双凸极电机非导通相电流尾巴的研究

文中基于采用单斩桥臂上管PWM调制方式的12/8极转子斜槽式双凸极电机,对每个导通区间内非导通相的电流尾巴进行了深入研究。给出非导通相工作特性的分析,阐述了非导通相电机尾巴的产生机理,给出电流尾巴出现时刻、消失时刻及电流尾巴大小的解析式,分析其对电机运行的影响,并讨论了输入电压变化、三相绕组反电势变化、负载变化及霍尔位置调整准确度等多种因素对电流尾巴的影响,从而揭示了电流尾巴的产生与单斩电流滞环控制机理及三相绕组瞬时变化之间的内在关系,及影响电流尾巴大小的诸多因素,并通过实验验证了文中分析及结论的正确性。     

一种导通区间优化的开关磁阻电机无位置传感器起动方法

无位置传感器起动运行技术一直是开关磁阻电机研究的热点与难点。对开关磁阻电机初始定位后的起动运行阶段进行了研究,提出了一种基于导通相与非导通相电流斜率差值交点法的开关磁阻电机无位置传感器起动运行方法。该方法利用三相绕组的对称性,在导通相与非导通相电流斜率差值交点处确定即将导通相的0°位置,并在该位置完成换向;优化了起动运行的导通区间,起动效率较高,实现了与高速无位置传感器算法的平滑过渡,进而实现全速范围内的无位置传感器运行。仿真及实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性与有效性。     

开关磁阻电机滞环斩波控制无位置传感器技术

提出一种滞环斩波PWM控制和时间阀值比较相结合的开关磁阻电机特征位置估计方法。在电机驱动运行中,导通相采用滞环斩波控制,滞环斩波PWM开通时间随相电感增大而增大,当转子到达极对极对齐的特征位置时开始减小,所以通过比较相邻两个滞环斩波PWM开通时间的大小,即可得到特征位置的位置检索脉冲信号。在电机刚开通时刻,相电流从零上升到斩波上限,第一个滞环斩波PWM开通时间比其后面相邻的滞环斩波PWM开通时间长,因此在开通角位置也产生一个位置检索脉冲,但该位置检索脉冲信号是随着开通角变化而变化,不能作为位置估计的基准,为此,用了时间阀值比较的方法,除去该位置检索脉冲信号。由于算法中各估计相是相互独立的,所以该算法具有缺相容错运行性能。实验验证了算法的可行性和正确性。     

单斩电流滞环控制的双凸极永磁电机三相桥式功率变换器中的电流尾巴

双凸极永磁电机的功率控制器通常采用电流滞环斩波控制.文中基于12/8极转子斜槽式双凸极永磁电机,研究了单斩电流滞环控制的三相桥式功率控制电路;提出采用这种控制方案的三相桥式变换器,每相绕组在关断时段内,会出现两段电流尾巴,削弱电机出力,增加系统损耗.文中首先介绍了单斩电流滞环控制方案,给出基于这种控制方案的三相桥式功率变换器稳态工作原理分析,阐述了电流尾巴的产生机理,给出电流尾巴出现时刻及电流尾巴大小的解析式,指出其危害性,并讨论了三相绕组反电势对称性及霍尔位置调整的准确度对电流尾巴的影响,实验结果证明了文中研究及结论的正确性.     

基于电流斩波控制的开关磁阻电机脉冲宽度调制占空比解析计算法

该文提出一种基于电流斩波控制的脉冲宽度调制(PWM)占空比解析计算方法,用以解决开关磁阻电机驱动系统电流斩波控制方式下电流脉动大的问题。结合电流斩波控制原理和实际控制过程,分析了斩波电流脉动大的主要原因。根据开关磁阻电机的电磁关系,分别推导了使绕组电流在小电感区单调上升并恰好达到给定参考电流,以及在电感明显上升区使绕组电流基本保持恒定的PWM占空比计算公式。提出一种通过实验测定小电感区电感值与电感明显上升区绕组电感对转子位置斜率的方法,对不同绕组电流条件下的斜率进行了曲线拟合,并将该曲线用于PWM占空比的在线计算。最后,与传统电流斩波控制法进行对比实验,结果证明PWM占空比解析计算方法有效地减小了电流脉动,提高了电机的控制性能。     

方波无刷直流电动机不导通相电流分析

方波无刷直流电动机控制通常采用两相导通、三相六状态PWM方式运行,任意时刻只有两相绕组导通,另一相绕组不导通.通常忽略不导通相的电流.研究表明,不导通相的电流明显存在,而且有规律且对电机性能会产生影响.结合上下桥臂轮流斩波PWM调制方式,从理论上分析了不导通相电流产生的原因,并进行了实验研究,表明不导通相电流的大小与不导通相的反电势大小有关.     

