大豆分离蛋白的功能特性

大豆分离蛋白的功能特性是指蛋白质在食品加工中，如制取、配制、加工、烹调、贮藏。销售过程中所表现出来的理化特性的总称。其功能特性主要有乳化性、水合性、吸油性。胶凝性、溶解性、发泡性、粘性、结团性、组织性、结膜性、调色性等十一大功能，现分述如下：一、乳化性：乳化性是指将油和水混合在一起形成乳状液的性能。大豆分离蛋白是表面活性剂，它既能降低水和油的表面张力，又能降低水和空气的表面张力，易于形成稳定的乳状液。乳化的油滴被聚集在油滴表面的蛋白质所稳定，形成一种保护层，这个保护层，可以防止油滴聚集和乳化状态…     

反胶团萃取法制备的葡萄皮蛋白质的功能特性研究

以葡萄酒下脚料中葡萄皮为原料,采用反胶团萃取分离得到葡萄皮蛋白质,研究了pH、NaCl浓度、蛋白质质量浓度和温度对提取的葡萄皮蛋白质功能特性影响。结果表明:在等电点时,蛋白质起泡稳定性达到最大值29%,远离等电点时,蛋白质具有良好的吸水性、溶解性、乳化性及乳化稳定性、起泡性、黏度;一定范围的NaCl浓度和蛋白质质量浓度对葡萄皮蛋白质的功能性质起正效应。温度在20～40℃范围内,葡萄皮蛋白质的吸水性、溶解度、吸油性、乳化性及乳化稳定性随温度升高而增加,而起泡性及起泡稳定性在50℃时达到最大值,黏度始终与温度变化成负相关。     

大鲵皮胶原蛋白肽理化性质和功能特性研究

高温高压辅助提取大鲵皮胶原蛋白肽,并研究大鲵皮胶原蛋白肽的的主要的理化性质,如:水分、灰分、透射比、氨基酸组成和氮溶解指数等以及功能特性,如:吸水性、保水性、湿润性、吸油性、乳化性与乳化稳定性、起泡性与泡沫稳定性和凝胶性等。结果表明大鲵皮胶原蛋白肽的理化指标高于轻工业标准,含有7种人体必需氨基酸,并且具有良好的氮溶解指数、吸水性、保水性、湿润性、吸油性、相对较弱的乳化性和乳化稳定性、起泡性泡沫稳定性,低浓度下无胶凝现象,因此可直接用于食品生产中。     

去凝集素芸豆粉理化与功能特性的研究

研究去凝集素芸豆粉理化与功能特性。溶剂浸提法制备去凝集素芸豆粉,测定其基本营养成分、堆积密度、吸水性指数、水溶性指数、吸水性、吸油性、乳化性、乳化稳定性、起泡性和泡沫稳定性等理化及功能性质。实验表明,去凝集素处理能够显著降低芸豆粉中蛋白质、总糖含量、吸水性指数、水溶性指数、吸水性、乳化性与起泡性(p0.05),但对芸豆粉吸油能力、乳化稳定性及泡沫稳定性具有显著提高作用(p0.05)。结果表明,去凝集素芸豆粉相对于普通芸豆粉仍保留了较好的营养成分组成及理化、功能特性,营养、理化及功能特性,可能更适用于复配杂粮膨化食品开发。     

茶叶蛋白质功能性质及其在肉制品中的应用研究

利用复合蛋白酶提取茶叶中的蛋白质,并对其蛋白质功能特性进行测定。研究表明,与大豆分离蛋白相比,茶叶蛋白质的吸油性、乳化性稳定性较高,而吸水性、乳化性、发泡性稍低。茶叶蛋白质应用于西式香肠中,在外观、香气、口味、肉质等品质上与添加大豆分离蛋白质的西式香肠相比,均未有明显区别,是一种较好的功能性蛋白质资源。     

脱皮脱脂杂豆粉的理化与功能特性

以大白芸豆、奶花芸豆、小白芸豆、豇豆、绿豆、红小豆、小扁豆、豌豆8种食用杂豆为实验材料,以大豆为对照,对其脱皮、脱脂后的杂豆粉理化特性和功能特性进行比较分析。结果表明：与脱皮脱脂大豆粉相比,脱皮脱脂杂豆粉的堆积密度和吸水性指数高,水溶性指数、吸水能力、吸油能力低,乳化性、乳化稳定性差异不显著,凝胶能力强,起泡性及起泡稳定性差异显著。不同杂豆粉之间的理化特性与功能特性有差异。脱脂大白芸豆粉的堆积密度小,水溶性指数、吸油性和乳化稳定性高;脱脂小白芸豆粉吸水性、乳化性、起泡性及起泡稳定性强;脱脂豌豆粉凝胶能力和起泡性好,乳化稳定性差。     

