AP1000自动降压系统误开启事故仿真分析

针对AP1000的具体结构和运行特点,采用FORTRAN程序设计语言,开发了AP1000瞬态热工水力计算程序RETAC。利用RETAC对AP1000自动降压系统(ADS)误开启事故进行仿真分析,得到稳压器压力、堆芯归一化热功率、堆芯归一化流量、堆芯平均温度、燃料中心最高温度和最小偏离核态沸腾比（MDNBR）等主要系统参数的响应特性。分析结果表明,在稳压器低压停堆保护的作用下,燃料中心最高温度和MDNBR未超出规定限值,满足安全准则要求。并将计算结果与美国西屋公司AP1000分析软件LOFTRAN的计算结果进行对比,对比趋势符合良好,证明了RETAC建模和自动降压系统临界流模型计算的合理性。     

AP1000核电厂自动泄压系统误启动事故计算

基于最佳估算程序RELAP5/MOD3.3,对AP1000核电厂冷却剂系统和非能动堆芯冷却系统进行了建模分析,得到了自动泄压系统(ADS)阀门误启动事故下,系统压力、破口流量、系统水装量等参数的瞬态变化,计算结果与西屋公司采用NOTRUMP程序的计算结果进行了比较与分析。结果表明:AP1000核电厂的非能动专设安全设施能有效对一回路进行冷却和降压,防止堆芯过热,验证了AP1000发生ADS阀门误启动事故后的安全性。     

全厂断电事故下AP1000非能动余热排出系统分析

利用RELAP5/MOD3.3程序对AP1000反应堆一回路及非能动系统进行建模计算,给出了AP1000非能动余热排出系统（PRHRS）在全厂断电事故下的瞬态响应特性。计算结果表明：情况1,PHRH系统由蒸汽发生器低水位与低启动给水流量符合信号启动,稳压器安全阀的开启导致PRHRS发生倒流现象,并会引起堆芯冷却剂过热沸腾、压力容器进出口温差过大等后果;情况2,由断电信号直接触发PRHRS,触发前安全阀不开启,此时PRHRS正常运行。     

AP1000给水丧失事故定性分析

针对AP1000核电站,基于两流体最佳估算系统程序RELAP5建立热工水力模型,基于Matlab/Simulink软件及工业组态软件建立相关控制系统数学模型,用于对正常给水丧失事故的计算分析。建模数据主要参考AP1000 Design Control Document(AP1000 DCD),由于建模数据不够充分、详尽,模型不够精确,文中事故分析以定性分析为主。计算结果表明：RELAP5具备计算自然循环的能力,计算结果与DCD中正常给水丧失事故结果总体趋势基本一致,非能动余热排出系统（PRHRS）、堆芯补水箱（CMT）系统能够及时、有效地排出堆芯余热和堆芯衰变热,确保堆芯安全。PRHRS余热排出能力对事故发展有明显影响,模型中PRHRS余热排出能力较强,使冷却剂温度更快地降低到较低水平,导致CMT更早投入以及随后反应堆各参数响应的不同。     

非能动安全系统可靠性评估方法初步研究

非能动安全系统可靠性的分析是广泛采用非能动设计的新一代核电厂概率安全评价(PSA)的重要内容,其量化分析需根据非能动安全系统可靠性评估对象,确定影响系统运行的关键参数,结合事件序列对非能动系统进行研究。本文以AP1000非能动余热排出系统(PRHRS)设计阶段的可靠性研究为例,结合丧失主给水事故,根据燃料包壳完整性以及系统稳定性的功能准则,确定影响PRHRS的关键参数和设计参数。采用拉丁超立方抽样(LHS)确定输入参数组合,运用RELAP5/MOD3程序进行不确定性传递计算,进行关键参数对系统功能敏感性评价与确认,进行系统功能可靠性分析,为AP1000概率安全评价提供PRHRS可靠性估计。     

AP1000核电厂直接注射管线双端断裂小破口失水事故计算

基于压水堆最佳估算程序RELAP5/MOD3.3,对AP1000核电厂冷却剂系统和非能动堆芯冷却系统进行建模分析,得到在直接注入管线发生双端断裂事故下,系统压力、破口流量、系统水装量等关键参数的瞬态变化,计算结果与西屋公司采用NOTRUMP程序的计算结果基本一致。分析表明:AP1000的非能动专设安全设施能有效对一回路进行冷却和降压,防止堆芯过热,验证了AP1000发生DVI双端断裂事故后的安全性。     