永磁同步电机两相斩波式电流滞环控制

电流滞环控制是永磁同步电机(PMSM)常见的控制方法。本文在传统滞环控制的基础上,提出以两相斩波替代三相斩波的改进控制方案。文中介绍了两相斩波的设计思路,阐述了其控制流程,并分析了改进方案对降低开关损耗、提高系统效率所能起到的作用。实验结果验证了改进方案的可行性与有效性。     

基于电流斜率差值法的开关磁阻电机无位置传感器技术

研究了一种开关磁阻电机中低速运行时的新型无位置传感器控制策略,这种策略适用于电机斩波运行模式。以12/8结构电机为例,在整个周期内向非导通相中注入高频脉冲,实时检测三相电流上升斜率与下降斜率之差,这些离散的差值经过滤波后分别形成三条包络线,这些包络线与相电感存在着特定的关系,它们的交点代表转子的特殊位置,根据相邻两个交点的间隔时间计算出电机转速,进一步可推算得出其他位置点。分析了这种策略的特点,仿真和实验的结果验证了该算法的正确性和可行性。     

基于电流软斩波的开关磁阻电机分段PWM变占空比控制

开关磁阻电机在启动和低速运行时常采用电流斩波控制,但是实际应用中会出现电流超出滞环区间的现象,由此带来较大的电流脉动和转矩脉动。该文对这种现象进行分析,并结合脉宽调制技术和分段控制,提出一种优化的基于电流软斩波的开关磁阻电机分段脉宽调制(pulsewidth modulation,PWM)变占空比控制方法。该方法通过改变PWM占空比调节绕组两端励磁和退磁电压,并依据电感线性模型进行区间分段,不同导通区间采用不同的占空比。通过仿真得到不同速度、参考电流下的最优占空比,拟合出占空比–转速–电流函数关系式。最后通过仿真和实验对该文的控制方法进行验证,证明优化后的控制方法能够克服传统软斩波控制的缺陷,达到较好的电流跟踪效果,具有较高的实际应用价值。     

永磁无刷直流电动机非换相区间转矩特性研究

分析了5种PWM调制方式对永磁无刷直流电动机(BLDCM)非导通相电流和非换相期间转矩脉动的影响.理论推导得到:单斩上桥调制关断时,截止相在其反电动势小于零的30°区间产生续流;单斩下桥调制关断时,截止相在其反电动势大于零的30°区间产生续流;双斩调制时,截止相不会续流.非换相期间,电磁转矩脉动主要来源于PWM调制关断时的续流,单斩调制两相续流转矩脉动小于三相续流转矩脉动,单斩调制转矩脉动小于双斩调制转矩脉动.通过仿真实验,验证了理论分析结果的正确性.     

Dual AC-drive system with a reduced switch count

A dual current-regulated pulsewidth-modulated voltage-source inverter based on multiple two-phase PWM inverters, also called a B4 topology, requiring a dual AC-drive system with reduced switch count is proposed. The drive utilizes a total of only eight switches to produce two sets of three-phase or two-phase sinusoidal output currents that can be employed to feed three-phase or two-phase induction motors. A suitable control strategy of this new scheme is shown to minimize the single-phase current now through the DC-link capacitors, which is a common problem in reduced-switch-count topologies. In order to verify the performance of the motor drive system, an application on traction of an electric vehicle is carried out. Results show that the AC current through the DC link can be minimized, and when utilizing two-phase motors on the proposed dual drive, the reduced voltage gain problem, also common in B4 topologies feeding three-phase motors, can be solved     

双凸极永磁电机中五种PWM控制方式下的电流拖尾现象

基于12/8极转子斜槽式双凸极永磁电机,简要介绍了其基本工作原理,然后分别在五种基本的PWM控制方式下,对一周期每工作区间内关断相绕组的工作情况进行了研究.研究表明,除PWM双斩控制方式外,其余四种PWM单斩控制方式下,均会在关断相绕组中出现一类特殊的电流拖尾现象.本文对电流拖尾产生机理进行了详细推导和阐述,给出了不同PWM控制方式下绕组电流的典型波形及分析,探讨了电流拖尾对电机运行的影响.基于四种PWM单斩方式下电流拖尾产生机理的相似性,文末以单斩桥臂上管的H_pwm-L_on型控制方式为例,给出相关实验结果,验证了理论分析及结论的正确性.     