干茶叶蛋白和新鲜茶叶蛋白性质研究

分别用碱法从新鲜茶叶和干茶叶中提取出茶叶蛋白,对两种蛋白的溶解性、分子量、氨基酸成分、吸水性、吸油性、乳化性、乳化稳定性、起泡性、凝胶性等功能性质进行了研究.结果表明,干茶叶蛋白的吸油性、凝胶性和乳化性比新鲜茶叶蛋白好,而溶解性、吸水性、乳化稳定性、起泡性和起泡稳定性不如新鲜茶叶蛋白.对两种茶叶蛋白的分子量分布和氨基酸成分也做了研究.     

伽马射线辐照对红豆分离蛋白功能性质的影响

以红豆分离蛋白作为原料,采用伽马射线辐照处理,考察不同剂量(1、3、5、7、10k Gy)辐照处理条件对红豆蛋白功能性质的影响。对红豆蛋白吸水性、吸油性、溶解性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、起泡性和起泡稳定性进行测量,结果表明,在低剂量辐照处理时,红豆蛋白的蛋白质分子结构展开,疏水基团暴露,各种功能性质均有所改善,但随着辐照剂量进一步增加,红豆蛋白分子发生聚集,使吸水性、溶解性、乳化性、起泡性有所下降,但吸油性、乳化稳定性和起泡稳定性仍呈现上升趋势。不同剂量的辐照处理使红豆蛋白质结构发生不同程度的改变,进而影响其功能性质。     

棉籽蛋白功能特性的研究

考察了棉籽浓缩蛋白、沉淀蛋白和溶解蛋白3种棉籽蛋白的氮溶指数、吸水性、吸油性、起泡性与泡沫稳定性、乳化性与乳化稳定性等功能特性。结果表明,棉籽溶解蛋白的乳化性和起泡性较佳;棉籽浓缩蛋白和沉淀蛋白,除吸油、吸水能力强之外,其他的功能特性均较差。在吸水性方面,棉籽蛋白的吸水性要低于菜籽沉淀蛋白,但高于大豆沉淀蛋白。在吸油性方面,棉籽蛋白均低于菜籽蛋白和大豆蛋白。     

不同粒级低温脱脂去皮菜籽粕微粉的功能特性研究

以经脱皮、低温脱脂的菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成3个不同粒级的微粉样品,并以未经筛分的去皮菜籽粕为对照样品,研究了这些样品的功能特性,包括吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、溶解度和体外消化率。结果表明：去皮低温菜籽粕的超微粉样品1（150～212 μm）具有较高的吸水性和吸油性。超微粉碎可显著提高去皮菜籽粕的吸水性和吸油性;样品2（106～150 μm）的乳化活性最高,而超微粉样品1的乳化稳定度最好。超微粉碎可显著提高去皮菜籽粕的乳化性和乳化稳定性;去皮低温菜籽粕的蛋白质溶解度和蛋白质体外消化率均随微粉粒度的减小而提高。     

Functional properties of 8S globulin fractions from 15 mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) cultivars

The functional properties including solubility, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foaming properties and emulsifying properties of 8S globulin fractions from 15 mung bean cultivars were investigated in this study. In addition, the effects of pH on solubility, foaming properties and emulsifying properties were studied. The functional properties of the 8S globulin fractions varied significantly among the different mung bean varieties and exhibited better performance in solubility and emulsion stability compared with soya bean 7S protein. A negative correlation was found between water absorption capacity and oil absorption capacity. Remarkable differences in polypeptides constituents were observed in 8S globulin fractions, and the ratio of 11S/8S globulins has a positive effect on water absorption capacity while a negative effect on oil absorption capacity. As a function of pH, the emulsifying activity indexes of the 8S globulin fractions were found to be distinctly dependent on the solubility, while no significant correlation was found between the emulsifying stability and solubility, nor between the foaming properties and solubility. The foaming capacity showed a strong correlation with foam stability.     

