Ni55.30Fe17.60Ga27.10磁致形状记忆合金马氏体相变

研究了热处理对Ni55.30Fe17.60Ga27.10磁致形状记忆合金组织和马氏体相变的影响.电弧态合金组织中马氏体板条模糊.在氩气保护,800℃保温4h缓慢冷却条件下热处理后,马氏体板条规整平直.DSC结果表明Ni55.30Fe17.60Ga27.10合金在加热/冷却时发生热弹性马氏体相变.热处理后Ms=43.24℃,Mf=36.72℃,As=46.84℃,Af=51.83℃.相比电弧态,热处理后合金Ms和Mf提高,As和Af降低,相变滞后减小.XRD结果证明热致马氏体为14M马氏体.     

高温形状记忆合金Ni54Mn25Ga21相变及其形状记忆效应的研究

主要研究了马氏体相变温度Ms高于居里温度Tc的Ni54Mn25Ga21合金的相变及其单晶的形状记忆效应.采用真空电弧炉熔炼,然后用磁悬浮区熔晶体生长炉进行Ni54Mn25Ga21合金的单晶生长,成功制备了Ni54Mn25Ga21单晶.对多晶粉末样品进行了原位X射线衍射变温分析,结果表明Ni54Mn25Ga21合金具有可恢复的热弹性马氏体相变性能.对Ni54Mn25Ga21单晶进行的形状记忆效应实验结果表明,当总预应变不超过6%时,压缩变形后残留的应变可在随后的加热过程中完全回复.     

热处理对Ni50.3Mn24.5Ga25.2单晶预相变特性的影响

用提拉法生长的Ni50.3Mn24.5Ga25.2单晶样品,在真空中进行多种形式的热处理。通过测量交流磁化率曲线,研究了退火和淬火对Ni50.3Mn24.5Ga25.2单晶预马氏体和马氏体相变温度的影响。实验表明退火会明显降低预马氏体相变的温度,而对马氏体相变影响较小。还发现在1023K以下,预马氏体相变会随淬火温度的升高而逐步变得明显,而在1023K以上,则呈相反的趋势。另外,实验还表明,经过高温淬火后的样品,再次通过一定的退火处理,样品将恢复明显的预马氏体相变征候。分析表明,热处理是通过改变晶体的内应力来影响预马氏体相变征候的。     

Heusler型Ni2MnGa合金的有序化处理

研究了热处理工艺条件对非化学计量比的Ni48Mn31Ga21合金的结构有序度的影响.结果表明对于非化学计量Ni48Mn31Ga21合金,其结构有序化处Ζ理工艺宜选用900℃×4d+400℃×50h.     

长时间热退火对Ti-Ni-Cu合金条带马氏体相变行为的影响

采用快速凝固法制备了Ti53.5Ni22.8Cu23.7合金非晶薄带,研究了长时间热退火对合金条带马氏体相变行为的影响.结果表明,经450～500℃保温退火1～10h条带的相变热滞对保温时间不敏感,约为13～15℃,相变热在4～8J/g之间.随着保温时间延长,500℃退火下的条带相变峰值温度移向高温区而450℃退火下则移向低温区.条带在低于晶化温度的400℃保温10h后晶化程度显著提高,体现出明确的马氏体相变,其相变热滞为13.9℃.合金条带在400℃退火10h形成具有织构(001)的TiCu-B11析出物和Ti2Cu型析出物,在450～500℃退火形成Ti2Cu型析出物.长时间退火下的条带相变特征的差异与退火条带的织构、析出物类型及析出物改变合金基体相的化学成分有关.     

成分对多晶Ni-Mn-Ga磁性记忆合金相变行为的影响

研究了Ni50Mn25+xGa25-x和Ni50Mn29Ga21-xTbx两种成分系列磁性记忆合金的相变行为.保持Ni含量不变,增加Mn,降低Ga含量会使马氏体相变温度明显提高,同时相变滞后温区减小,居里温度基本不变.如果添加稀土元素铽、相变温度继续升高,居里温度仍然不变,材料继续保持强的铁磁性及热弹性马氏体相变的特征.     

Ni-Fe-Ga磁致形状记忆合金的马氏体相变和晶体结构的研究

使用DSC、XRD、SEM和TEM等分析测试手段,对Ni50+xFe25-xGa25(x=3,4.5,6)合金的马氏体相变温度、精细显微结构以及复杂马氏体晶体结构进行了系统研究。结果表明,Ni50+xFe25-xGa25合金的马氏体相变温度Tm随Ni含量增加而升高。Ni56Fe19Ga25合金的马氏体板条非常清晰细密,且存在着多种不同取向的变体;该种合金由6M+14M混合马氏体和γ相组成。Ni56Fe19Ga25合金既具有适合实际应用的马氏体相变温度,又具有有利于磁致应变的晶体结构。     

Ni56Fe17Ga27-xCox合金的组织结构与马氏体相变

采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射分析及差示扫描量热法系统研究了Co含量对Ni56Fe17Ga27-xCox合金组织结构和马氏体相变的影响.结果表明,室温下铸态Ni56Fe17Ga27-xCox合金显微组织由马氏体和γ相两相组成,γ相随Co含量增加而增多, Ni56Fe17Ga21Co6合金中γ相的体积百分含量达到70%.马氏体相为单斜6M结构.试验合金冷却和加热过程中发生一步马氏体相变及其逆转变,相变温度(Ms、As)随Co含量增加而升高.     