AP1000冷管段小破口失水事故分析

基于压水堆最佳估算程序RELAP5/MOD3.4,对AP1000的冷却剂系统和非能动堆芯冷却系统进行建模分析,得到了系统压力、破口流量、燃料包壳温度等关键参数的瞬态变化,计算结果与西屋公司采用NOTRUMP程序计算的结果基本一致。分析表明：AP1000的非能动专设安全设施能有效地对一回路进行冷却和降压,防止堆芯过热,验证了AP1000发生冷管段小破口失水事故后的安全性。     

非能动安全壳冷却系统模拟分析程序PCCSAP-3D及其验证

PCCSAP-3D是我国自主开发用于分析评价非能动安全壳冷却系统(PCCS)的专用程序。通过对AP1000反应堆系统进行建模,使用PCCSAP-3D模拟分析AP1000在假想的冷却剂丧失(LOCA)以及主蒸汽管道破裂事故(MSLB)等设计基准事故下非能动安全系统的运行瞬态,并与西屋公司开发的非能动冷却系统分析程序WGOTHIC的计算结果进行对比。分析结果显示,两者吻合良好,PCCS能够有效地将假想事故下安全壳内的压力控制在设计安全限值以下。初步验证PCCSAP-3D程序对于AP1000反应堆PCCS冷却性能评价的可用性。     

AP1000冷却剂强迫流动全部丧失事故瞬态特性分析

AP1000反应堆是目前国际上典型的"三代"核电厂,利用RELAP5/MOD 3.3程序对AP1000核电厂一回路系统进行整体建模,分析冷却剂强迫流动全部丧失事故下一回路主要热工水力参数的瞬态特性,并与COAST和LOFTRAN程序的计算结果进行了对比,发现两者具有相同的分布规律,表明利用RELAP5程序建立的计算模型可以准确模拟AP1000冷却剂强迫流动全部丧失事故下的热工水力特性。     

非能动核电站主给水丧失事故仿真研究

AP1000非能动安全系统是一种新型的安全系统,无论从原理上还是系统布置上均与第2代核电站有区别,AP1000目前尚未实际运行,所以,其设计原理还需进一步深入地论证和分析。本文应用JTopmeret、THEATRe建模软件对AP1000非能动余热排出系统(PRHRS)、堆芯补水箱(CMT)系统进行仿真,验证在主给水丧失事故条件下PRHRS、CMT系统运行的可行性和应急堆芯冷却的有效性。结果表明:在事故条件下,PRHRS、CMT系统能够及时、有效地排出堆芯衰变热,保证堆芯的安全。此结论对AP1000电站的实际运行有一定的参考作用。     

The influence of ocean conditions on thermal-hydraulic characteristics of a passive residual heat removal system

There are many differences between the flow and heat transfer characteristics of nuclear reactors under ocean and land-based conditions for the effects of ocean waves. In this paper, thermal hydraulic characteristics of a passive residual heat removal system (PRHRS) for an integrated pressurized water reactor (IPWR) in ocean environment were investigated theoretically. A series of reasonable theoretical models for a PRHRS in an IPWR were established. These models mainly include the core, once-through steam generator, nitrogen pressurizer, main coolant pump, flow and heat transfer and ocean motion models. The flow and heat transfer models are suitable for the core with plate-type fuel element and the once-through steam generator with annular channel, respectively. A transient analysis code in FORTRAN 90 format has been developed to analyze the thermal–hydraulic characteristics of the PRHRS under ocean conditions. The code was implemented to analyze the effects of different ocean motions on the transient thermal-hydraulic characteristics of PRHRS. It is found that the oscillating amplitudes and periods of the system parameters are determined by those of the ocean motions. The effect of rolling motion is more obvious than that of pitching motion when the amplitudes and periods of rolling and pitching motions are the same. The obtained analysis results are significant to the improvement design of the PRHRS and the safety operation of the IPWR.     

Steady characteristic investigation on passive residual heat removal system of Chinese advanced PWR

Thermal-hydraulic characteristic investigation on passive residual heat removal system (PRHRS) of Chinese advanced PWR was conducted to provide input data for PRHRS design and to demonstrate the feasibility of unique design features. A total of 237 sets of test data at steady state have been obtained and the main influence factors on the two-phase natural circulation flow rate and residual heat removal capability were identified. On the basis of theory analysis, a correlation of two-phase natural circulation was obtained, and relative errors of 95% test data were less than ±16%. There is a considerable effect of the system status parameters on the threshold of height between heat source and heat sink, and its correlation of two-phase natural circulation system has been obtained. The steady characteristic research shows that PRHRS has the capability of removing the core decay power through natural circulation.     