莲子发芽对其功能及化学特性的影响

将莲子浸泡于水中,放置不同时间(24、36h和48h)和温度(25℃和35℃)促进其发芽,以未发芽莲子为空白对照,比较发芽种子化学和功能特性的变化。种子发芽导致胚乳中粗蛋白质和粗脂肪(P＜0.05)显著增加,而灰分和水分含量则没有可观测到的显著变化,其他成分除了植酸显著增加(P＜0.05)外,总酚、单宁和儿茶酚类物质的含量显著降低(P＜0.05)。发芽莲胚乳粉的吸水能力、吸油能力、乳化活性以及起泡性增加,而蛋白质溶解性下降(P＜0.05)。此外,发芽后莲心的总酚类化合物(P＜0.05)、总黄酮和酚类生物碱(甲基莲心碱、莲心碱、异莲心碱)含量都显著增加。因此,萌发可以增加莲子胚乳的营养质量和功能性质,而降低其抗营养性质,同样发芽能提高莲心酚类生物碱的含量。研究说明莲子发芽是改善莲子和莲心的营养质量好的方法。     

Effect of Partial Proteolysis and Succinylation on Functionality of Corn Germ Protein Isolate

Corn germ protein isolate (CGPI) was partially hydrolyzed with trypsin and pepsin and succinylated at three levels. Various functional and electrophoretic properties of the native and modified protein were determined. Water absorption and foaming properties of CGPI were Improved by partial hydrolysis with trypsin; emulsifying capacity and nitrogen solubility were reduced; oil absorption was increased only slightly. CGPI pepsin hydrolyzate has decreased oil absorption, nitrogen solubility and emulsifying capacity but improved foaming properties; water absorption was unchanged. Treatment of CGPI with succinic anhydride improved water and oil absorption, nitrogen solubility and foaming capacity but decreased emulsifying capacity; foam stability was unchanged. Succinylation retarded electropohoretic mobility while hydrolysis altered band intensities.     

桃仁清蛋白与大豆分离蛋白功能特性比较研究

为提高桃仁清蛋白(PKA)在食品工业中的应用,将其与大豆分离蛋白(SPI)对照,研究了PKA的溶解性、持水性、持油性、起泡性及泡沫稳定性、乳化性及乳化稳定性和凝胶性等功能特性.结果表明:与SPI相比,PKA具有很好的溶解性、泡沫稳定性、乳化稳定性及较低的凝胶质量浓度,持油性略高于SPI,但起泡性、乳化性及持水性较差;PKA溶解性受溶解条件影响较小.PKA具有良好的功能性质,适合作为食品添加剂或配料.     

三聚磷酸钠对猪肉肌原纤维蛋白功能特性的影响

以猪肉肌原纤维蛋白（myofibril protein,MP）为研究对象,探讨不同质量浓度三聚磷酸钠（sodium tripolyphosphate,STP）的添加对MP乳化性、乳化稳定性、起泡性等7 个功能特性指标的影响,并进行相关性分析。结果表明：随着STP质量浓度升高,MP的乳化性、乳化稳定性、起泡性、起泡稳定性、凝胶强度和凝胶保水性均呈上升趋势,表面疏水性呈下降趋势;MP的起泡性和凝胶强度在STP质量浓度为0.3 g/100 mL时最大,乳化性、表面疏水性和凝胶保水性在STP质量浓度为0.4 g/100 mL时效果最佳;MP的起泡性、起泡稳定性和乳化性呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）,乳化性与乳化稳定性呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）,乳化性、乳化稳定性、起泡性、起泡稳定性与表面疏水性呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01）,与凝胶保水性呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）,表面疏水性与凝胶保水性呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01）,表面疏水性与凝胶强度呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）。STP可以增强MP的功能特性,其质量浓度为0.3～0.4 g/100 mL时效果最佳。改善乳化性、起泡性和表面疏水性等界面性质可以增强MP的凝胶特性。     

Amino acid composition and functional properties of collagen polypeptide from Yak (Bos grunniens) bone

Collagen polypeptide was prepared from Yak bone by applying papain as a catalyst. Its relative molecular weight distribution and amino acid composition were determined. Moreover, its main functional properties including water and oil absorption, water-holding capacity, emulsifying ability and stability, foaming ability and foam stability were investigated. The polypeptide had a molecular weight distribution of 11.7-43 kDa, in which most distributed at 11.7-25.3 kDa. It was high in glycine, alanine, proline, hydroxyproline and glutamic acid but low in methionine, tyrosine and histidine, the total amino acid amount being 88.06 g/100 g. The polypeptide showed good water adsorption, water-holding capacity, oil absorption, emulsifying and foaming properties. It is hoped to be applied in food and cosmetic.     

