Committee.     

High-Pressure Equation of the State of a Zirconium-Based Bulk Metallic Glass

The high stress U _s -U _p Hugoniot equation of state (EOS) of a zirconium-based bulk metallic glass (BMG, Zr₅₇Nb₅Cu_15.4Ni_12.6Al₁₀) was determined using plate impact experiments on disk-shaped samples of 10-mm diameter and 2-mm thickness. The National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) two-stage light-gas gun was used for the high stress measurements (∼26 to 123 GPa), and the Georgia Institute of Technology (GT) single-stage gas gun was used for the lower stress measurements (∼5 to 26 GPa). The NIMS experiments were instrumented with streak photography and used the inclined mirror (IM) method to simultaneously measure shock velocity and free surface velocity. The GT experiments used polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) stress gages and velocity interferometry (VISAR) to simultaneously measure the shock velocity, free surface velocity, and stress. Results from the streak camera records and PVDF gages + VISAR traces, as well as impedance matching calculations, were used to generate the U _s -U _p Hugoniot EOS for the BMG over a wide range of stresses. The U _s -U _p data show evidence of a low pressure phase, a transition to a mixed phase region at ∼26 GPa, followed by transition at ∼67 GPa to a high-pressure phase of bulk modulus of 288 GPa. This article is based on a presentation made in the symposium entitled “Dynamic Behavior of Materials,” which occurred during the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, February 25–March 1, 2007 in Orlando, Florida, under the auspices of The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, TMS Structural Materials Division, and TMS/ASM Mechanical Behavior of Materials Committee.     

微量掺杂铜元素提高铁基非晶合金降解偶氮染料稳定性

非晶合金具有优异的催化性能,但失去亚稳态,催化性能通常显著下降,因此如何获得稳定的催化性能是一大难题。以降解偶氮染料为污染物模型,研究了掺杂微量铜元素对铁基非晶合金(Fe-Si-B-Cu非晶合金)降解性能受退火温度(T_a)的影响规律。结果表明：Fe-Si-B-Cu非晶合金微观结构为纳米铜团簇分布在非晶基底的不均匀结构;在300～800℃的温度范围内对其进行等温退火处理,Fe-Si-B-Cu非晶合金在高于380℃退火处理后开始发生晶化现象,得到纳米晶合金样品。将铸态和退火非晶态及退火纳米晶化态样品用于降解偶氮染料,研究铸态和退火温度对降解性能影响。结果表明：随着退火温度的升高,Fe-Si-B-Cu对偶氮染料降解性能不但没有明显下降,反而略微有所提高。其中,450℃退火处理的样品表现出了最优异的降解性能,降解速率高达0.164 min^-1;40 min时的降解效率达到100%。由此可见,引入纳米异质结构,为稳定非晶合金催化性能受退火引起的结构变化影响提供了一种有效途径。     

Crystallization of a Ti-based Bulk Metallic Glass Induced by Electropulsing Treatment

The effect of electropulsing treatment (EPT)on the microstructure of a Ti-based bulk metallic glass (BMG)has been studied.The maximum current density applied during EPT can exert a crucial role on tuning the microstructure of the BMG.When the maximum current density is no more than 2 720 A/mm2 ,the samples retains amorphous nature,whereas,beyond that,crystalline phases precipitate from the glassy matrix.During EPT,the maximum temperature within the samples EPTed at the maximum current densities larger than 2 720 A/mm2 is higher than the crystallization temperature of the BMG,leading to the crystallization event.     

Ni-Nb-Sn Bulk Metallic Glass Matrix Composites Fabricated by Microwave-Induced Sintering Process

Using a gas-atomized Ni_59.35Nb_34.45Sn_6.2 metallic glassy alloy powder blended with Sn powder of various contents, Ni-Nb-Sn bulk metallic glassy matrix composites were fabricated by a microwave (MW)–induced sintering process in a single-mode 2.45 GHz MW applicator in a separated magnetic field. The Ni_59.35Nb_34.45Sn_6.2 glassy alloy powder and its mixed powders containing Sn particles could be heated well in the magnetic field. The addition of Sn particles promoted densification of the sintered Ni_59.35Nb_34.45Sn_6.2 metallic glassy powder. Bulk samples without crystallization of the glassy matrix and with good bonding state among the particles were achieved at a sintering temperature of 833 K.     

