Justifying Equality

We consider the problem of finding irredundant bases for inconsistent sets of equalities and disequalities. These are subsets of inconsistent sets which do not contain any literals which do not contribute to the unsatisfiability in an essential way, and can therefore be discarded. The approach we are pursuing here is to decorate derivations with proofs and to extract irredundant sets of assumptions from these proofs. This requires specialized operators on proofs, but the basic inference systems are otherwise left unchanged. In particular, we include justifying inference systems for union-find structures and abstract congruence closure, but our constructions can also be applied to other inference systems such as Gaussian elimination.     

生产计划问题的决策模型研究

生产决策问题一直以来都是一个重要的决策问题。它涉及到营销策略、市场预测、风险分析,以及管理经验等方面的知识。文章结合数据仓库和联机分析技术,提出了一种生产计划问题的决策模型,以求提供一个生产计划问题的决策支持解决方案。文中首先分析了生产计划问题的决策模式,在此基础上提出了生产计划问题的决策模型,并讨论了模型的建立方法,以及求解模型过程中所涉及的算法等问题。     

Decision aid and predicates in production control

Production Control Systems (PCS) belong to the multilevel hierarchical complex systems. This article presents a four level decomposition of PCS adapted to the Decision Aid and a method for their analysis. The aim of the present analysis is to determine decision centers in order to build decision aid systems (DAS) adapted to the system controlled by decision makers. The conception of such DAS must use decision aid procedures and Artificial Intelligence techniques. This is consisting particularly in formalizing the Decision Aid Problem by using predicates, such procedures making the use of computer possible.     

Rewrite-Based Decision Procedures

The rewrite-based approach to satisfiability modulo theories consists of using generic theorem-proving strategies for first-order logic with equality. If one can prove that an inference system generates finitely many clauses from the presentation of a theory and a finite set of ground unit clauses, then any fair strategy based on that system can be used as a -satisfiability procedure. In this paper, we introduce a set of sufficient conditions to generalize the entire framework of rewrite-based -satisfiability procedures to rewrite-based -decision procedures. These conditions, collectively termed subterm-inactivity, will allow us to obtain rewrite-based -decision procedures for several theories, namely those of equality with uninterpreted functions, arrays with or without extensionality and two of its extensions, finite sets with extensionality and recursive data structures.     

DM与DSS集成的框架体系及建模

DM与DSS集成是决策环境驱动的,该文分析了DSS与DM的功能集成模式,并提出了一个DM三阶段处理过程模型(ThreeStageProcessModel),利用这个模型实现了DM系统和DSS系统的平滑结构集成,最后用面向对象的可视化建模语言(UML)对集成系统框架体系进行了建模。     

Decision tables

Decision tables have been known for almost 20 years but there are still data processing shops where systems analysts and programmers have not used them at all. That is why it is felt important to re-open their case once again and publicize experience with their use, as well as more recent developments and expected future trends. It appears, from experience gained with decision tables over the past 10 years, that they can be of great help in programming, program maintenance, as well as in design communication between analysts and programmers. To assist also in training, a brief user's guide is included in this article, which is belived to make the first attempts to easier design of a decision table. Finally, the procedure adopted to implement a machine independent (portable) decision-table preprocessor for COBOL is outlined. In as much as the availability of such a preprocessor appears essential for the degree of use of decision tables, this single fact may well become a milestone in the overall popularity of decision tables world-wide.     

多源决策信息系统的决策规则性能评价

多粒度粗糙集理论为多源决策信息系统的规则提取提供一种有效的方法,而如何对决策规则集进行评价是利用规则进行合理准确的决策和对未知样本进行可靠预测的关键问题之一。针对已有规则性能评价指标的不足,提出整体确定性、整体协调性、整体支持度的3类整体决策性能评价指标。这些评价指标将为更多的决策问题求解提供一定的理论依据。     

决策强度的决策表约简设计与比较

在平均决策强度的基础上,提出了决策强度的代数定义,以弥补基于正区域方法的局限性,并且证明了知识的决策强度随着信息粒度变小而非单调递减的规律,在此基础上设计了基于决策强度的约简方法。应用实例分析的结果表明,基于决策强度的属性重要性是一种更优的启发式信息,该方法计算直观有效,时间复杂度较低,有助于搜索最优或次优约简。最后对UCI离散数据集进行约简比较。     

Predicate Transformers for Recursive Procedures with Local Variables

The weakest precondition semantics of recursive procedures with local variables are developed for an imperative language with demonic and angelic operators for unbounded nondeterminate choice. This does not require stacking of local variables. The formalism serves as a foundation for a proof rule for total correctness of (mutually) recursive procedures with local variables. This rule is illustrated by a simple example. Its soundness is proved for arbitrary well-founded variant functions. Received March 1999 / Accepted in revised form January 2000     

