共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 86 毫秒
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以山茶油为原料提取4种形态酚类化合物(游离态、酯化、糖苷态、不溶性结合态),通过单因素实验优化提取条件,测定了不同形态酚类化合物总酚、总黄酮和缩合单宁含量,并采用DPPH、ABTS、FRAC和ORACFL4种方法评价不同形态酚类化合物抗氧化能力的差异。结果表明:山茶油中酯化、糖苷态及不溶性结合态酚类化合物的最佳水解时间分别为4、1、4 h,最佳液料比(体积比)分别为2∶ 1、1∶ 1、4∶ 1;山茶油中总酚含量(TPC)为(225.74±0.10)μg/g,主要以糖苷态存在,占总TPC的57.02%;山茶油中4种形态酚类化合物抗氧化能力的强弱顺序为糖苷态酚类化合物>不溶性结合态酚类化合物>酯化酚类化合物>游离态酚类化合物。 相似文献
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杂豆中除了含有丰富的营养及生物活性物质外,还含有植酸、皂苷、胰蛋白酶抑制剂、凝集素等抗营养因子,这些物质种类多、检测过程复杂、检测能力各不相同。采用一定的处理方法不仅可以破坏它们的结构、降低含量,而且能在加工过程中最大程度保留杂豆中的营养成分。本文详细评价了抗营养因子的检测方法,分析、比较了多种检测方法的优缺点、适用范围、灵敏度,并介绍了以热处理为主的几种常见抗营养因子消除方法的原理、流程、抑制效果、优缺点。旨在为杂豆中抗营养因子的分析方法选择、改进及其控制提供一些参考。
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为了确定发芽过程中杂豆酚类物质的变化规律,研究了浸泡和发芽对六种杂豆中总酚、总黄酮、总花青素、总缩合单宁含量以及总抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明,浸泡处理可显著降低大部分杂豆酚类物质含量和总抗氧化能力,但浸泡后的绿豆中总酚、黑小豆中总黄酮、红芸豆中总花青素显著升高(P0.05)。发芽可显著提高黑大豆、黑小豆、绿豆和红芸豆酚类物质含量且在发4 d或5 d出现最大值,对红小豆和紫花芸豆的酚类物质无显著影响或使其显著降低(P0.05)。总抗氧化能力与总酚、总黄酮等指标呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。另外,发芽使杂豆中的花青素显著降低(P0.05),且花青素含量与其他指标无显著相关性(P0.05)。 相似文献
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Md. Ali Asgar 《International Journal of Food Properties》2013,16(1):91-103
Starch is the main carbohydrate in human nutrition. Starch digestibility can vary from a rapid digestion to indigestibility. Therefore, postprandial glycaemic control in type 2 diabetics is of great interest in the context of worldwide health concerns. Although powerful synthetic inhibitors of starch digestive enzymes, such as acarbose, are available to control postprandial hyperglycemia, plant-based enzyme inhibitors are potentially safer. Natural enzyme inhibitors, such as wheat albumin, the Phaseolus vulgaris α-amylase inhibitor, and several phenolic compounds, have the potential to serve as a remedy against hyperglycemia-induced chronic diseases. The inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase is mediated by different phenolics found in varieties of raspberry. Maltase inhibitory activities of chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid from fruit of Terminalia chebula are comparable to that of acarbose. The Nepalese herb Pakhanbhed (Bergenia ciliata) phenolics, (-)-3-O-galloylepicatechin and (-)-3-O-galloylcatechin, showed effective inhibition against starch digesting enzymes. In separate studies, oral administration of starch and maltose with persimmon (Diospyros kaki) leaf tea proanthocyanidins [containing (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate] and black/bitter cumin (Centratherum anthelminticum) seed phenolics, respectively, resulted in a significant and dose-dependent decrease in the blood glucose level in Wistar rats. Co-application of phenolics with synthetic enzyme inhibitors may reduce the effective dose of synthetic inhibitors required in the regulation of starch digestion. Several phenolic compounds might be useful functional food components and could contribute to manage both hyperglycemia and proper cellular redox status. Human dose-selecting studies and well-controlled long-term human studies would help to optimize the beneficial effects of phenolic compounds. 相似文献
