基于统计直方图两步法的星载单光子数据去噪

针对星载单光子激光有效回波信号混杂于噪声中难以区分的问题,提出一种基于统计直方图两步法的星载单光子数据去噪方法。先后采用沿轨小窗口直方图粗去噪与距离平方统计直方图精去噪,实现星载单光子回波数据中的噪声光子有效剔除。利用该方法对美国星载单光子激光雷达先进地形激光测高系统(ATLAS)的强与弱波束、白天和夜间、平地与山地3种典型情况下的回波光子数据进行实验,结合ATLAS官方去噪结果,基于混淆矩阵统计去噪精确度。实验结果表明,强波束数据去噪精确度为98.86%,弱波束数据去噪精确度为96.94%;夜间数据去噪精确度为99.02%,白天数据去噪精度为98.86%;山地数据去噪精确度为96.28%,平地数据去噪精确度为96.94%。说明本文方法适用于常见的以上3种典型情况下的星载单光子数据去噪。     

结合改进DBSCAN和统计滤波的单光子去噪算法

为了解决光子计数激光雷达探测数据中噪声点云过多的问题, 采用结合基于密度的噪声空间聚类应用算法(DBSCAN)和统计滤波算法的单光子点云去噪方法, 以美国国家航空航天局提供的多波束试验激光雷达实际飞行数据为实验数据, 通过k维树求取点云密度进行粗去噪, 然后运用改进DBSCAN算法和统计滤波算法进行精去噪, 进行了理论分析和实验验证。结果表明, 实验区目标点云识别率在85%以上, 性能优于经典的半径滤波算法。这一结果对于光子数据去噪是有帮助的。     

山地坡度自适应星载光子计数激光雷达点云去噪方法

星载光子计数激光雷达在接收信号的过程中会产生大量噪声,并且在复杂的山区地形中信噪比低,极大地影响对植被点云信号的准确提取。为解决该问题,提出了一种基于山地坡度的密度聚类算法。通过分析点云数据的密度和森林目标地形特征,用最大密度中心搜索法进行粗去噪,基于点云数据计算坡度角以优化密度聚类,完成数据精去噪。通过对提取的森林区域信号进行分类,拟合植被冠层廓线和地表廓线,结果表明本算法提取植被光子信号的准确率较高,地面与冠层廓线的RMSE分别为0.3588 m和3.7449 m,更适用于植被遥感点云数据处理。     

基于EMD算法的海杂波信号去噪

为有效提取噪声背景下的海杂波信号,针对实际海杂波信号非线性非平稳的特点,提出基于EMD算法对实测海杂波数据去噪。对噪声水平未知条件下,EMD算法分解的哪些内蕴模式是信号部分难以有效界定的问题,提出基于噪声主要在高频段且能量较小、信号能量主要集中在低频段思想的噪声判断准则。为验证EMD去噪效果,将该算法对含有噪声的海杂波实测数据进行去噪,采用信噪比和均方差两项指标衡量去噪效果,并与均值、中值、db2小波等去噪方法对比,EMD算法在这两项指标均优于其他算法,说明EMD算法对海杂波数据去噪是有效的。     

基于小波阈值算法的海杂波信号去噪

为有效提取噪声背景下的海杂波信号,针对海杂波信号非线性非平稳的特点,提出基于小波阈值算法对实测海杂波数据去噪。在噪声水平未知条件下,提出基于噪声主要在高频段且能量较小、信号主要集中在低频段思想的噪声判断准则。为验证小波去噪效果,将该算法对含有噪声的海杂波实测数据进行去噪,采用均方差和降噪信号信噪比两项指标来衡量去噪效果,并与均值和中值等去噪方法对比,小波算法在这两项指标均优于其他算法;此外,实验结果还表明,db2小波在双曲线阈值函数和HeurSure阈值模式下优于其他小波去噪效果。     