Analysis of traffic accident severity using Decision Rules via Decision Trees

A Decision Tree (DT) is a potential method for studying traffic accident severity. One of its main advantages is that Decision Rules (DRs) can be extracted from its structure. And these DRs can be used to identify safety problems and establish certain measures of performance. However, when only one DT is used, rule extraction is limited to the structure of that DT and some important relationships between variables cannot be extracted. This paper presents a more effective method for extracting rules from DTs. The method’s effectiveness when applied to a particular traffic accident dataset is shown. Specifically, our study focuses on traffic accident data from rural roads in Granada (Spain) from 2003 to 2009 (both included). The results show that we can obtain more than 70 relevant rules from our data using the new method, whereas with only one DT we would have extracted only five relevant rules from the same dataset.     

机电产品可靠性预计方法与程序研究

分析了开展可靠性预计的目的和作用,阐述了电子产品可靠性预计的基本方法：相似设备预计法、设备复杂性预计法、功能预计法、元器件计数预计法及应力分析法,探讨了电子产品可靠性预计的基本程序,同时还分析了机械零部件可靠性预计方法──静强度可靠性预计法的基本程序。     

动态流程的逻辑结构设计与实现*

在介绍印刷行业ERP系统应用现状的基础上,分析了其难以实施的原因,提出了在原型基础上进行局部定制的解决方案。方案的核心是允许重构物理结构的能力和采用动态流程的思想,在论述方案的必要性及可行性的基础上,详细论述了可作为行业性ERP系统参考方案的动态流程逻辑结构的设计与实现。     

一种决策模型的自动生成及管理系统

本文说明了一种决策模型的自动生成及管理系统的设计与实现方法。该系统能够辅助人们去建立一种基于决策表的决策模型，自动进行各种检验，并能将此模型转换成另外两种决策模型。此外，它还具有决策模型库和应用案例库的管理功能。该系统已成功地运用到多个大型信息系统的开发之中。     

Representing model theory in a type-theoretical logical framework

In a broad sense, logic is the field of formal languages for knowledge and truth that have a formal semantics. It tends to be difficult to give a narrower definition because very different kinds of logics exist. One of the most fundamental contrasts is between the different methods of assigning semantics. Here two classes can be distinguished: model theoretical semantics based on a foundation of mathematics such as set theory, and proof theoretical semantics based on an inference system possibly formulated within a type theory.Logical frameworks have been developed to cope with the variety of available logics unifying the underlying ontological notions and providing a meta-theory to reason abstractly about logics. While these have been very successful, they have so far focused on either model or proof theoretical semantics. We contribute to a unified framework by showing how the type/proof theoretical Edinburgh Logical Framework (LF) can be applied to the representation of model theoretical logics.We give a comprehensive formal representation of first-order logic, covering both its proof and its model theoretical semantics as well as its soundness in LF. For the model theory, we have to represent the mathematical foundation itself in LF, and we provide two solutions for that. Firstly, we give a meta-language that is strong enough to represent the model theory while being simple enough to be treated as a fragment of untyped set theory. Secondly, we represent Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory and show how it subsumes our meta-language. Specific models are represented as LF morphisms.All representations are given in and mechanically verified by the Twelf implementation of LF. Moreover, we use the Twelf module system to treat all connectives and quantifiers independently. Thus, individual connectives are available for reuse when representing other logics, and we obtain the first version of a feature library from which logics can be pieced together.Our results and methods are not restricted to first-order logic and scale to a wide variety of logical systems, thus demonstrating the feasibility of comprehensively formalizing large scale representation theorems in a logical framework.     

利用SQL Server存储过程实现数据分页

随着信息化建设的快速发展,利用C#.NET技术开发Winform程序越来越广泛,大容量的数据库记录的访问和显示一直为开发人员所关注.针对这一问题,讨论了利用SQL server数据库的存储过程来实现分页的方法.     

Decision support systems: An expert systems approach

This paper provides a conceptual framework for designing decision support systems (DSS) using an expert systems approach. Currently there is a significant trend towards the use of knowledge-based systems techniques in DSS design, but a comprehensive framework is yet to be proposed. Our paper addresses this problem and presents such a framework. Efforts are currently underway to design, implement and test a system based on this framework.     

人工智能与控制决策

本文从研讨隐含于各种控制方式之中的控制策略入手．论述宏观决策在仿人智能控制理论框架中的作用以及控制与决策之间的关系。     

使用Delphi的Decision Cube进行多维数据分析

从多维数据分析的角度出发，对Delphi的决策支持组件Dcision Cube进行了介绍，并介绍了如何利用Dicision Cube进行多维数据分析以及支持决策，最后简要对Decision Cube进行了总结。