基于改进深度残差收缩网络的旋转机械故障诊断

旋转机械振动信号在多层深度学习过程中会出现退化和过拟合现象,同时含噪数据样本也会使模型故障诊断正确率偏低,数据样本不平衡会引起模型训练具有倾向性,针对以上一系列问题,提出了一种基于改进型深度残差收缩网络(DRSN)的旋转机械故障诊断方法。首先,对多故障、长时间序列数据样本进行了矩阵化处理,得到了模型容易接受的多维度灰度图故障样本;针对旋转机械从正常状态到故障状态的机械老化过程,采用了多点随机采样方法,构建了全寿命周期数据样本,用于后续的故障诊断;然后,在卷积神经网络(CNN)的基础上,通过引入残差项、注意力机制和焦点损失函数,构建起了多层深度残差收缩网络,对旋转机械进行了故障诊断(其中,残差项降低了训练过程中样本数据的特征损失,避免了模型的退化和过拟合;注意力机制和软阈值化自动设置噪声阈值,降低了噪声对故障诊断精度的影响;焦点损失函数修正了模型训练的倾向性,提高了模型训练效率和灵敏性);最后,利用滚动轴承数据库样本对模型的性能进行了实例验证。研究结果表明：DRSN模型在训练过程中没有出现明显的退化现象,能够始终保持较高的训练效率和故障诊断精度,有效避免了噪声干扰,在不平衡数据集上修正了...     

基于强制特征适配的卷积抗噪模型的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承在噪声背景下的故障诊断研究不足的问题,提出一种基于卷积-注意力机制-强制特征适配(AMCNN-MFA)模型。卷积网络用于对振动信号进行高层特征提取,网络首尾加入通道注意力机制(CAM)用于动态分配特征通道的权重,过滤部分无效信息以减小干扰;强制特征适配(MFA)用于将原始样本和噪声样本中相同故障标签的特征进行领域重合,获取不变特征,实现了模型的适应噪声环境的能力。在不同轴承数据集中添加-10～10 dB噪声的测试集的试验结果表明：AMCNN-MFA模型的平均故障分类准确率高于96%且波动不超过0.4%,优于其他抗噪模型,具备较好的分类性能和鲁棒性,能够应对复杂噪声干扰场景下的滚动轴承故障诊断。     

极限标签下基于解耦特征伪标签传播的故障诊断

面对实际工程中标签稀少,尤其是单类样本仅1个标签的极限标签场景,现有半监督诊断方法的故障识别能力严重不足。为此,本文提出一种基于解耦特征伪标签传播算法的半监督故障诊断方法。首先,引入局部选择的并行集成异常检测方法分离故障样本;其次,提出基于解耦特征的伪标签传播算法,通过解耦对抗自编码器获得增强的故障特征,进而通过故障特征降维、特征分布伪质心标定与距离度量实现高效伪标签传播;最后,利用伪标签故障样本训练故障分类器,结合异常检测实现高准确率故障诊断。两个旋转部件数据集上的实验结果表明,所提方法在单类故障标签数量为1时,同工况和跨工况实验下的平均诊断准确率分别超过97%和90%,明显优于对比方法。     

小样本下混合自注意力原型网络的风电齿轮箱故障诊断方法

针对部分风场因有标签故障样本数据稀少而导致风电齿轮箱故障诊断准确率不高的问题,提出了一种小样本下混合自注意力原型网络的故障诊断方法。首先,通过原型网络将振动信号映射到故障特征度量空间;然后采用位置自注意力机制和通道自注意力机制进行矩阵融合构建混合自注意力模块,建立原始振动信号的全局依赖关系,获取更具判别性的特征信息,学习风电齿轮箱各健康状态下的度量原型;最后通过度量分类器进行模式识别,实现小样本条件下风电齿轮箱的故障诊断。实验结果表明,所提出的混合自注意力原型网络故障诊断方法在不同小样本数据集上均能实现风电齿轮箱高精度故障诊断。     

基于对称式对比学习的齿轮箱无监督故障诊断方法

针对跨工况下无监故障诊断特征提取难、模型泛化性弱的问题,提出一种基于对称式对比学习策略的齿轮箱无监督故障诊断方法。首先,利用原始信号构建正负样本集,通过加噪声、序列倒转等数据增强后,分别输入两个结构相同的卷积神经网络提取高维特征;其次,度量正负样本的相似程度进行编码学习数据的隐藏表示,通过对称式自监督对比学习优化正负样本的对比估计损失函数,从而有效利用样本自身标签信息,提升网络从无标签样本中学习判别特征的能力;最后,在齿轮箱数据集上对所提方法开展试验验证,通过聚类准确率、分类系数和划分熵进行综合评估。结果表明,所提方法聚类精度可达98%以上,相比其他方法,呈现了更强的聚类能力和泛化性能。     