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冠突散囊菌(Eurotium cristatum),俗称“金花”菌,是茯砖茶后发酵过程中的优势微生物,其对茯砖茶特殊品质和功能活性的形成具有重要作用。在发酵过程中冠突散囊菌能分泌丰富的胞外酶,如多酚氧化酶、淀粉酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶等,对茶叶中的酚类物质如儿茶素等具有代谢及转化作用。近年来,大量研究表明冠突散囊菌能作用于其他植物基质,如中草药、豆类、谷物等,对其中的酚类物质进行生物转化并引起结构改变,从而使其功能活性发生显著变化。该文就近年来国内外关于冠突散囊菌对植物酚类成分的转化及生物活性的影响进行综述,为冠突散囊菌在食品及健康保健行业中的应用提供理论依据和指导。 相似文献
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Sajid Maqsood Soottawat Benjakul Aisha Abushelaibi Asifa Alam 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2014,13(6):1125-1140
Lipid oxidation is the principal cause of quality loss in seafood, which is known to contain high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Such quality deterioration, associated with the development of off‐flavor as well as lowering of nutritive value, can be retarded by incorporation of additives having antioxidative properties. The use of synthetic antioxidants has long been practiced in retarding lipid oxidation. However, due to the potential health concerns of synthetic antioxidants, polyphenolic compounds, which are found in different plants and their manufactured by‐products, have been used as an alternative natural antioxidants to retard lipid oxidation in different seafood systems. Both pure phenolic compounds and crude plant phenolic extracts have been successfully used in delaying oxidation in fish muscle, fish oil, and fish oil‐in‐water emulsions. This article reviews in detail the phenolic antioxidants and their natural sources as well as focuses on the role of pure phenolic compounds and crude plant phenolic extracts on the prevention of lipid oxidation in different seafood systems. 相似文献
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番茄红素是来自植物性食物中最重要的类胡萝卜素之一,它具有抗氧化、预防前列腺癌和心血管疾病的功 能。生鲜植物性食品中的番茄红素主要为全反式构型,但研究表明全反式番茄红素的生物活性和生物利用率不及其 顺式异构体。因此,利用食品加工技术(光照、加热、氧化、改变pH值、添加表面活性剂)促进食品中番茄红素 的异构化对提升产品营养品质具有重要意义,其中热处理是最方便、最经济的方式。本文在论述番茄红素热异构化 作用机制的基础上,分别对模拟体系和食物体系中的番茄红素热异构化的影响因素(溶剂种类、加热温度、加热时 间等)进行探讨,并得出溶剂种类和食物基质对番茄红素热异构化影响较大,提高温度或延长加热时间可促进番茄 红素异构化甚至使其发生降解的结论。最后提出了该领域研究中存在的问题及今后的研究方向。 相似文献
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肉类中蛋白质含量丰富,且含有人体必需氨基酸,氨基酸比例接近满足人体组织生长和健康维持的需要。肉类营养价值主要通过蛋白质含量和必需氨基酸模式进行评估,而肉类蛋白消化性的相关研究却被较少关注。蛋白质的消化性受蛋白质来源、肌肉纤维类型、蛋白氧化程度及加工工艺等多种因素影响,提高肉类蛋白质的消化性对于人体生长和健康维持至关重要,同时还能预防部分疾病。本文主要从外部因素与内部因素两方面对影响肉类蛋白质消化性的因素进行系统性总结和归类,概述目前影响肉类蛋白质消化性因素的研究现状,以期为肉类蛋白的加工利用提供指导与帮助。 相似文献
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熟制牛肉肉色问题和影响因素研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,我国消费者尤其是逐渐扩大的中产阶级群体对牛排、牛肉饼、汉堡包、烧烤牛肉等西式牛肉制品的消费越来越多,对牛肉品质和安全的要求也越来越高,但是该类牛肉制品熟制过程中存在一些肉色问题。本文综述了牛肉加热过程中常见的肉色问题,包括未完成熟制前肉色提前褐变现象、达到熟制温度后肉色仍然呈现粉红现象和熟制结束后肉色恢复红色的现象;分别阐述了其产生机制、主要影响因素和相关控制措施,概括了影响熟制牛肉肉色的主要因素,并对熟制牛肉肉色问题产生的分子机制研究提出展望,以期为我国熟制牛肉肉色的控制提供思路。 相似文献
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