基于小波去噪和时频分析的智能电表量测数据挖掘研究

为提升智能电表量测数据挖掘效果,该文研究一种基于小波去噪和时频分析的智能电表量测数据挖掘方法。应用小波变换阈值去噪方法对数据集进行去噪,通过惩罚策略选择阈值后,对存在噪声的数据集进行运算,获取去噪后的数据集,根据去噪后的小波系数与存在噪声的小波系数获取最优阈值函数;利用自适应最优径向高斯核时频分析方法,有效将最优阈值函数的数据集分离为自分量信号与互分量信号,精准挖掘智能电表仿真模型数据库内数据,完成智能电表量测数据信息的输出。实验结果表明,所研究方法去噪效果较好,相对误差保持在2%以内,挖掘精度维持在96%以上,应用性能较好。     

基于粒子群算法的科技创新数据检索系统设计

当前使用的深度学习驱动、基于哈希算法的数据检索方式,容易受到原始数据集冗余信息和噪声影响,存在检索查准率和查全率不高的问题,因此提出了基于粒子群算法的科技创新数据检索系统设计。使用检索引擎构建索引库群,设计检索数据存储模块、关联导航模块、数据分词流程。利用粒子群算法求解分词最短路径,根据数据分词处理结果,获取查询关键词对应的查询分词向量,完成数据检索,以此作为分词结果,避免系统检索受到原始数据集冗余信息和噪声影响。由实验结果可知,该系统查准率最高为96%,查全率最高为97%,具有高效检索效果。     

基于多特征自适应的单光子点云去噪算法

新型星载光子计数雷达可获取地面及地面目标的高精度三维信息,但是其测量精度受噪声影响较大。针对在背景噪声不一致及坡度较大区域自动化提取单光子激光数据信号较为困难的难题,文中提出基于多特征自适应的单光子点云去噪算法,有别于传统圆形或椭圆形滤波核,选择更加符合单光子点云数据特征的平行四边形滤波核,分别通过坡度、空间密度、噪声率等多特征自适应识别信号。选择位于青藏高原冰川区域坡度较大且地形破碎的ICESat-2单光子点云数据,开展点云去噪试验和验证,通过与ATL03、ATL08官方去噪结果对比,文中算法在背景噪声水平不一致和大坡度区域具有更优的性能。     

时空自适应的分焦平面偏振视频PCA去噪

分焦平面式（DoFP）偏振成像探测器通过集成式微偏振阵列实现偏振信息的实时获取。然而由于成像过程中存在噪声,对后续的偏振图像去马赛克超分辨、场景偏振信息解算产生了严重影响。基于主成分分析（PCA）提出一种时空自适应DoFP视频数据去噪算法,对于每个待去噪的DoFP图像块,在其局部时空邻域内选取相似的图像块,然后利用主成分分析对其去噪。该算法充分利用DoFP视频数据的时空信息构建训练样本,且块匹配过程无需采用运动估计,可直接用于DoFP视频数据去噪。进一步提出基于双边滤波的残余噪声去除算法,从而得到更好的去噪效果。通过模拟与真实数据对所提算法进行实验验证,结果证明:所提算法可有效抑制噪声,在相同测试条件下,所提算法优于现有算法。     

基于改进CEEMDAN在电能质量复合扰动去噪中的应用

为提高噪声环境下电能质量复合扰动识别精度，提出一种基于改进自适应噪声完备经验模态分解（CEEMDAN）去噪算法。首先通过CEEMDAN方法将含噪信号分解为若干本征模态函数（IMF）；然后将改进兰氏距离与多重分形去趋势波动分析（MFDFA）结合，把若干IMF分量分为信号IMF分量、噪声和信号混叠IMF分量、噪声IMF分量。对于混叠IMF分量、噪声IMF分量分别采用改进奇异谱分析（SSA）、小波阈值（WT）去噪；最后，将经去噪处理的IMF分量与信号IMF分量进行重构。实验表明：与对比算法相比，含噪扰动经新算法去噪后，信噪比显著提高，去噪效果良好。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.