一种消除无刷直流电动机换相转矩脉动的PWM调制策略

无刷直流电动机由于本体设计和特有的控制策略存在较严重的转矩脉动问题。为了解决这一问题,提出一种简单的消除换相转矩脉动的换相区PWM调制策略。在换相时,通过三相配合调制,将换相过程中的每个PWM周期分成包含5个中心对称区间的3个功能区。通过计算给三相中的每一相分配不同的调制占空比,使关断相电流的下降速度和导通相电流的上升速度在每个PWM周期内保持相等。所提方法不仅可以消除转矩脉动,还可以通过不同的功能区比例组合来调节换相持续时间。给出所提方法的推导过程,并通过实验验证了所提方法的正确性和可行性。     

Digital field-oriented control for dual three-phase induction motor drives

A direct rotor-field-oriented control of a dual-three phase induction motor drive is described in this paper. The induction machine has two sets of stator three-phase windings spatially shifted by 30 electrical degrees. The stator windings are fed by a current-controlled pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) six-phase voltage-source inverter. Three key issues are discussed: (1) the machine dynamic model is based on the vector space decomposition theory; (2) the PWM strategy uses the double zero-sequence injection modulation technique which gives good results with low computational and hardware requirements; and (3) to eliminate the inherent asymmetries of the drive power section, a new current control scheme is proposed. Experimental results are presented for a 10-kW dual three-phase induction motor drive prototype.     

A new simultaneous gating GTO dual converter-fed DC motor drivewithout circulating current

A new dual power converter, comprised of two three-phase AC-DC pulse width modulated (PWM) gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) converters, is proposed. The gating pulse pattern of the converters is chosen such that no circulating current flows between the converters when they are operated simultaneously. In addition, a good input power factor is obtained with less ripple in the output current. A symmetrical type of gating is worked out in which all the GTOs in the converter are switched an equal number of times during each cycle of the source voltage. The motor current is free to reverse naturally at any moment, and hence, the possibility of discontinuous conduction of the motor current does not arise. A four quadrant, closed loop, speed controlled DC motor drive fed from the proposed dual converter is designed, constructed, and tested. The experimental results obtained are shown to be in good agreement with theory     

基于基波PWM激励和简化电流斜率测量的多相永磁同步电机转子位置估测技术

当前基于逆变器基波脉宽调制激励的双三相永磁同步电机(DTP-PMSM)无位置传感器的算法无需注入高频信号即可实现低速和零速控制。但是,该方法在非零电压矢量期间需要多次对电流进行采样,算法的实施比较复杂,对硬件要求较高,阻碍了这种方法在工业中的实际运用。为此,本文研究了一种改进算法。该方法直接利用DTP-PMSM本身的凸极效应,从静止坐标系下,以同步采样的方式提取相邻两个PWM周期内平均电流变化率,进而实现转子位置估测。此新方法实现了为位置估测进行的电流采样与为电流环控制进行的电流采样之间的同步,大幅降低了算法的实施难度。论文最后通过仿真验证了所提新方法在低速和零速运行条件下的有效性。     

基于高转矩电流比的开关磁阻电机DITC优化控制

针对开关磁阻电机在直接瞬时转矩控制(DITC)中电流上升初期峰峰值过高而导致转矩脉动增大和电机效率减小的问题,提出了一种基于脉宽调制(PWM)的DITC优化策略.该策略在传统DITC的基础上,依据最大转矩电流比(MTPA)的思想,分析得到电感斜率的变化点为转矩电流比最大的点,以此对每相机械角进行扇区划分,在新划分的区间...     

Current regulator instabilities on parallel voltage-sourceinverters

Parallel inverters are often used to meet system power requirements beyond the capacity of the largest single structure. They have also been used to reduce harmonics, reduce pulsewidth modulation (PWM) switching frequency and increase available output voltage or frequency. The type of parallel structure depends on the construction of the load motor; the most prevalent are dual three-phase machines, split-phase machines, six-phase machines, and a standard three-phase machine with interphase reactors. Operation of parallel structures presents areas for investigation encompassing analysis, simulation, control, and design. This paper reports on the commissioning of a 775 HP dual-winding three-phase motor with parallel inverters. A simple method of paralleling structures with carrier-based PWM current regulators to independently regulate each inverter's current is employed. Experimental results show a loss of current control that is similar to a random event. The instability between the parallel inverters and the common motor can result in large uncontrolled currents. Simulations established that the reduction in controller gain, as the regulator enters the PWM pulse-dropping or overmodulation region, results in a loss of current control. Experimental results show the loss of current control is the result of an interaction between the parallel inverters through the dual-wound three-phase motor. Modifications were made to the modulator and a two-phase discontinuous controller was employed; the gain characteristic of the two-phase modulator in the overmodulation region extends the dynamic range of the motor drive     

Delta-modulated buck-type PWM converter

A delta-modulated, current-source, three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier is described. The rectifier is intended to be used in conjunction with controlled current inverters. An outer proportional feedback loop regulates the unidirectional output current flowing through the DC link. An inner feedback loop maintains near sinusoidal waveform currents at unity or leading power factor from the utility power supply. The inner loop controls the current indirectly by delta modulation of the voltage across the AC terminals of the converter. The converter has been conceived as the circuit dual of the hysteresis current-controlled boost-type rectifier. Experimental results from a laboratory model are presented