紫五加的营养成分分析与评价

目的以云南墨江特色野生蔬菜紫五加为研究材料,分析评价紫五加嫩茎叶及其超微粉的主要营养成分。方法根据食品安全国家标准的要求,通过氨基酸自动分析仪分析、凯氏定氮法、化学滴定法等方法检测紫五加嫩茎叶及其超微粉的一般营养成分、矿物质及氨基酸含量,并与白菜、芹菜、菠菜、蕨菜、鱼腥草、香椿等蔬菜进行比较分析,评价紫五加的营养价值及开发前景。结果紫五加的水分含量为87.9%,粗蛋白含量为2.74%,灰分含量为1.2%,粗纤维含量为2.21%,维生素C含量为16 mg/100 g,说明紫五加富含蛋白质、粗纤维和维生素C。紫五加的氨基酸组成均衡,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的41.0%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值为0.69,鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸含量的28.96%,天冬氨酸、谷氨酸这类鲜味氨基酸的含量相对较高。紫五加富含各种矿物质,如钾、钙、镁、铁、锌、铜、锰,尤其是钾、钙和镁,含量均高于大白菜、芹菜等一般蔬菜和蕨菜、鱼腥草。结论紫五加是一种口感鲜美、高蛋白、高纤维,富含维生素C和各种矿物质的野生蔬菜,具有较高的营养价值和良好的开发前景。     

云南3种胶质食用菌营养成分分析与蛋白质营养价值评价

为了区别3种胶质食用菌在营养成分上的差异,为胶质食用菌的营养价值研究和深度开发利用提供一定依据,采用凯氏定氮法、索氏抽提法、原子吸收光谱法等方法对云南产3种胶质食用菌金耳、银耳、黑木耳的基本营养成分、矿物质、氨基酸的种类和含量进行测定,并通过氨基酸比值系数法对其蛋白质营养价值进行评价。结果表明:3种胶质食用菌的基本营养成分含量存在差异,以金耳的总糖含量最高,为75.30%,银耳的灰分含量最高,为6.40 g/100 g,黑木耳的粗蛋白、粗纤维含量最高,分别为11.20、9.70 g/100 g。3种胶质食用菌均含有人体必需的钙、钾、钠、镁、铁、锌等矿物质元素,但在含量上存在较大差异。以黑木耳的钙、镁、铁的含量最高,银耳的钾、钠、锌含量最高。3种胶质食用菌都含有17种氨基酸,其中包含人体必需氨基酸7种,谷氨酸和天门冬氨酸等鲜味氨基酸含量较高,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的质量分数均高于FAO/WHO氨基酸模式谱,3种胶质食用菌SRC 值由高到低分别为银耳（82.25）>黑木耳（78.09）>金耳（77.98）,均在80左右,营养价值与利用率较高。3种胶质食用菌蛋白质营养价值差别不明显,都是含有较高蛋白质,低脂肪、高纤维、高总糖含量的菌类,具有较高营养价值和开发前景。     

毛瓣金花茶叶片化学成分及生理活性物质分析

对毛瓣金花茶老叶和嫩叶中的营养成分、生理活性物质、氨基酸和矿质元素含量进行了测定。结果表明:毛瓣金花茶叶片营养成分丰富,老叶中总糖、粗脂肪、粗纤维、灰分均高于嫩叶,而嫩叶中的粗蛋白含量较高。毛瓣金花茶叶片中生理活性物质含量较高,嫩叶中黄酮类物质、茶多酚、皂甙、咖啡碱、多糖等明显高于老叶。老叶和嫩叶中氨基酸总量分别为5.99%和6.80%,其中以谷氨酸、门冬氨酸、亮氨酸和赖氨酸等4种氨基酸含量较高;老叶和嫩叶中EAA/TAA分别为42.24%和43.38%,EAA/NEAA分别为为73.12%和76.62%,均达到FAO/WHO标准。毛瓣金花茶老叶的矿质元素含量更为丰富,老叶中Ca、Mn、Zn、Fe、Se、Mo等均高于嫩叶。与金花茶叶片相比,毛瓣金花茶叶片中茶多酚、总黄酮、氨基酸等含量更高,矿质元素Ca、Mn、Fe、Zn、Cu、Se、Mo含量更为丰富,具有较高的开发利用价值。     

