一种用于自稳零放大器的伪随机信号发生器

提出了一种用于自稳零运算放大器的伪随机信号发生器电路.该电路结合了线性反馈移位寄存器和多级计数器,实现了输出信号的频率在一定范围内随机变化的功能.利用7级线性反馈移位寄存器生成的7位伪随机码对多级计数器进行置位,计数器以置位后的状态开始计数.当计数器计满时,输出信号跳变一次.同时,线性反馈移位寄存器生成新的伪随机码对计数器电路进行重新置位,计数器再重新计数.最终产生频率在一定范围内随机变化的输出信号.该输出信号作为自稳零放大器失调校准电路的开关时序信号,使自稳零运放的失调电压校准电路（开关电容结构）的开关动作具有随机化特征,产生的开关毛刺类似随机噪声,改善了自稳零放大器失调电压的校准效果.该伪随机信号发生器电路采用0.5μm CMOS工艺实现.仿真结果表明,该信号发生器电路实现产生的输出信号的频率在2 kHz到4 kHz范围内随机变化.将其用于自稳零运算放大器的失调电压校准中,自稳零运放输出信号中的谐波显著降低.     

10 bit 80 Msample/s流水线ADC的电路级设计

实现了0.18μmCMOS模拟工艺、1.8V电源电压下10位分辨率、80MHz采样率的流水线ADC的电路级设计,采用栅压自举的采样开关和增益提升运放保证ADC的精度;采用复位结构的SHC和MDAC消除运放失调电压的影响;采用动态比较器并优化每级电容以降低功耗.当输入信号幅度为1Vpp时,ADC在整个量化范围内无失码,当输入信号频率为39MHz时,可获得71.6dB的无失真动态范围和60.56dB的信噪失真比.     

一款基于电荷泵高压内电源的恒定跨导轨到轨运算放大器

设计了一款基于电荷泵高压内电源的恒定跨导轨到轨运算放大器.输入级采用PMOS差分对结构,通过电荷泵产生高于电源电压的输入级内电源,使运放在轨到轨输入范围能正常工作并保持输入跨导恒定.电荷泵电路所需的时钟信号通过内部振荡器电路产生,再通过电压自举电路和时序电路产生所需电平的非交叠开关控制信号,最后利用时间交织结构输出连续稳定的高压内电源.在电荷泵实现中还采用了辅助开关结合跟随运放的结构降低了主开关在切换时的毛刺.该运放在折叠式共源共栅结构中使用增益自举结构提高了总体增益,输出级采用class AB类输出结构实现轨到轨输出.该运算放大器基于0.5μm CMOS工艺完成电路与版图设计,仿真结果表明,在5 V电源电压下,直流增益为150.76 dB,单位增益带宽为53.407 MHz,相位裕度为96.1°,输入级跨导在轨到轨输入共模范围内的变化率为0.001 25%.     

一种适用于ISFET读出的高精度CMOS运放设计

介绍了一种适用于ISFET读出的高精度CMOS运放设计.该运放可为ISFET提供恒定电流、电压偏置,从而便于构建读出电路并于微传感器单片集成.通过运用连续时间自调零技术,大大降低了运放的失调电压、1/f,噪声和温漂等低频噪声.该设计基于0.35/μm CMOS工艺,电源电压3.3V,运放的开环增益超过100dB,输入等效失调电压低至11/μV,总功耗仅为1.48mW.应用该运放实现的pH微传感器已通过实验验证.     

一种适用于ISFET读出的高精度CMOS运放设计

介绍了一种适用于ISFET读出的高精度CMOS运放设计.该运放可为ISFET提供恒定电流、电压偏置,从而便于构建读出电路并于微传感器单片集成.通过运用连续时间自调零技术,大大降低了运放的失调电压、1/f,噪声和温漂等低频噪声.该设计基于0.35/μm CMOS工艺,电源电压3.3V,运放的开环增益超过100dB,输入等效失调电压低至11/μV,总功耗仅为1.48mW.应用该运放实现的pH微传感器已通过实验验证.     

