Transient coupled radiative and conductive heat transfer in a composite of semitransparent media

INTRODUCTIONIhsemitransparentmaterial(STM),energyisusuallytransferredbyradiationinaddihontoheatconduchon.WhenthesemitransparentmaterialisexPOsedtohightemperatUresurroundingsorwhenanintensiveincidentradiationexists,theeffectoftheradiationonthetransienttempef~fieldsismoreimpobotthanthat'oftheconduchon.msfeatUreplaysanimpoftalltroleinmanufactUreandengineeringaPPlicationsofalotofsemitransparentnderialsll],suchasglassindustry,ceramicandfiber~rials,mulh-layersemiconductors,moltensaltmedia,se…     

Inverse Radiation Problem of Boundary Incident Radiation Heat Flux in Semitransparent Planar Slab with Semitransparent Boundaries

INTRODUCTI0NInverseradiati0nproblemshavedefinedasubjectofinterestf0rthepast3Oyears0nsoandthereex-istsac0nsiderablebody0fknowledgesurroundingthesubjectthathasbeenextensivelyreviewedinaseries0fpapersbyM.C.rmick[1-4].Theyarecon-cernedwiththedeterminati0noftheradiativepr0p-ertiesandthetemperaturedistributionsofmediaus-ingvari0ustypesofradiationmeasurements.Despitetherelativelylargeinterestexpressedininverseradia-tionproblems,mostoftheworkfocusedontheinverseestimati0noftemperaturedistributions…     

Transient coupled heat transfer in multilayer composite with one specular boundary coated

By the ray tracing?node method, the transient coupled radiative and conductive heat transfer in absorbing, scattering multilayer composite is investigated with one surface of the composite being opaque and specular, and the others being semitransparent and specular. The effect of Fresnel’s reflective law and Snell’s refractive law on coupled heat transfer are analyzed. By using ray tracing method in combination with Hottel and Sarofim’s zonal method and spectral band model, the radiative intensity transfer model have been put forward. The difficulty for integration to solve radiative transfer coefficients (RTCs) is overcame by arranging critical angles according to their magnitudes. The RTCs are used to calculated radiative heat source term, and the transient energy equation is discretized by control volume method. The study shows that, for intensive scattering medium, if the refractive indexes are arranged decreasingly from the inner part of the composite to both side directions respectively, then, the total reflection phenomenon in the composite is advantageous for the scattered energy to be absorbed by the layer with the biggest refractive index, so at transient beginning a maximum temperature peak may appear in the layer with the biggest refractive index.     

An analysis of the characteristics of the thermal boundary layer in power law fluid

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the heat transfer for the boundary layer flow on a continuous moving surface in power law fluid. The expressions of the thermal boundary layer thickness with the different heat conductivity coefficients are obtained according to the theory of the dimensional analysis of fluid dynamics and heat transfer. And the numerical results of CFD agree well with the proposed expressions. The estimate formulas can be successfully applied to giving the thermal boundary layer thickness.     

Transient thermal analysis of induction motors

Induction machines transient thermal analysis has been a subject of interest for electric machine designers in their effort to improve machine reliability and in rotor design optimisation. The study of transient thermal behavior is useful to identify causes of failure in induction machines. This paper presents a 2-D transient analysis of induction machines using the available heat transfer coefficients in literature. A generalised finite element code developed with Galerkin's weighted residual technique is used for analysis. The model is applied to one squirrel-cage totally-enclosed fan cooled machine of 3.7 kW and another surface cooled machine of 5.7 kW. The predicted temperatures compare well with test results. The advantages and limitations of this model are discussed     

Influence of thermal radiation on the boundary layer flow due to an exponentially stretching sheet

The effect of radiation on the boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a viscous fluid over an exponentially stretching sheet is studied. The homotopy analysis method (HAM) is employed to determine the convergent series expressions of velocity and temperature. The physical interpretation to these expressions is assigned through graphs. It is found that the effects of Prandtl and radiation numbers on the temperature are opposite.     

Transient analysis of packed-bed thermal storage systems

A one-dimensional single-phase conductivity model of packed beds in which air and rock are at the same temperature is used to develop closed-form analytical solutions for the transient responses produced by time-varying air inlet temperatures. In particular, the single-blow or step response of this simple conductivity model is compared with the classical Schumann two-phase model which ignores axial conductivity. The close agreement exhibited at sufficiently large time justifies the development of approximate equivalent models that combine the effects of air rock heat transfer and axial conductivity.     