林芝美味牛肝菌的营养成分分析

对林芝的2份味美味牛肝菌样品,采用常规分析方法,进行蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、总糖、灰分、水分、矿物质元素和氨基酸等营养成分分析。结果表明,2份美味牛肝菌富含粗纤维、矿物质、蛋白质及氨基酸;在矿物质元素中,钠、镁、铜和锰含量的差别较小,钾、钙、铁、锌、硒和铬含量的差别较大,钾和钙的含量相对较高,铅和汞未检出,镉和砷在限量值内;8种必需氨基酸占氨基酸总含量的40.22%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的质量比为0.67,9种药用氨基酸占氨基酸总量的60%以上。     

林芝手掌参营养成分分析与评价

为评价手掌参的营养价值,以西藏林芝3个地方的手掌参样品为研究对象,对其6种主要营养成分、18种氨基酸及11种矿物元素进行分析。结果表明,手掌参成分主要为糖、粗纤维和蛋白质,共占55.81%(均值)。总糖平均含量为39.27%(均值),粗纤维平均含量为9.37%(均值);其灰分平均含量为1.04%(均值)。样品中必需氨基酸含量占氨基酸总量(essential amino acids/total amino acids,E/T)的34.19%(均值),必需氨基酸含量与非必需氨基酸含量的比值(essential amino acids/non essential amino acids,E/N)为52%(均值),鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸的23.70%(均值)。药用氨基酸占总氨基酸的59.63%(均值),其中精氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、缬氨酸含量较高;色氨酸为第一限制氨基酸。其含常量元素K、Ca、Na;Zn、Mg、Pb等元素未检出。     

新疆伊犁马肉中氨基酸含量测定及分析

利用氨基酸自动分析仪对新疆伊犁马肉进行分析,测定了伊犁马肉中氨基酸的种类和含量,发现伊犁马肉中氨基酸含量丰富,氨基酸总含量为19.91%,所含的人体必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量的38.5%,基本符合理想蛋白质中人体必需氨基酸标准,而且药效氨基酸含量较高,占总氨基酸含量的68.4%,其中还含有较高含量的谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、亮氨酸和赖氨酸。结果表明伊犁马肉具有很高的营养价值和一定的药用价值。     

华南地区近江牡蛎营养成分分析及评价

本文分析和评价了华南沿海10个地区近江牡蛎的营养成分,并讨论了内脏团对近江牡蛎营养成分的影响。结果显示:调查地区近江牡蛎的水分、粗蛋白、脂肪和灰分质量分数分别为84.90%、7.64%、0.75%和1.71%;10个地区近江牡蛎均检测出16种氨基酸,其中7种为必需氨基酸,总氨基酸含量为3.97~7.60 g/100 g,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸(EAA/TAA)的比率在33.86%~38.06%之间,蛋氨酸为第一限制氨基酸,风味氨基酸占氨基酸总量38.42%~43.25%;钙、铁、锌、硒等微量元素丰富。近江牡蛎去除内脏团后蛋白质含量较牡蛎整体蛋白质含量略高,脂肪含量略低;总氨基酸平均含量为5.83 g/100 g,略有升高,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的35.59%,风味氨基酸占总氨基酸的41.16%,钙、铁、锌、硒微量元素含量与近江牡蛎整体含量相近,其中锌含量较牡蛎整体略高。因此,近江牡蛎是一种有较高营养价值的水产品,除去内脏团后的近江牡蛎营养价值略有升高,建议消费者除去内脏后食用,对保障消费者安全具有重要的意义。     