铁基非晶态合金的退火脆性

本文研究Fe₈₀B_20-xSi_x(x=6,8,10,12)非晶态合金的退火脆性规律,给出了合金成分原料纯度,薄带厚度以及薄带表面状态对非晶态合金退火脆性的影响。铁基非晶态合金在低温退火过程中已明显变脆。这种退火脆性是由非晶态合金亚稳特性决定的结构弛豫所致。     

Effect of Al Addition on Glass Forming Ability and Glass Stability of Ca-Mg-Zn-Cu Based Bulk Metallic Glasses

The effect of Al addition on glass forming ability (GFA) and stability of the glassy phase against crystallization was studied for Ca-Mg-Zn, Ca-Mg-Cu, and Ca-Mg-Zn-Cu alloys. The glassy alloys were produced by copper mold casting as wedge-shaped samples with thicknesses varying from 0.5 to 10 mm. Thermal properties, such as glass transition, crystallization and melting temperatures, as well as heats of crystallization and melting, were determined for the produced glasses. Partial substitution of Zn or Cu with Al was found to improve the glass stability (GS) against the general tendency to reduce the GFA. The article is based on a presentation given in the symposium entitled “Bulk Metallic Glasses IV” which occurred February 25–March 1, 2007 during the TMS Annual Meeting in Orlando, Florida under the auspices of the TMS/ASM Mechanical Behavior of Materials Committee.

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高压等温处理后LaAlCuNi大块非晶的结构弛豫及其压痕下力学行为

采用铜模吸铸法制备出La62.0Al15.7(Cu0.5, Ni0.5)22.3大块非晶合金,并在室温和3.0～5.0 GPa压力条件下对该非晶合金进行了等温高压处理,研究了高压处理对该非晶结构弛豫和力学行为的影响.结果表明,高压处理对非晶合金的玻璃转变温度无明显影响,但使合金发生了明显的结构弛豫,其自由体积和第一晶化温度随压力的增加先增加后减小,最大值出现在4.0 GPa压力之下.纳米压痕和维氏硬度测试表明,其硬度值随压力变化规律与自由体积随压力变化规律一致.     

Production and Mechanical Properties of Roll Bonded Bulk Metallic Glass/Aluminum Laminates

Twin roll casting has been used to produce sheet of Mg₆₀Cu₂₉Gd₁₁ bulk metallic glass (BMG). Sheet can be produced with thicknesses between 1 and 4 mm, the width of sheet produced can be between 25 and 75 mm. The dimensional stability of the produced sheet in a cast run is ±1 mm in the width direction and ±0.05 mm in the thickness direction. As with all magnesium-based BMGs the sheet produced is strong yet brittle at room temperature. The maximum flexural stress of a twin roll cast Mg₆₀Cu₂₉Gd₁₁ BMG strip is 150 MPa with a flexural strain of 0.005. The Charpy impact energy of a Mg₆₀Cu₂₉Gd₁₁ BMG strip is 0.02 J. In order to improve the toughness values of the Mg₆₀Cu₂₉Gd₁₁, BMG strip laminates of BMG and aluminum alloy (UNS A91100) were produced via roll bonding. The introduction of aluminum layers to the sheet structure provides a barrier to shear band movement stopping the sudden catastrophic failure of the sheet. After rolling the BMG was examined via X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm that the BMG layer remained amorphous. The flexural stress, flexural strain, and Charpy impact energy properties of BMG-Al laminates are improved when compared to monolithic glass properties. The flexural stress values for laminates compared to the monolithic glass improve by 60 pct from 150 to 250 MPa. The flexural strain values improve by over an order of magnitude from 0.005 to 0.14. The Charpy impact energies increase by 2 orders of magnitude from 0.02 to 2.5 J.