国外甲醇制氢微通道反应器开发现状

阐述了微通道反应器特点及甲醇重整制氢微通道反应器的应用现状,重点介绍了国外开发的甲醇重整制氢微通道反应器及系统,简要分析了甲醇重整制氢微通道反应器研究目前存在的问题.     

低压合成甲醇反应器结构分析

合成甲醇反应器是甲醇生产的主要设备之一,其结构决窍常被视为某一公司的专有技术。本文就现行的有代表性的几种低压合成甲醇反应器的结构特点作了简要分析,将有助于提高我国合成甲醇反应器的技术水平。     

卧式水冷反应器技术开发及其在现代煤化工领域应用分析

简要介绍了卧式水冷反应器技术开发过程,分析了新型卧式水冷反应器技术特点,详细介绍了该反应器在大型甲醇、人工天然气、煤制乙二醇、一步法合成气经甲醇制汽油和化工-IGCC联产等现代煤化工上的应用前景。     

甲醇脱水制二甲醚绝热固定床反应器模拟设计

提出了绝热固定床二甲醚反应器的数学模型，利用该模型对目前工业使用的绝热型二甲醚反应器的计算表明，模拟计算与实际二甲醚反应器的操作吻合。同时还计算考察了压力，进口气体温度与流量对反应器操作的影响。     

球形催化床甲醇合成反应器的非均相数学模型

低压大型化甲醇生产可采用球形反应器串联装置,将1个大型合成塔分为几个具有相同体积的球形反应器,设备制造简单,操作灵活方便,建立了甲醇合成球形反应器的一维非均相数学模型,采用Powell直接搜索法进行优化设计,催化剂效率因子采用关键组分模型并用正交配置法求解。     

VABR与UASB处理甲醇废水的比较实验研究

利用VABR(垂直厌氧折流)反应器和UASB(升流式厌氧污泥床)反应器,在中温条件下分别对甲醇废水进行了实验,VABR反应器最高容积负荷可达46 kg CODCr/(m3.d),UASB反应器最高容积负荷可达85 kg CODCr/(m3.d)。     

新甲醇合成塔系统

一、引言本文介绍两种生产甲醇的方法:气/固/固喷洒式反应器(GSSTFR)和中间取出产品的反应器(RSIPR)。我们以鲁奇低压甲醇合成法为基准进行技术经济比较。     

甲醇合成催化剂装填量扩容改造

通过分析甲醇合成催化剂较早老化的情况,得出甲醇反应器催化剂装填量过小的结论。提出并联增加反应器的解决方案,实施后经过运行总结,收到了很好的效果。     

甲醇合成反应器的分析与选择

介绍了国外ICI,Lurgi,MRF,Topsφe,Lidne等甲醇合成反应器的技术参数、优缺点和应用情况;论述了国外甲醇反应器的技术特点和发展趋势;分析了国内甲醇合成反应器的设计、改进和研发进程;对如何选择合适的甲醇合成反应器提出了相关建议。     

冷管型甲醇合成反应器浅识

铜催化剂甲醇合成反应器床层温度接近等温分布有利于催化剂寿命长、产率高、操作稳定和产品质量好。本文介绍了冷管型甲醇合成反应器床层温度分布现状，并探讨了适应铜催化剂特点的冷管传热方式。     

撞击流反应器用于甲醇合成反应

撞击流反应器用于气液固三相甲醇合成反应可以充分发挥其优良的传热、传质性能。在撞击流反应器内,催化剂浆料经喷嘴雾化后成微米尺度的液滴,气液相间接触面积远大于其他三相合成反应器。考察了温度、压力、气体流量、浆料循环量以及喷嘴个数对甲醇合成反应的影响,结果表明,当压力从3.8 MPa上升到5 MPa时,反应器的时空产率增长了近1倍,气体流量达22.4 L·min^-1后时空产率几乎不再变化,增加浆料循环量以及在同一循环量下采用多喷嘴对置都可以增加催化剂时空产率。同时,与固定床、搅拌釜和浆态鼓泡床甲醇合成进行了对比,结果表明,在低空速下撞击流反应器与其他反应器时空产率相当,而在高空速下要优于其他反应器。     

Optimization of Methanol Yield from a Lurgi Reactor

Methanol is an important chemical with the potential to become an alternative fuel. An optimization study was performed for a Lurgi methanol synthesis reactor using the commercial process simulator Aspen Plus. The optimization routine is coupled with a steady‐state model of the methanol synthesis reactor. Syngas inlet temperature, steam drum pressure, and cooling water volumetric flow rate were optimized so that methanol production in the reactor outlet was maximized. The methanol yield increased by 7.04 %.     