Enhancement of Functional Properties of Rice Bran Proteins by High Pressure Treatment and Their Correlation with Surface Hydrophobicity

Changes in functional properties of rice bran proteins as influenced by high-pressure (HP) treatment (100–500 MPa, 10 min) were studied. Properties evaluated were protein solubility, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, foam stability, emulsifying activity, emulsion stability, least gelation concentration, and surface hydrophobicity. HP treatment at 100 and 200 MPa significantly improved the solubility and oil absorption capacity, while water absorption and foaming capacities increased further reaching the maximum at 500 MPa. Compared with the untreated control sample, the emulsifying activity and foam stability of treated samples were significantly higher and least gelation concentration was lower, but none of them showed any specific trend with pressure level. Emulsion stability and surface hydrophobicity increased with the pressure level until 400 MPa and decreased slightly at 500 MPa. Pearson correlation coefficients clearly showed that surface hydrophobicity was positively correlated with water absorption capacity, foaming capacity, emulsifying activity index, and emulsion stability index, but negatively correlated with least gelation concentration. The pressure treated rice bran protein possessed good functional properties for use as a food ingredient in the formulations.     

不同制备方法桑叶蛋白功能性质的比较

以广东桑大10为原料,采用水提法制备叶蛋白浓缩液,用加热法、酸沉法、酸热法、盐析法沉淀叶蛋白,分别得到蛋白样品RC、SC、SR、LC。对所得样品进行功能性质测定,与大豆分离蛋白对比,得出不同样品的功能特点。结果表明,异亮氨酸、赖氨酸分别为桑叶粉的第一、第二限制性氨基酸。不同沉淀方法对叶蛋白的功能性质有显著影响:LC的溶解性、起泡性、乳化性、吸油性最好,均优于SC、SR及RC;SR的持水性优于SC及RC,但乳化性、起泡性较差;RC、LC的胶凝性最好。与SPI相比,4个样品的吸油性均优于SPI,持水性、胶凝性则显著低于SPI(p0.05);LC的乳化稳定性(68.57%)及SC的起泡性(40%)最好,显著优于SPI(54.86%、37.67%),RC与SPI相当,SR最差,显著低于SPI(p0.05)。LC电镜扫描结果显示其具有典型的蜂巢结构。     

不同分子量海鲈鱼胶原蛋白肽组分的功能特性比较

本文采用不同截留分子量的超滤膜对海鲈鱼胶原蛋白肽溶液进行分级分离,采用碱性蛋白酶水解海鲈鱼加工副产物中提取的胶原蛋白制得的胶原蛋白肽溶液分成三个不同分子量组分SBCP1(Mw2000 u)、SBCP2(2000 uMw3000 u)和SBCP3(Mw3000 u),比较了海鲈鱼胶原蛋白肽它们的吸水性、持水性、溶解性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、起泡性和起泡稳定性等功能特性。结果显示:小分子量的SBCP1组分的吸水性和溶解性最好;大分子量SBCP3组分的持水性、乳化性和乳化稳定性以及起泡性和泡沫稳定性最好;中等分子量的SBCP2组分的吸油性最好,这个结果提示了海鲈鱼胶原蛋白肽不同分子量组分的理化特性存在显著差异,其功能特性和分子量分布有密切关系。本研究为海鲈鱼胶原蛋白肽产品的开发利用提供了指导。     

Enzymatic and extrusion pretreatments of defatted rice bran to improve functional properties of protein concentrates

This study evaluated effects of enzymatic, extrusion and combined pretreatments on functional and thermal properties of protein concentrates from defatted rice bran to improve their applicability to food formulations. After the pretreatments, protein concentrates were recovered by alkaline solubilisation and isoelectric point precipitation. Water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, emulsifying and foaming properties, and thermal stability were determined in protein concentrates. Yields of each pretreatment were above 62% protein. Enzymatic hydrolysis increased all functional properties studied, mainly for emulsifying activity index (an increase of 71.1%) and foaming capacity (an increase of 60.3%). The extrusion affected positively the oil absorption capacity, emulsifying activity index and foaming capacity. The combined process was able to raise the functional properties. The principal component analysis confirmed that 95.5% improvement in functional properties of concentrates had a strong positive correlation with the pretreatments. However, the pretreatments affected thermal stability and the enthalpy of denaturation negatively.