八月瓜果实营养成分分析和评价

为分析研究八月瓜果实的营养价值,本文用火焰原子吸收光谱法、液相色谱法、荧光分光光度法等实验方法对八月瓜果皮、果肉和种子中营养物质成分进行检测分析。基于检测分析可知,八月瓜果实具有很高的营养价值。其中,八月瓜果皮含有锰、钾矿物质营养成分,含量分别为0.645、342 mg/100 g;八月瓜果皮总氨基酸含量为0.313 mg/100 g,含15种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸7种,必需氨基酸比重达到WHO/FAO提出理想蛋白质条件,必需氨基酸含量不及果肉均衡,营养价值比果肉低;含有少量的维生素E、果胶、蛋白质和脂肪。八月瓜种子含有多种矿物质营养成分,即含钾、磷、钙、铁矿物质营养成分,含量分别为586、180、191、2.85 mg/100 g;八月瓜种子富含多种矿物质营养成分,即富含锰、铜、镁矿物质营养成分,含量分别为:4.63、1.3、157 mg/100 g;脂肪酸含量为2.662 g/100 g,不饱和酸含量比重为76%。八月瓜果肉含有铜矿质营养成分,含量为0.25 mg/100 g;富含锰矿物质营养成分,含量为7.51 mg/100 g;八月瓜果肉总氨基酸量含量为0.419 mg/100 g,含16种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸8种,必需氨基酸比重达到WHO/FAO提出理想蛋白质条件,必需氨基酸含量均衡,营养价值高;含有少量的维生素、脂肪、蛋白质和黄酮。本文可为八月瓜果的开发利用提供理论支持和技术指导,推动八月瓜理论研究进程。     

黄鳞多孔菌营养成分分析及营养价值评价

以云南黄鳞多孔菌为原料,分析黄鳞多孔菌的营养成分,对其营养价值进行分析评价。结果表明:黄鳞多孔菌营养成分丰富,蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、总糖含量分别为2.45、0.22、1.40、61.30 g/100 g,含有钾、磷、钠、硒、钙、铁、锌等多种矿质元素和VB1、VB2。黄鳞多孔菌中包含16种氨基酸,7种人体必需氨基酸,氨基酸总含量为1829 mg/100 g,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量的41.61%,氨基酸评分(AAS)、化学评分(CS)、必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)、生物价(BV)、营养指数(NI)分别为68.00、60.00、81.69、77.34、2.00。药用氨基酸占氨基酸总含量的67.14%。黄鳞多孔菌是一种高营养价值的食用菌,具有良好的开发利用前景。     

野生刺枝紫菜(Pyropia acanthophora)的营养成分分析与评价

为探究、评价海南野生刺枝紫菜(Pyropia acanthophora)的营养和开发利用价值,该研究测定了刺枝紫菜与人工养殖条斑紫菜(Pyropia yezoensis)中的基本营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成及含量,比较分析、评价了刺枝紫菜和条斑紫菜的营养价值。结果显示,刺枝紫菜基本营养成分中蛋白质、脂肪、灰分、粗纤维、总碳水化合物的含量分别为21.7%、0.2%、12.2%、2.7%、55.9%(质量分数)。条斑紫菜基本营养成分中蛋白质、脂肪、灰分、粗纤维、总碳水化合物的含量分别为46.2%、0.6%、8.6%、3.5%、39.3%(质量分数)。刺枝紫菜共检测出20种脂肪酸,单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、饱和酸和脂肪酸含量分别为0.99%、1.47%、3.2%、5.66%(质量分数)。条斑紫菜共检测出19种脂肪酸,单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、饱和酸和脂肪酸含量分别为0.32%、3.10%、1.53%和4.95%(质量分数)。该研究中2种紫菜均检测出16种氨基酸,其中含有7种人体必需氨基酸,刺枝紫菜中氨基酸含量为20.0%,条斑紫菜中氨基酸含量为41.1%。研究表明,刺枝紫菜是一种...     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press