一种基于0.6μm BCD工艺的40V高压输出自稳零运算放大器北大核心

设计实现了一种基于0.6μm BCD工艺的40 V高压输出自稳零运算放大器。该运算放大器采用了时间交织自稳零结构，实现了对输入失调电压的连续校准，同时使用40 V耐压PDMOS管和NDMOS管，实现了ClassAB结构的高压输出。运算放大器的输入级和自稳零校准电路采用0.6μm普通MOS管实现，均工作在5 V电源电压下；放大级和输出级中部分晶体管采用非对称结构的40 V DMOS管，实现了高压输出。整体电路中只有DMOS管的漏源电压承受40 V的耐压，其余MOS管的各端电压均在正常的工作范围内，没有耐压超限风险。前仿真结果表明，该运算放大器在5 V和40 V双电源电压下工作正常，输入失调电压为0.78μV,输出电压范围为3.0～37.7 V,等效直流增益为142.7 dB,单位增益带宽为1.9 MHz,共模抑制比为154.8 dB,40 V电源抑制比为152.3 dB,5 V电源抑制比为134.9 dB。     

一种用于高速14位A/D转换器的采样/保持电路

介绍了一种采用0.35 μm CMOS工艺的开关电容结构采样/保持电路.电路采用差分单位增益结构,通过时序控制,降低了沟道注入电荷的影响;采用折叠共源共栅增益增强结构放大器,获得了要求的增益和带宽.经过电路模拟仿真,采样/保持电路在80 MSPS、输入信号(Vpp)为2 V、电源电压3 V时,最大谐波失真为-90 dB.该电路应用于一款80 MSPS 14位流水线结构A/D转换器.测试结果显示:A/D转换器的DNL为0.8/-0.9 LSB,INL为3.1/-3.7 LSB,SNR为70.2 dB,SFDR为89.3 dB.     

微弱神经信号探测CMOS放大器

采用CSMC 0. 5 μm CMOS工艺设计了微弱神经信号探测放大器芯片.电路适用于卡肤电极.电路采用并联运算放大器差动输入的三运放结构,具有输入阻抗高、共模抑制比高的特点.为防止运算放大器产生振荡,采用了带调零电阻的密勒补偿技术对运放进行频率补偿.电路工作电压±2.5 V,单个运放的功耗为734 μW,增益86.2 dB.电路功耗1.9 mW,增益80 dB,3 dB带宽大于10 kHz,可满足神经信号探测的应用要求.     

采用输入信号适配技术的BiCMOS运放

为了满足高性能开关电源中集成运放的应用需要,设计了一种结构简单且具有轨对轨输出的运算放大器.该运放基于0.5μm BiCMOS 工艺,采用浮动输出的输入信号适配器(ISAFO),将输入信号放大至差分输入级的工作区域,从而实现了轨对轨的运行.对所设计的运放进行了仿真分析,结果表明在工作电源电压为±0.75 V、外接100 kΩ电阻的条件下,该运放的直流开环增益达到了102 dB,单位增益-带宽为6.35 MHz,相位裕度为62.5°,而功耗仅约为150 μW.所设计的运放具有很宽的共模输入范围及较高的增益,所以特别适用于开关电源的误差放大器、过流、过压和过热保护模块中.     

一种14位100 MS/s的流水线模数转换器

设计了一种14位100 MS/s的流水线模数转换器(ADC)。采样保持电路与第1级2.5位乘法数模转换器(MDAC1)共享运放,降低了功耗。提出了一种改进的跨导可变双输入开关运放,以满足采样保持和MDAC1对运放的不同要求,并消除记忆效应和级间串扰。ADC后级采用5级1.5位运放共享结构。基于0.18 μm CMOS工艺,ADC核心面积为1.4 mm²。后仿真结果表明,在1.8 V电源电压下,当采样速率为100 MS/s、输入信号频率为46 MHz时,ADC的信噪比(SNR)为82.6 dB,信噪失真比(SNDR)为78.7 dB,无杂散动态范围(SFDR)为84.1 dB,总谐波失真(THD)为-81.0 dB,有效位数(ENOB)达12.78位。ADC整体功耗为116 mW。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks