2017—2020年中国3～17岁儿童青少年烹调油消费状况分析

目的：分析2017—2020年中国23省（自治区、直辖市） 3～17岁儿童青少年烹调油消费现状。方法：数据来源于国家食品安全风险评估中心于2017—2020年开展的中国居民食物消费状况调查，采用多阶段分层与人口成比例的整群抽样方法，选取参与家庭调味品称重调查的3～17岁儿童青少年作为研究对象。通过称重记账法获得家庭烹调油消费量和人日数，结合家庭成员能量摄入比计算个体消费量，根据《中国居民膳食指南（2022版）》中烹调油推荐量进行评价。利用《中国食物成分表（第6版）》中各种脂肪酸含量，结合个体不同烹调油的消费量，计算个体通过烹调油摄入的不同脂肪酸量。结果：我国3～17岁儿童青少年烹调油的平均消费量为28.23 g/d，其中植物油为26.52 g/d、动物油为1.67 g/d、动植物混合油为0.04 g/d。研究人群烹调油消费在不同年龄、性别、居住地、收入水平和地域方面的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。我国3～17岁儿童青少年烹调油消费量超过最高推荐量的比例为43.68%。菜籽油、花生油和芝麻油是消费率最高的3种烹调油，菜籽油、花生油和豆油是消费量最高的三种烹调油；经烹调油摄入的...     

2017—2020年中国18～59岁成年居民烹调油消费状况

目的 分析2017—2020年中国23省（自治区、直辖市）18～59岁成年居民烹调油消费水平和状况。方法 数据来源于国家食品安全风险评估中心于2017—2020年开展的中国居民食物消费状况调查,采用多阶段分层与人口成比例的整群随机抽样方法,本研究选取参与家庭调味品称重调查的18～59岁成年居民作为研究对象。通过称重记账法获得家庭烹调油消费量和个人人日数,结合家庭成员能量摄入比分配到个人,并参照《中国居民膳食指南》中成年人烹调油的推荐摄入量25～30 g/d进行评价。根据《中国食物成分表（第6版）》中脂肪酸含量,结合个人不同烹调油的消费量,计算个人经烹调油摄入的脂肪酸含量。结果 我国18～59岁成年居民烹调油的平均消费量为36.23 g/d,其中植物油为33.99 g/d,动物油为2.17 g/d,混合油为0.08 g/d（动植物混合油）。研究人群烹调油消费量在不同年龄、性别、居住地、收入水平、受教育程度和地域方面的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;我国18～59岁成年居民烹调油消费量超过推荐摄入量范围最高值30 g/d的个体比例为50.72%;菜籽油、花生油和芝麻油是消费率最高...     

2020年北京市居民植物油消费状况调查与分析

目的 通过对2020年北京市3岁以上居民食用植物油消费情况的调查，了解北京市居民不同种类植物油的消费状况及其影响因素，为科学食用植物油和推广健康生活方式提供科学依据。方法 本研究采用国家食品安全风险评估中心2020年开展的北京市居民含反式脂肪酸食物消费状况调查项目中的植物油消费数据，纳入2 289名北京3岁以上常住居民作为研究对象。采用连续3 d 24 h膳食回顾法，结合家庭称重法、食物频率法进行膳食调查，并通过非参数检验、χ²检验方法分析调查对象各种植物油消费情况。结果 北京居民植物油平均消费量为32.7 g/d，43.3%（991/2 289）的北京居民仅植物油消费量就超过《中国居民膳食指南（2022）》推荐的食用油摄入量（25~30 g/d），其中花生油、葵花籽油、玉米油的平均消费量分别为24.8、1.7、1.8 g/d。非参数检验结果显示，不同性别、年龄、文化程度、家庭月收入的居民对各种植物油的消费量影响不显著。北京市居民中花生油消费率最高，为68.9%（1 576/2 289），其次为葵花籽油和玉米油，分别为6.1%（140/2 289）和5.7%（130/2 289）。结论 北京市居民植物油平均消费量高于膳食推荐量，植物油消费品种集中，需要进一步引导居民科学食用植物油，推广健康的生活方式。     

2017—2018年中国大城市成年居民蛋类食物消费状况分析

目的 了解2017—2018年我国大城市成年居民蛋类食物消费状况,为制定营养健康政策提供科学依据。方法 数据来源于“2017—2018年中国居民食物消费状况调查”,采用多阶段分层与人口成比例的整群随机抽样方法,在我国18个省（自治区、直辖市）33个大城市选取12 173名18岁及以上成人作为研究对象。利用非连续3 d 24 h回顾调查数据,分析研究对象蛋类食物消费率和消费量,采用χ²检验与秩和检验比较消费率和消费量的差异。结果 2017—2018年我国大城市成年居民蛋类食物消费率为72.9%（8 875/12 173）,全人群蛋类食物平均消费量为28.1 g/d（P25：0,P50：20.5 g/d,P75：43.9 g/d,P95：78.3 g/d）,消费人群平均消费量为38.6 g/d（P25：17.6 g/d,P50：33.3 g/d,P75：51.3 g/d,P95：86.9 g/d）。高文化程度、高家庭收入和东部地区的居民,蛋类食物的消费率和消费量较高。蛋类食物消费低于膳食推荐摄入量（40 g/d）的人群比例为71.5%（8 705/12 173）,满足推荐摄入量（40~50 g/d）的人群比例为9.9%（1 201/12 173）。结论 蛋类食物在我国大城市成年居民中的消费较为普遍,但人均消费量相对不足。建议针对蛋类食物的营养知识进行宣教科普,适量提高我国居民蛋类食物的消费量。     

上海市15岁及以上居民膳食反式脂肪酸摄入量及其风险评估

目的 了解上海市常见市售食品中反式脂肪酸（TFAs）含量，评估上海15岁及以上居民膳食TFAs的摄入水平及其潜在健康风险。方法 在本市超市、农贸市场、餐饮店等采样点采集11大类664份食品样品，采用《食品安全国家标准 食品中反式脂肪酸的测定》（GB 5009.257—2016）检测TFAs含量。结合“2013年上海市居民膳食与健康状况监测”消费量数据，采用简单分布模型（确定性评估）方法，计算每个个体每日TFAs摄入量及其供能比。结果 在各类食品中，植物油中TFAs平均含量最高，达0.7 g/100 g，乳及乳制品中TFAs平均含量次之，为0.67 g/100 g，牛羊肉及其制品中的TFAs平均含量也较高，为0.51 g/100 g。上海市15岁及以上人群TFAs平均摄入量为0.34 g/d，平均供能比为0.18%，远低于WHO的建议水平（1%）。从个体TFAs供能比在人群中的分布来看，大部分居民供能比在0.1%~0.3%范围内，最大值为0.68%。从不同类食品对TFAs摄入的贡献率来看，加工食品占总摄入水平的75.16%，其中植物油贡献率最高，约占51.58%。结论 植物油是上海市15岁及以上居民膳食TFAs的最主要来源；上海市15岁及以上人群膳食摄入TFAs的健康风险很低。     

重庆市居民膳食中铬暴露水平及其健康风险评估

目的 评估重庆市居民膳食中铬暴露水平及潜在的健康风险。方法 利用2018—2021年重庆市9类共2 780份食品中铬含量监测数据，结合中国健康与营养调查项目2018年重庆市膳食调查数据（3 d 24 h膳食回顾法），采用蒙特卡罗模拟估计重庆市居民膳食中铬暴露水平并评估其健康风险。结果 重庆市各类食物中铬平均含量范围为0.013 9~0.126 3 mg/kg，总体检出率为40.6%。铬平均含量以水产品及其制品最高，其次是特殊膳食用食品、叶菜类蔬菜和大米。重庆市居民膳食中铬每日平均暴露量范围为0.683~2.117 μg/kg·BW，高食物量消费人群的膳食暴露水平（P95）范围为1.165~3.597 μg/kg·BW。各年龄组人群的铬每日平均暴露量随年龄增加有降低的趋势，1~6岁人群的铬每日平均暴露量最高，60岁以上人群最低；男性铬平均暴露量高于女性；城市地区人群的铬平均暴露量高于农村地区。谷物及其制品对重庆市居民膳食中铬暴露的贡献率最高，达39.31%~49.13%，其次为蔬菜、肉及肉制品。各年龄、性别、地区组人群膳食中铬每日平均暴露量和P95暴露量占每日耐受摄入量（TDI）的比例均低于1。结论 重庆市居民膳食中铬暴露的健康风险较低，谷物及其制品、蔬菜、肉及肉制品是膳食中铬摄入的主要来源。     

我国中部某脱贫县小学生食物摄入情况及其影响因素分析

目的 分析我国中部某脱贫县小学生的主要食物摄入情况及其影响因素，为改善我国学生营养健康状况提供基础数据。方法 在我国中部某脱贫县的城镇和乡村分别抽取2所小学，随机抽取674名二至四年级小学生。通过“学生调查表”收集主要食物摄入频率、家庭及个人状况。结果 仅12.9%的小学生肉类摄入频率达到1次/d及以上，18.5%的小学生蛋类摄入达到1个/d及以上，8.2%的小学生奶类及奶制品摄入达到1包/d及以上；9.8%的小学生大豆及其制品摄入达到1次/d及以上，13.4%的小学生水果摄入频率达到1次/d及以上，还有22.8%的小学生摄入蔬菜达到3种/d及以上。不同受教育程度的母亲其子女摄入蛋类、水果有统计学意义（P<0.05）；在城镇和乡村之间奶制品、大豆及其制品、水果及蔬菜的摄入情况差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素分析结果显示，城镇上学的小学生相对于乡村，肉类摄入达到每周4次及以上的OR值为2.618（95%CI：1.364~5.027，P<0.05）；母亲高中及以上受教育程度相对于初中及以下，蛋类摄入达到每周4个及以上的OR值为2.508（95%CI：1.314~4.784，P<0.05）。结论 我国中部某脱贫县小学生的肉蛋奶等动物性食物摄入明显不足，尤其是乡村地区，且摄入情况可能与母亲受教育程度有关。建议针对小学生及其母亲开展合理膳食相关的指导。     

我国方便面消费人群膳食钠摄入水平分析

目的 分析我国方便面消费人群膳食钠摄入水平,评估不同情景下降低方便面中的钠含量对方便面消费人群钠摄入水平的影响。方法 应用方便面以及其他食品中钠含量专项监测数据,结合2017—2020年中国居民食物消费状况调查中各类食品个体消费量数据,采用简单分布模型方法,评估方便面消费人群每日膳食钠的摄入水平和分布情况,以及不同食品对膳食钠摄入的贡献。情景假设四种：方便面中的钠含量降低10%、降低20%,食用1/2方便面调料包、食用1/3方便面调料包。结果 本研究采集的方便面样品中钠含量平均值为2 129.30 mg/100 g,方便面消费人群膳食钠平均摄入量为5 462.68 mg/d,所有年龄组人群膳食钠平均摄入量均超过WHO推荐值（2 000 mg/d）,约98.53%的方便面消费人群膳食钠平均摄入量超过相应年龄段预防非传染性慢性病的建议摄入量;调味品是方便面消费人群膳食钠摄入的主要来源,方便面的贡献率约为12.69%。食用1/3调料包时,可使方便面消费人群总钠摄入降低6.74%。结论 我国方便面消费人群钠摄入量处于较高水平,通过降低方便面中钠含量或减少调料包食用量,可在一定程度上降低人群钠摄入水平。本研究为国内方便面行业开展减盐（减钠）行动提供科学数据参考。     

山东省小麦粉镉污染状况调查及膳食暴露评估

目的 了解山东省各市小麦、小麦粉的镉污染水平,对居民经小麦粉摄入镉的健康风险进行初步评估。方法 在山东省16市农贸市场、商店超市、农户中采集小麦、小麦粉共计1 789份样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行镉含量测定;结合小麦粉消费量数据,对山东省居民通过小麦粉途径的镉暴露风险进行评估。结果 检测数据表明,小麦镉含量明显高于小麦粉中镉含量（Z=-12.50,P<0.001）。小麦和小麦粉镉含量均存在地区差异。风险评估结果显示,小麦粉平均消费水平的人群每月镉摄入量（EMI）为1.18 μg/kg·BW,占暂定每月耐受摄入量（PTMI）的4.72%;小麦粉高消费人群EMI为2.87 μg/kg·BW,占PTMI 的11.47%。结论 山东省居民平均消费人群通过小麦粉途径的镉暴露风险较低,但镉含量较高的地市的小麦粉高消费人群膳食镉暴露风险仍需进一步关注。     

中国成年居民食用油消费现状

使用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查中家庭食物称重记账法的数据,对25556户,共50425名18岁及以上居民食用油的消费情况进行分析.结果表明,我国成年居民平均每人每天消费食用油40g(城市居民58g,农村居民42g;二类农村最高44g,中小城市最低37g),其中植物油32g(城市居民325g,农村居民31g;大城市最高39g,四类农村最低20g),动物油8g(城市居民3g,农村居民11g;四类农村最高20g);男性为44g,高于女性的38g.我国成年居民平均每人每天消费色拉油9g,菜籽油8g、豆油8g、花生油5g、猪油3g、其他食用油5g,我国居民家庭中消费菜籽油、猪油(炼)、花生油,色拉油、豆油、芝麻油、胡麻油的比例依次为33.5%、29.0%、16.8%、13.8%、13.5%、10.5%、3.8%,菜籽油和猪油是我国成年居民消费量高并且经常消费的食用油种类.我国成年居民食用油超过中国居民膳食指南推荐量的比例达65.2%;男性高于女性,分别为67.4%和65.2%;城市和农村接近,分别为65.5%和65.1%;二类农村最高,为72.8%,四类农村最低,为59.3%.总体看来,我国居民食用油的消费量偏高,食用油种类比较单一;农村居民动物油消费偏多.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the