混合注意力机制的旋转机械故障诊断方法

针对旋转机械故障诊断问题,提出一种基于混合注意力机制的旋转机械故障诊断方法。首先将通道注意力模块和空间注意力模块进行串联构成混合注意力模块,并将其加入到LeNet5卷积神经网络中;然后将旋转机械振动信号进行连续小波变换,转换为时频图像;最后通过嵌有混合注意力模块的LeNet5网络对时频图像进行识别从而判定旋转机械故障类型。实验结果表明：提出的方法具有较高的故障识别准确率,能够有效判定旋转机械的运行状态。     

结合多尺度上下文信息的唐卡小样本目标检测

通过对图像中感兴趣的对象进行分类与定位,能够帮助人们理解唐卡图像丰富的语义信息,促进文化传承。针对唐卡图像样本较少,背景复杂,检测目标存在遮挡,检测精度不高等问题,本文提出了一种结合多尺度上下文信息和双注意力引导的唐卡小样本目标检测算法。首先,构建了一个新的多尺度特征金字塔,学习唐卡图像的多层级特征和上下文信息,提高模型对多尺度目标的判别能力。其次,在特征金字塔末端加入双注意力引导模块,提升模型对关键特征的表征能力,同时降低噪声的影响。最后利用Rank&Sort Loss替换交叉熵分类损失,简化模型训练的复杂度并提升检测精度。实验结果表明,所提出的方法在唐卡数据集和COCO数据集上的10-shot实验中,平均检测精度分别达到了19.7%和11.2%。     

改进掩码自编码器的滚动轴承半监督故障诊断

针对滚动轴承在不同转速条件下数据分布不同以及实际工程应用中标签样本不足导致故障诊断精度低的问题,将领域适配模块融入掩码自编码器(MAE)中,提出了改进掩码自编码器(IMAE)的滚动轴承半监督故障诊断方法。首先,对滚动轴承振动信号进行连续小波变换(CWT)得到反应信号时频特征的二维时频图,然后对时频图随机掩码,利用无标签样本进行掩码自编码器预训练,获得数据中复杂的内在特征,减少对有标签样本的依赖;其次将领域适配模块引入到预训练后的编码器中,使用少量有标签源域数据对IMAE进行微调,在希尔伯特空间中利用最小化最大均值差异减小因转速不同造成的源域与目标域间数据分布差异;最后在Softmax分类层下实现滚动轴承半监督故障诊断。通过滚动轴承数据集实验验证,所提方法检测精度均达到94%以上,证明了该方法的可行性与有效性。     

基于局部平衡判别投影的旋转机械故障诊断方法

针对旋转机械故障数据的多类别、高维复杂特性导致的分类困难问题,提出一种基于局部平衡判别投影(LBDP)的故障数据集降维方法。从时域、频域和时频域多个角度提取转子振动信号的混合特征,构建原始高维故障特征集;通过LBDP选择出其中最能反映故障本质的敏感特征子集;将得到的低维特征子集输入到K近邻分类器(KNN)中进行故障模式辨识。通过一个双转子系统的振动信号集合验证了所提出方法的有效性,证明了该方法能够全面地提取出局部判别信息,使故障类别之间的差异性更清晰。     

循环神经网络多标签航空图像分类

由于航空图像背景复杂,包含的物体类别多样,航空图像分类任务仍然面临困难。针对传统航空图像多标签分类算法准确率低、泛化性差的问题,本文提出了一种基于循环神经网络多标签航空图像分类方法。首先,采用超像素分割获取图像的低层特征,通过注意力机制生成注意力特征图;接着,采用交叉验证的方式获取最佳的图像尺度,将多尺度注意力特征图嵌入卷积神经网络中对图像进行特征提取;最后,采用改进的双向长短期记忆网络挖掘标签之间的相关性,改进的双向长短期记忆网络增加了输入门到输出门之间的连接,使输入状态可以更好地控制每一内存单元输出的信息,并且将遗忘门和输入门合并成单一的更新门,使得改进的双向长短期记忆网络可以学到更长时期的历史信息。结果显示,在图像变换尺度为1,1.3,2时,模型在UCM多标签数据集上的精确率和召回率分别达到了85.33%和87.05%,F1值达到了0.862。本文方法相比于原始VGGNet16模型,精确率提高了7.25%,召回率提高了8.94%。实验表明,该方法可以有效提高航空图像多标签分类任务的准确率。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.