Pd对多晶Ni56.5Fe17Ga26.5合金马氏体相变和力学性能的影响

通过电弧炉冶炼了在Ni56.5Fe17Ga26.5合金中添加Pd的合金试样,利用SEM,XRD,TEM,DSC,TG和万能材料试验机研究了Pd对Ni56.5Fe17Ga26.5合金马氏体相变和力学性能的影响.结果表明,添加Pd促使合金中形成较多的γ相,并且使其球化,提高了合金的塑性.通过DSC和TG测量了马氏体相变温度...     

合金元素对Ni41Ti44Cu7Zr8合金相变及力学性能的影响

合金元素影响Ni41Ti44Cu7Zr8形状记忆合金的相变马氏体屈服应力,分析表明具有合适原子尺寸并且与Ti原子间具有合适的负混合焓的合金元素,能有效提高Ni41Ti44Cu7Zr8合金的马氏体屈服应力。少量的Fe元素添加能够显著降低该合金的相变温度,1%Fe元素的添加能使合金的相变温度降低约48℃,在室温时表现出超弹性行为;3%Fe元素的添加能使该合金的马氏体相变温度降低88℃以上,室温加载时不表现形状记忆特征。     

Magnetic coupling in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/La0.67Sr0.33CoO3/La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 sandwiches

La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃ (LCMO)/La_0.67Sr_0.33CoO₃ (LSCO)/LCMO trilayer films are fabricated on single-crystal substrates NdGaO₃ (110) and the interlayer coupling are investigated. Compared with LCMO single layer, sandwiches showed the enhanced metal-insulator transition temperature of LCMO layers. The magnetoresistance is dependent on spacer thickness and the peak value dramatically decreases when LSCO layer is thick enough because of shorting by the LSCO layer. The magnetic coercivity H_C shows a nonmonotonic behavior with changing spacer layer thickness and the waist-like hysteresis indicates that there is an indirect exchange coupling between the top and bottom LCMO layers across the spacer layer.     

Varistor properties of ZnO-Pr6O11-CoO-Cr2O3-Y2O3-In2O3 ceramics

The varistor properties of the ZnO-Pr₆O₁₁-CoO-Cr₂O₃-Y₂O₃-In₂O₃ ceramics were investigated for different concentrations of In₂O₃. The increase of In₂O₃ concentration slightly increased the sintered density (5.60-5.63 g/cm³) and slightly decreased the average grain size (3.4-2.9 μm). The breakdown field increased from 6023 to 14822 V/cm with increasing concentration of In₂O₃. The nonlinear coefficient increased from 17.6 to 44.6 for up to 0.005 mol%, whereas the further doping caused it to decrease to 36.8. In₂O₃ acted as an acceptor due to the donor concentration, which decreases in the range of 1.02 × 10¹⁷ to 0.24 × 10¹⁷/cm³ with increasing concentration of In₂O₃.     

Nanocrystallization of SrBi2Nb2O9 from glasses in the system Li2B4O7---SrO---Bi2O3---Nb2O5

Transparent glasses in the system (100−x)Li₂B₄O₇–x(SrO---Bi₂O₃---Nb₂O₅) (10≤x≤60) (in molar ratio) were fabricated by a conventional melt-quenching technique. Amorphous and glassy characteristics of the as-quenched samples were established via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analyses (DTA) respectively. Glass–ceramics embedded with strontium bismuth niobate, SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) nanocrystals were produced by heat-treating the as-quenched glasses at temperatures higher than 500 °C. Perovskite SBN phase formation through an intermediate fluorite phase in the glass matrix was confirmed by XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies corroborate the observation of fluorite phase formation. The dielectric constant (_r) and the loss factor (D) for the lithium borate, Li₂B₄O₇ (LBO) glass comprising randomly oriented SBN nanocrystals were determined and compared with those predicted based on the various dielectric mixture rule formalism. The dielectric constant was found to increase with increasing SBN content in LBO glass matrix.     

Syntheses of hollandite type Rb2Cr8O16, K2Cr2V6O16 and K2V8O16

Hollandite-type compounds, Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ and K₂V₈O₁₆, were synthesized under high P-T conditions up to 1200°C and 7GPa. The structural refinement using a single crystal of Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ confirms that the structure is similar to that of K₂Cr₈O₁₆. Magnetic measurements indicate that Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ is ferromagnetic below 295K, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ paramagnetic down to 77K and K₂V₈O₁₆ has susceptibility anomaly at 175K. These compounds are all semiconductive and show discontinuities in temperature-resistivity curves at points corresponding to magnetic anomalies.     