Microscale heat transfer enhancement using thermal boundary layer redeveloping concept

We demonstrated a new silicon microchannel heat sink, composing of parallel longitudinal microchannels and several transverse microchannels, which separate the whole flow length into several independent zones, in which the thermal boundary layer is in developing. The redeveloping flow is repeated for all of the independent zones thus the overall heat transfer is greatly enhanced. Meanwhile, the pressure drops are decreased compared with the conventional microchannel heat sink. Both benefits of enhanced heat transfer and decreased pressure drop ensure the possibility to use “larger” hydraulic diameter of the microchannels so that less pumping power is needed, which are attractive for high heat flux chip cooling. The above idea fulfilled in microscale is verified by a set of experiments. The local chip temperature and Nusselt numbers are obtained using a high resolution Infrared Radiator Imaging system. Preliminary explanation is given on the decreased pressure drop while enhancing heat transfer. The dimensionless control parameter that guides the new heat sink design and the prospective of the new heat sink are discussed.     

Electromagnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow in hybrid nanofluid with thermal radiation effect: Numerical simulation

Hybrid nanofluid boundary layer flow past a stretching surface with zero mass flux boundary condition is explored in this article. The main aim of this article is to analyze the electromagnetohydrodynamic role in a hybrid nanofluid containing silver and molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles. The self-similar solution is embedded to reduce the governing partial differential equation into algebraic equations and a shooting algorithm is applied to obtain the solution of the resultant boundary value problem. Variation in momentum, energy, and nanoparticle concentration is explained through graphical profiles. Nusselt number and drag force coefficients are computed for various flow parameters and their impact on the nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid is computed and presented and explained in a comparative fashion. It is observed that the velocity profile shows the opposite nature with respect to the electric field and magnetic field. For electric field parameter velocity accelerates whereas for magnetic parameter velocity diminishes. Nusselt number increases with electric field parameter and nanoparticle volume fraction.     

Effect of thermal boundary layer on radiative heat transfer from combustion plasma

The effect of thermal boundary layer on radiative heat transfer considering nongray nonisothermal plasma has been calculated for potassium seeded watergas combustion plasma. The effect of combustion species concentration and seed concentration on radiative flux under the equilibrium flow and frozen flow condition has been studied. It has been estimated that reduction in radiative flux due to cold boundary layer may be upto 25%.     

Numerical analysis and evaluation of an open-type thermal storage system using composite sorbents

A family of composite sorbents has been acknowledged as promising thermal storage materials for low grade thermal energy storage owing to its high specific storage capacity and low regenerating temperature. This paper reports a simplified numerical model aiming to determine the dynamic characteristics of the composite sorbents and evaluate the specific capacity and COP of the open-type thermal energy storage system. The computational results were validated with the experimental measurements carried out on an open-type thermal energy storage set-up filled with composite sorbents. By using the simplified numerical model, the dynamic characteristics of the composite sorbents in the thermal energy storage process were determined. The effects of the composite sorbents and the operating parameters on thermal energy storage system performance were also evaluated.     

Transient thermal characteristics of a small, saltless solar pond with one semi-transparent air-filled surface insulation layer

An experimental outdoor saltless solar pond with a semi-transparent, air-filled, surface insulation layer was monitored for 10 months. The measured temperatures showed good agreement with calculated values from a previous theoretical model.     

Thermal analysis of resin composites with ellipsoidal filler considering thermal boundary resistance

The effective thermal conductivity of composites with ellipsoidal fillers is analyzed by using a homogenization method that is able to represent the microstructure precisely. In this study, various parameters such as the volume fraction, shape, and distribution of the filler are quantitatively estimated to understand the mechanisms of heat transfer in the composite. First, thermal boundary resistance between resin and filler is important for obtaining composites with higher thermal conductivity. Second, the anisotropy of the effective thermal conductivity arises from contact between filler in the case of ellipsoidal filler and produces lower thermal resistance. Finally, the filler network and thermal resistance are essential for the heat transfer in composites because the path of thermal conduction is improved by contact between neighboring filler particles.     

Dual role of thermal buoyancy in controlling boundary layer separation around bluff obstacles

We establish through numerical simulation a dual role played by the superimposed thermal buoyancy in controlling the boundary layer separation around bluff obstacles. The work essentially demonstrates the influence of superimposed thermal buoyancy on flow around bluff obstacles of circular and square cross sections in aiding/opposing and cross buoyancy configurations. For the aiding/opposing configuration we show two phenomena such as the suppression of flow separation which occurs at relatively low Reynolds numbers (10–40) and the suppression of vortex shedding at a moderate range of Reynolds numbers (50–150). In the cross buoyancy configuration, the initiation of vortex shedding by the introduction of thermal buoyancy is shown at relatively low Reynolds numbers (10–40). Hence, depending on the direction of interaction with the free stream flow, the buoyancy sometimes stabilizes the flow and sometimes destabilizes the flow. Accordingly, there is a dual role of superimposed thermal buoyancy in controlling the boundary layer separation around bluff obstacles. Such duality cannot be observed in case of other agents such as rotation, magnetic force which also control the boundary layer separation around bluff obstacles.     