均温型甲醇合成塔的数学模型及模拟计算

阐述数学模型的意义,并详细介绍建立均温型甲醇合成塔催化剂床层数学模型的过程,为均温型甲醇合成塔的模拟计算提供依据。     

KATALCO_(JM)51-7R催化剂在天野甲醇装置上的应用

KATALCOJM51-7R催化剂在中海石油天野化工甲醇装置上投用后,该催化剂还原时间短、活性好,使JW型管式气冷合成塔床温难以操作、经常分叉的现象得以控制,产品消耗进一步降低。还原时间较上一炉催化剂还原时间减少了50%;在实际新鲜气品质差于设计新鲜气品质,新鲜进料量为设计量的96%,总入塔气量为设计量的84%时,装置达到了设计产量的99.8%;在实际合成塔压力低于设计合成压力1.2MPa的情况下,弛放气量为设计值的91.4%。     

绝热固定床反应器甲醇脱水合成二甲醚的实验和模型研究

One-dimensional heterogeneous plug flow model was employed to model an adiabatic fixed-bed reactor for the catalytic dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether. Longitudinal temperature and conversion profiles predicted by this model were compared to those experimentally measured in a bench scale reactor. The reactor was packed with 1.5 mm γ-Al2O3 pellets as dehydration catalyst and operated in a temperature range of 543-603 K at an atmospheric pressure. Also, the effects of weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) and temperature on methanol conversion were investigated. According to the results, the maximum conversion is obtained at 603.15 K with WHSV of 72.87 h－1.     

Dynamic Simulation and Optimization of a Dual‐Type Methanol Reactor Using Genetic Algorithms

In this investigation, a dynamic simulation and optimization for an auto‐thermal dual‐type methanol synthesis reactor was developed in the presence of catalyst deactivation. Theoretical investigation was performed in order to evaluate the performance, optimal operating conditions, and enhancement of methanol production in an auto‐thermal dual‐type methanol reactor. The proposed reactor model was used to simulate, optimize, and compare the performance of a dual‐type methanol reactor with a conventional methanol reactor. An auto‐thermal dual‐type methanol reactor is a shell‐and‐tube heat exchanger reactor in which the first reactor is cooled with cooling water and the second one is cooled with synthesis gas. The proposed model was validated against daily process data measured of a methanol plant recorded for a period of 4 years. Good agreement was achieved. The optimization was achieve by use of genetic algorithms in two steps and the results show there is a favorable profile of methanol production rate along the dual‐type reactor relative to the conventional‐type reactor. Initially, the optimal ratio of reactor lengths and temperature profiles along the reactor were obtained. Then, the approach was followed to get an optimal temperature profile at three periods of operation to maximize production rate. These optimization approaches increased by 4.7 % and 5.8 % additional yield, respectively, throughout 4 years, as catalyst lifetime. Therefore, the performance of the methanol reactor system improves using optimized dual‐type methanol reactor.     

国内外甲醇合成工艺评述

介绍了近年来国内外甲醇技术的发展历史和工业化生产中的一些技术问题,通过对传统甲醇合成工艺、催化剂和反应器类型优缺点的比较,重点评述了浆态床反应器低温液相两步法合成甲醇的新工艺和尚需解决的关键问题,并对今后的研究方向作了展望。     

Enhancement of Methanol Production in a Membrane Dual‐Type Reactor

In this study, a dynamic model for a membrane dual‐type methanol reactor was developed in the presence of long term catalyst deactivation. The proposed model is used to compare the performance of a membrane dual‐type methanol reactor with a conventional dual‐type methanol reactor. A conventional dual‐type methanol reactor is a shell and tube heat exchanger reactor in which the first reactor is cooled with cooling water and the second one is cooled with synthesis gas. In a membrane dual‐type reactor, the wall of the tubes in the gas‐cooled conventional reactor is covered with a palladium‐silver membrane, which is only permeable to hydrogen. Hydrogen can penetrate from the feed synthesis gas side into the reaction side due to the hydrogen partial pressure driving force. Hydrogen permeation through the membrane shifts the reaction towards the product side according to the thermodynamic equilibrium. The proposed dynamic model was validated against measured daily process data of a methanol plant recorded for a period of four years and a good agreement was achieved. The simulation results show that there is a favorable profile of temperature and activity of the membrane dual‐type reactor relative to single and conventional dual‐type reactor systems. Therefore, the performance of methanol reactor systems improves when a membrane is used in a conventional dual‐type methanol reactor.     

浆态床中二氧化碳加氢合成甲醇

研究了浆态床中自行开发的LP201甲醇合成催化剂上二氧化碳加氢合成甲醇的过程。探讨了不同操作条件,如温度、压力、气体空速、原料气配比等对反应的影响;考察了该催化剂在浆态床二氧化碳加氢合成甲醇过程中的稳定性。实验结果表明,浆态床二氧化碳加氢合成甲醇过程中主要产物为甲醇、CO和水;随温度的增加,CO2的转化率和甲醇产率呈现上升的趋势,但甲醇的选择性明显下降;压力的升高有利于CO2的转化率、甲醇产率以及甲醇的选择性提高;原料气空速的提高会增大甲醇产率,但同时降低CO2的转化率以及甲醇的选择性;CO2的转化率、甲醇收率以及甲醇的选择性在氢碳摩尔比4～5获得极大值。LP201催化剂的寿命考察结果表明,该催化剂具有较好的催化活性和稳定性。     

HZSM-5催化剂上甲醇制丙烯反应条件的研究

以HZSM-5分子筛为催化剂,在固定床反应器中考察了反应温度和原料空速对甲醇制丙烯性能的影响。结果表明,随着反应温度的升高,乙烯和丙烯选择性均增加,但温度过高容易引起催化剂的失活;而随原料空速的增大,甲醇转化率、乙烯和丙烯的选择性均呈下降趋势。最佳的反应条件为反应温度为460°C,原料液时空速为1.4 kg(Methanol)/kg(cat.).h。对添加粘结剂与未添加粘结剂成型后的催化剂性能比较,表明添加粘结剂成型后,甲醇转化率和丙烯选择性有所下降。