复合材料层合板雷击损伤数值模拟研究

复合材料导电性差,雷击损伤严重危及到复合材料飞机结构安全。研究建立了复合材料层合板雷击损伤数值模拟的三维有限元模型。首先给出雷击电流作用下复合材料层合板的热-电耦合控制方程,然后建立基于层合板温度分布的单元失效和材料热电性能衰减准则,通过ABAQUS有限元软件的热电耦合分析模块中添加用户子程序USDFLD实现复合材料层合板雷击损伤数值模拟。预测结果与试验结果对比表明,该模型可准确预测复合材料层合板雷击损伤的损伤形状、面积和深度。     

含褶皱缺陷玻璃纤维增强复合材料层合板拉伸渐进失效分析

为研究褶皱缺陷对玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料层合板拉伸性能的影响,采用Abaqus有限元软件,结合USDFLD子程序,建立含褶皱缺陷的玻璃纤维增强复合材料层合板渐进失效分析模型。通过数值仿真分析方法对含褶皱缺陷层合板在拉伸载荷作用下的强度退化和渐进失效过程进行研究,分析褶皱高宽比对层合板拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:拉伸强度预测值以及损伤初始位置与文献中实验结果吻合较好,验证了建立的仿真分析模型;随着褶皱高宽比的增加,拉伸失效载荷和强度显著降低;在拉伸载荷作用下,在褶皱变形区域与富树脂区域相接的铺层位置存在应力集中;层合板损伤由富树脂区域逐渐向褶皱变形区域扩展,最终在褶皱变形区域完全失效;受褶皱影响,层合板在拉伸过程中发生弯曲变形,在线弹性阶段,相同载荷条件下变形随着褶皱高宽比的增加而增加。     

纤维复合材料层合板在四点弯曲载荷下的损伤分析

实验测试了T300/7901碳纤维复合材料[0/90]_(8s)层合板在四点弯曲静载下的载荷-位移响应及破坏载荷。基于桥联模型,在商用软件Abaqus/CAE中实现对该层合板在四点弯曲静载条件下的层内以及层间损伤破坏进行模拟分析。分析方法分为四个部分:仅利用组分材料数据,基于桥联模型对单向复合材料层的本构关系建模;利用考虑三维应力的Hashin判据预报复合材料层的纤维拉伸、压缩损伤及基体拉伸、压缩损伤;出现组分材料损伤后对相应材料点采用Camando方法进行刚度退化;在复合材料单层中间插入薄的纯树脂层,通过树脂层的损伤破坏分析层间分层。在Abaqus/Explicit模块中,利用子程序VUMAT完成以上材料建模分析;将模拟结果与实验数据进行对比。结果表明,模拟得到的载荷-位移曲线及破坏载荷与实验结果吻合很好,所提出的材料模型能有效预报纤维复合材料层合板的层内及层间损伤破坏情况。     

缝合混杂针织结构复合材料准静态弯曲试验及有限元模拟

利用MTS-810材料试验机,研究缝合层合板复合材料的准静态三点弯曲实验,分析准静态下材料的破坏机制,即上表面的压缩破坏和下表面的拉伸破坏。根据缝合层合板的细观结构建立单胞模型,连接用户子程序,进行有限元模拟,深入分析材料破坏机理和最终破坏模式,两者均说明经向材料和纬向材料的破坏无显著区别,并且两者的载荷-位移曲线和能量吸收曲线具有良好的一致性,证明有限元模拟的正确性,为进一步研究纺织复合材料的力学性能奠定良好的基础。     

含预置分层复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤分析

以T300/QY8911碳纤维复合材料层合板为研究对象，利用三维Hashin失效准则对层内损伤进行预测，引入Cohesive界面单元模拟层间分层破坏，使用Camanho刚度退化准则确定材料参数退化方案，并编写了用户材料子程序Vumat，利用ABAQUS软件对预置不同分层损伤复合材料层合板低速冲击过程进行了数值仿真模拟。在冲击载荷作用下研究层合板的动力学响应，得到不同预置分层对层合板总分层损伤面积的影响，同时分析了冲击过程中冲击点位移随时间变化的规律。结果表明：预置分层位置离层合板中间层越远，层合板抵抗冲击承载能力越弱。预置分层的分层数目越多，层合板的刚度越低，层合板抵抗冲击承载能力越弱。在预置分层的两侧，层间分层损伤面积呈塔状分布。含预置分层层合板受到冲击时，预置分层对分层损伤的扩展具有一定的抑制作用。     

