VO2薄膜的制备技术及应用研究

VO2作为一种最有应用潜力的功能材料,在智能窗等许多领域发挥着非常重要的作用。VO2是一种热致变色材料,相变温度为68℃,相变前后VO2光学性能有较大的变化。本文详细介绍了VO2薄膜的各种制备方法,同时分析了降低VO2薄膜相变温度及提高VO2薄膜可见光透过率的方法,并综述了其应用领域。     

热致变色V02薄膜的制备及研究进展

VO2作为一种最有应用潜力的功能材料,在智能窗等许多领域发挥着非常重要的作用.V02是一种热致变色材料,相变温度为68℃,相变前后VO2光学性能有较大的变化.详细介绍YVO2薄膜的各种制备方法;同时,分析了降低VO2薄膜相变温度及提高VO2薄膜可见光透过率的方法,并综述了其应用领域.     

热致变色VO2薄膜制备与影响相变因素

VO2具有优异的热致变色特性,已成为功能材料领域研究的热点.论文从VO2薄膜制备方法与薄膜相变特性影响因素两个方面,对其最新研究成果进行综述,总结了各种制备方法的优缺点,阐明了薄膜性能影响因素,并对其今后的研究与发展方向进行了展望.     

VO2薄膜相变及其温度滞后

以攀钢产V2O5为原料，采用无机胶体法制备电阻突变VO2薄膜，研究了VO2薄膜的电阻突变温度、突变数量级及其突变温度滞后. 结果表明，VO2薄膜相变温度为35℃，制备方法和衬底材质对VO2薄膜的电阻突变数量级有较大影响. 以普通玻璃和石英玻璃作衬底、用H2还原法，可使VO2薄膜的电阻突变达到2~3个数量级，用N2热分解法仅能达到1.5~2个数量级；普通玻璃衬底上VO2薄膜的电阻突变数量级小于石英玻璃衬底上的VO2薄膜的电阻突变数量级. VO2薄膜的电阻突变温度滞后为1~6℃，电阻突变数量级、衬底材质和制备方法对其有较大影响.     

二氧化钒薄膜制备方法研究进展

VO_2是一种受人关注的功能材料,在68℃附近发生从高温金属相到低温半导体相的突变,且相变可逆。由于相变前后其电、磁、光性能有较大的变化,使得它在智能玻璃、存储介质和非制冷红外成像等方面有着广泛的应用。由于制备高纯度VO_2薄膜较为困难,因此人们对VO_2薄膜的制备进行了大量的研究工作。文章综述了VO_2薄膜的各种物理制备方法与化学制备方法以及他们的最新研究进展,根据对不同制备方法优缺点的分析及探讨,对二氧化钒薄膜制备方法的研究方向进行了展望。     

VO2相变温度及性能的影响因素与应用研究进展

二氧化钒（VO2）作为一种相变金属氧化物，相变温度为68℃。在68℃以下VO2呈绝缘单斜相，在68℃以上呈金红石相，由于这种晶体结构的变化导致VO2在光性能和电性能方面表现出可逆的突变，从而成为光电开关领域的宠儿。基于此，本文对VO2的制备方法及其调控VO2相变温度与性能所采取的主要手段进行了综述，并归纳了不同制备方法的优缺点及调控VO2相变温度与性能的因素，总结了近年来VO2的应用进展，最后对VO2今后的发展趋势进行了展望，期望对相关领域的研究者具有指导作用。     

二氧化钒粉体的制备及其应用研究

二氧化钒(VO2)在相变温度68℃附近具有良好的半导体-金属相变(MIT)特性,在相变的同时光学及电学等性能也随之发生改变。本文简要介绍了VO2光学和电学性能,综述了现阶段VO2粉体的制备方法及其应用的研究进展。     

退火真空度与氧化钒薄膜物相的相关性

以高纯五氧化二钒(V2O5)粉末(纯度≥99.99%,质量分数)为原料,用真空蒸发工艺制备出氧化钒薄膜,并测试其在真空退火前、后的X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射谱及电阻-温度关系曲线.结果显示:低真空退火对氧化钒薄膜的还原性比高真空退火的强.但是,在高真空退火下得到的氧化钒薄膜的晶粒尺寸要比在低真空下退火的大.随退火温度升高,高真空下退火制备的薄膜经历了从VO2(B)到V02(B)与V6O13混合,再到V6O13的转变过程,B表示薄膜无热致相变特性.低真空下退火制备的薄膜经历了从VO2(B)到VO2(A)的转变,A表示薄膜有热致相变特性.这些薄膜的电学性质也有很大不同.     

二氧化钒及其掺W粉末的制备及表征

二氧化钒(VO2)是一种热敏材料,在341 K可以发生从半导体单斜晶相VO2(M)到金属导体相VO2(R)的可逆转变,这种相变伴随着VO2的电、磁和光学性质发生突变,由于其相变的特性,使VO2被广泛应用。文章采用水淬-水热法,制备了VO2(B)粉体及其W掺杂粉体,经过热处理VO2(B)可以转变为具有相变特性的VO2(M),利用SEM、XRD、DSC等手段对VO2(B)和VO2(M)及其W掺杂粉体进行了表征。     

液相自组装Ce、W掺杂VO2薄膜的制备及其性能研究

利用三氯十八烷基硅烷(octadecyltrichlorosilane--OTS)为模板,以草酸、五氧化二钒,硝酸铈、钨酸铵、为原料,利用自组装薄膜技术,在玻璃基片上成功制备了氧化钒薄膜。测量了紫外光照射后OTS薄膜的亲水性。通过X射线衍射研究了自组装氧化钒薄膜的晶体结构,利用扫描电镜观察了薄膜的表面形貌,表明通过自组装制备的氧化钒薄膜通过退火处理后,可以良好的在玻璃基片上成膜,薄膜质量良好。通过FTIR测试表明,1%Ce和1.5%W共掺杂的VO2薄膜其相变温度从65℃降低到28℃。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。