PbSbBiS4-Sb2S3 and PbSbBiS4-Bi2S3 joins in the PbS-Sb2S3-Bi2S3 system

Phase equilibria along the PbSbBiS₄-Sb₂S₃ and PbSbBiS₄-Bi₂S₃ joins of the PbS-Sb₂S₃-Bi₂S₃ system have been studied for the first time using differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, microstructural analysis, microhardness tests, and density measurements, and the phase diagrams of the joins have been mapped out. The joins are shown to be pseudobinary with limited series of terminal solid solutions. The solid solutions are p-type semiconductors.     

Microstructures of YBa2Cu3O7/La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7 bi-layers grown on (001)LaAlO3

Epitaxial YBa₂Cu₃O₇/La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ (YBCO/LCMO) bi-layers and La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃/YBa₂Cu₃O₇ (LCMO/YBCO) bi-layers were grown on (001)LaAlO₃ by pulsed laser deposition, and their microstructures were compared by transmission electron microscopy investigation. In the YBCO(100 nm)/LCMO(150 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO layer consists of columnar grains of ~ 17 nm in diameter and contains mixed orientation domains of [100]_c, [010]_c and [001]_c. The YBCO layer is totally c-axis oriented and the YBCO lattices are tilted − 2.5° to + 2.5° as they grew on the rough surfaces of LCMO columnar grains. For the LCMO(140 nm)/YBCO(140 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO/YBCO interface is sharp and flat. The initial 12-nm thickness of the YBCO layer is composed of c-axis oriented domains, and the upper part of YBCO layer is [100] oriented. The LCMO layer was predominantly [001]_c oriented while [100]_c-oriented domains were occasionally observed.     

Vapour-liquid equilibria in the ternary mixtures N2---CH4---C2H6 and N2---C2H6---C3H8

A systematic study was performed with mixtures consisting of N₂, CH₄, C₂H₆ and C₃H₈, to investigate experimentally phase equilibria and caloric properties and to test the accuracy of thermodynamic correlations. The first part of this Paper reports results of T---p---x---y measurements on ternary systems in the range 20 < p < 120 bar and 140 < T < 220 K. The results are compared with data calculated by generalized equations of state.     

Characterization of YBa2Cu3O7/PrBa2Cu3O7 superlattices

We investigated the structural and superconducting properties ofc-axis oriented (YBa₂Cu₃O₇) _nY /(PrBa₂Cu₃O₇) _npr superlattices with thicknesses of the individual layers down to one unit cell (10nY1; 18>nPr 1). By transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction we find an excellent structural quality of the samples, though the quantitative analysis shows the existence of defects. In superlattices with decoupled YBa₂Cu₃O₇ layers of two unit cell thickness we find a highT _c value of 75 K. We probed the flux line structure in the superlattices by measurements of the critical current density in magnetic fields. The experiments show that the flux-line dynamics is dominated by the movement of pancake vortices.     

Structural study of Sr0.3Ba0.7Nb2O6 and La0.030Sr0.255Ba0.700Nb2O6 ceramic systems

Sr_0.3Ba_0.7Nb₂O₆ (SBN) and La_0.030Sr_0.255Ba_0.700Nb₂O₆ (LSBN) ceramic compounds have been prepared using the traditional ceramic method at two different calcination temperatures (900 and 1000 °C) and later sintered both at 1400 °C. A study of the effects of the calcination temperatures and La substitution on the morphological, compositional, and structural properties of SBN and LSBN is presented using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. From Rietveld refinement processes, the XRD patterns were interpreted to evaluate such effects in the structural parameters and the site occupation factors of the heavy metals and oxygen atoms. The effect of the incorporation of La resulted in a 0.25% cell contraction and turned out to be higher than the 0.08% dilation effect produced by the increase of calcination temperature. The La ion with similar effective ionic radius and higher electronegativity is incorporated into the structure occupying the A₁ site just like the Sr ions in the SBN compound. Differences in the site occupation factors between the SBN and LSBN samples lead to substantial changes in the physical properties such as temperature of relative dielectric constant maximum, relative dielectric constant, and dielectric loss, correlated with the distortion and the relative orientation of the oxygen octahedra.     

The effect of Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 cover layer on the dielectric and tunable properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 bilayered thin films

Bi_1.5Zn_0.5Nb_0.5Ti_1.5O₇ (BZNT) thin films with different thicknesses as cover layers were deposited on the Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃ (BST) thin films on the Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. The microstructure, surface morphology, dielectric and tunable properties of BST/BZNT heterogeneous bilayered films were investigated as a function of the thickness of BZNT films and the effect of BZNT films on the asymmetric electrical properties of BST/BZNT bilayered films was discussed. It was found that BZNT cover layer significantly improved the leakage current and the dielectric loss, and the dielectric constant and tunability of BST/BZNT bilayered thin films simultaneously decreased with the increasing thickness of BZNT films. The BST/BZNT bilayered thin film with a 50 nm BZNT cover layer gave the largest figure of merit (FOM) of 33.48 with the upper tunability of 55.38%. The asymmetric electrical behavior of BST/BZNT bilayered films is probably related to an internal electric field caused by built-in voltages at Pt/BST and BZNT/Au interfaces.