福岛条件下AP1000核电厂事故前期研究

假设AP1000核电厂发生类似福岛核事故的初因事件,利用RELAP5/MOD3.3程序对事故早期的一、二回路系统和非能动安全系统进行模拟计算,得到了反应堆冷却剂系统压力、堆芯冷却剂温度、非能动安全系统流量等重要参数的瞬态变化。分析表明：在非能动余热排出系统完好的情况下,反应堆系统能顺利进入热停堆状态;如果非能动余热排出系统1根换热管发生双端断裂,则反应堆系统将会在5 h内发生严重事故。     

非能动余热排出系统敏感性分析

以中国改进型压水堆核电站CPR1000为研究对象,在其蒸汽发生器二次侧设计了一套非能动余热排出系统（PRHRS）,该系统采用在蒸汽发生器二次侧建立自然循环的方式间接带走堆芯余热,确保事故条件下堆芯安全。用RELAP5/MOD3.2程序对系统进行了合理的简化并建模,在全场断电（SBO）事故条件下模拟了PRHRS的瞬态响应过程,并对高位水箱的容积、PRHRS换热器的换热面积、冷热中心高度差以及PRHRS的投入时间等影响PRHRS工作特性的相关参数进行了敏感性分析。计算结果表明：增加高位水箱的容积和增大换热面积均有助于二次侧余热排出系统带走一回路的堆芯余热;降低冷热中心高度差对PRHRS的自然循环能力影响不大;余热排出系统投入时间越早,蒸汽发生器二次侧水位越高,越有利于一次侧余热的排出。     

全厂断电事故工况下小型铅铋快堆余热排出能力评价

小型铅铋快堆的非能动余热排出系统（PRHRS）主要是为应对全厂断电（SBO）事故,但目前并不确定该PRHRS能否有效带走堆芯衰变热以保证堆芯安全,因此开展了数值分析研究评价PRHRS的余热排出能力。本文使用RELAP5 4.0程序开展了小型铅铋快堆SBO事故热工水力分析,首先进行稳态计算,之后将稳态结果作为初值进行瞬态计算。研究结果表明：在整个SBO事故中,包壳峰值温度最高为820 K,主容器与保护容器壁面最高温度分别为792 K和769 K,均未超过安全限值,表明此PRHRS可有效应对小型铅铋快堆SBO事故。本文研究可为小型铅铋快堆PRHRS的工程设计奠定技术基础。     

摇摆条件下海上浮动堆全厂断电事故分析

为研究海洋条件对海上浮动堆全厂断电事故后的事故进程及非能动安全系统运行特性的影响,通过建立海洋条件加速度场模型,基于RELAP5程序开发获得了适用于海上浮动堆的系统分析程序,并对程序进行了实验验证。利用所开发的程序通过建立双环路海上浮动堆及二次侧非能动余热排出系统的计算模型,开展了不同摇摆运动参数下海上浮动堆全厂断电事故的计算分析。计算结果表明,船体的横摇运动可加快全厂断电事故后浮动堆系统压力和温度的下降速度,堆芯余热能够被二次侧非能动余热排出系统有效导出;但横摇运动会造成事故后堆芯自然循环流量的显著降低,引起一回路系统和非能动余热排出系统中自然循环流量的大幅度振荡及周期性倒流。本文计算结果可为海上浮动堆非能动安全系统的设计提供参考。     

The development and verification of thermal-hydraulic code on passive residual heat removal system of Chinese advanced PWR

1 Introduction The technology of passive safety is the trend of safety systems in nuclear power plant, and various novel reactor concepts, including AP600, EPP1000, SPWR, WWER1000, and MS600, have adopted pas- sive safety systems [1]. Passive safety system is one of the main features of Chinese advanced PWR, which is different from other conventional PWR [2]. Passive residual heat removal system (PRHRS), which ac- counts for the majority of passive safety systems of Chinese advanced…     

An integral effect test of a complete loss of reactor coolant system flow rate for the SMART design using the VISTA-ITL facility and its simulation with the MARS-KS code

An integral effect test was successfully performed to provide data to assess the capability of the system analysis code to simulate a complete loss of reactor coolant system (RCS) flow rate (CLOF) scenario for the SMART (System-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor) design. The steady-state conditions were achieved to satisfy initial test conditions presented in the test requirement, its boundary conditions were accurately simulated, and the CLOF scenario in the SMART design was reproduced properly using the VISTA-ITL facility. The natural circulation flow rate in the RCS was about 12.0% of the rated RCS flow rate and the flow rate in the passive residual heat removal system (PRHRS) loop was about 10.6% of its rated value in the early stage of the PRHRS operation. In this paper, the major experimental results of the CLOF test are discussed. The test results were analyzed using the best-estimate system analysis code, MARS-KS, to assess its capability to simulate a CLOF scenario for the SMART design.