Convective instability of a vertical thermal boundary layer in a differentially heated cavity

The convective instability of a vertical thermal boundary layer adjacent to the sidewall of a water-filled differentially heated cavity over a range of Rayleigh numbers (5 × 10⁷–3.44 × 10⁹) is investigated using direct stability analysis. The results show that the dominant frequency of the convective instability changes as perturbations travel downstream due to the presence of the horizontal boundaries, which is different from that of the vertical thermal boundary layer adjacent to an infinite or semi-infinite thermal wall. The features of the convective instability of the vertical thermal boundary layer adjacent to the sidewall are described, and the dependence of the dominant frequency on the Rayleigh number is obtained. Furthermore, the dependence of the flow rate and heat transfer through the cavity on the Rayleigh number is quantified by numerical results.     

轻质双层纺织基太阳能空气集热器的集热性能试验研究

纺织基太阳能空气集热器作为轻质柔软的太阳能集热器,在中低温集热领域具有潜在的应用前景。文章设计了新型双层纺织基太阳能空气集热器,并进行户外试验,探究单双层结构、间隔丝密度、空气质量流量对集热器性能的影响。研究结果表明:在空气质量流量为0.023 kg/(m²·s)时,双层纺织基太阳能空气集热器热转移因子和总热损系数分别为0.97和5.87 W/(m²·℃),集热性能优于同条件下单层结构集热器;进出口空气温差和集热效率随间隔丝密度的增加而增加;集热效率随空气质量流量的增加而增加,当空气质量流量为0.037 kg/(m²·s)时,间隔丝密度为36根/cm²的集热器集热效率为0.64。     

Entransy flux of thermal radiation and its application to enclosures with opaque surfaces

Entransy is a new concept developed in recent years to measure the transport ability of heat at a temperature in conduction and convection. This paper develops the concept of entransy flux for thermal radiation in enclosures with opaque surfaces. The entransy balance equation and entransy dissipation function are derived. The minimum principle of radiative entransy loss is developed. The potentials and the heat fluxes distribution which meet the Stefan–Boltzmann’s law and the energy balance equation would make the radiative entransy loss minimum if the net heat flux of each surface or the thermal potentials of the surfaces are given. The extremum entransy dissipation principles (EEDP) for thermal radiation are developed. The minimum radiative entransy dissipation leads to the minimum average radiative thermal potential difference for prescribed total heat exchange and the maximum radiative entransy dissipation leads to the maximum heat exchange for prescribed average radiative thermal potential difference. The minimum and maximum principle can be concluded into the minimum thermal resistance principle (MTRP) for thermal radiation by defining the thermal resistance with the entransy dissipation. The EEDP or MTRP is proved to be reliable when they are used to optimize some radiative heat transfer problems, and a comparison is made between the minimum principle of entropy generation and the EEDP.     

Radiation-convection interaction in the boundary layer regime of an enclosure

The interaction of thermal radiation and free convection in the boundary layer regime of a vertical enclosure is analytically and experimentally examined. The local heat flux from the highlyreflecting heated wall in the enclosure is obtained interferometrically; the second wall is a nearly-black cooled plate. The experimental data are compared to a boundary layer type analysis based on the exponential wide-band model. Experiments are presented for pure NH₃, pureN₂, and N₂-NH₃ mixtures for pressures up to 2 bar at a temperature level near 300 K.     

Interface Shape and Marangoni Effect Around aBubble Within the Thermal Boundary Layer

INTRoDUCTIoNDuetohighheattransferperformancecharacter-izedbysmalltemPeraturedifferencesandhighheatfluxes,transportprocesseswithphasechange,espe-ciallyboilingandcondensationprocessesarewidelyemployedinnumerousenergyconversionandtrans-portsystems,heatingand/orcoolingdevices,andaerospaceaPplications.Priortotheutilizationofboil-ingprocessesinspaceapplications,suchasspacecraftthermalcontrol,additionalunderstandingofboilingheattransferbehaviorisneeded.Becauselargedmer-encesekistinthefiuiddensiti…