复合材料加筋层合板准静态压痕实验研究及数值分析

利用ABAQUS有限元程序所建立了一种基于用户子程序USDFLD和Hashin强度准则的复合材料损伤计算模型,用该模型对复合材料加筋层合板在静压痕力作用下主要发生的纤维拉伸破坏、纤维微屈破坏、基体拉伸破坏、基体压缩破坏、层间拉伸破坏、层间压缩破坏这几种基本损伤模式进行分析。对复合材料加筋层合板在静压痕力作用下进行损伤全过程数值研究,利用该有限元模型预测复合材料层合板静压痕力作用下的荷载-位移曲线以及凹坑深度与静压痕力的关系曲线。数值仿真与实验结果吻合较好,表明该损伤模型方法的可行性。复合材料层合板加筋后拐点处的凹坑深度明显加大,达到0.84mm。通过对加筋板的刚度和强度失效规律的分析,为进一步的复合材料格栅加筋结构(如飞机结构中复合材料后压力框)的性能分析提供参考。     

T700/LT-03A层合板在不同环境下的拉伸性能研究

在室温、低温和湿热三种环境下,对碳纤维层合板分别开展了静力和拉-拉疲劳试验。得到了T700/LT-03A层合板的拉伸性能和破坏机理。在抗拉强度和抗疲劳性能方面,室温环境优于其它两种环境。试验和模拟结果表明:T700/LT-03A层合板在三种环境下的应力结果较为接近;与室温环境下的结果相比,低温和湿热环境下层合板的应力分别减少了3.37%和4.3%,而湿热环境下层合板的应力增大了5.69%。环境对该层合板的疲劳性能影响较大。研究成果对碳纤维复合材料的工程应用提供一定的参考。     

针刺炭/炭复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤仿真

为分析针刺作用对炭/炭复合材料力学性能的影响,通过对针刺炭/炭复合材料层合板进行整体结构分析,建立相应的宏观有限元模型。针对炭布层和网胎层分别引入适当的损伤判据,通过有限元软件ABAQUS/Explicit实现了针刺炭/炭复合材料层合板的低速冲击过程的模拟。结果表明,炭布的损伤主要沿着纤维方向进行扩展,与实验研究结果较为吻合;层合板在多种动能冲击下没有发生分层,表明针刺作用增强了复合材料的层间性能。     

CFRP层合板力学性能影响因素研究

碳纤维增强复合材料是一种轻量化材料,在汽车工业具有广泛的应用前景。CFRP层合板作为碳纤维增强复合材料的一种常用形式,其力学性能与铺层设计息息相关。采用有限元仿真与物理实验相结合的方法,研究了碳纤维蒙皮与芯材对CFRP层合板力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,有限元仿真与三点弯曲实验结果吻合度较高;蒙皮对层合板性能的影响主要表现为:增加蒙皮厚度可减小层合板受载时的变形量,采用非对称铺层方式可提升层合板的承载能力;芯材对层合板性能的影响主要表现为,选用竖直方向上压缩强度高的铝蜂窝,并在一定范围内增加芯材厚度,可提高层合板的刚度。     

基于MSC软件对含损伤的复合材料性能评估与修补研究

基于MSC软件建立了完好、损伤以及修补三种类型复合材料层合板的有限元模型,预估三种类型层合板的强度,通过分析不同修补角度下层合板的强度值,得到较合理的修补角度参数。通过拉伸试验分别确定完好、损伤和修补的层合板试验件强度并与仿真分析结果比较。结果表明,数值模拟强度值与实验值吻合度较好,建立的仿真模型有效地预测了不同修补角度层合板的剩余强度。     

Numerical simulation study of ballistic performance of Al2O3/aramid-carbon hybrid FRP laminate composite structures subject to impact loading

Aramid-carbon hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) laminates have been widely used in the design of the ceramic/FRP laminate composite armor systems for their outstanding mechanical properties. In order to figure out the influence of the stacking sequence of the aramid-carbon hybrid FRP laminate on the ballistic performance of the ceramic/FRP laminate composite structures, a finite element model (FEM) which is used to simulate the condition of the 7.62 M61 AP against the Al₂O₃/aramid-carbon hybrid FRP laminate composite structure is carried out in ABAQUS/Explicit software, and the JH-2 constitutive model and 3D-Hashin failure criteria which is programmed by a user subroutine VUMAT are utilized to describe the mechanical behavior of Al₂O₃ and FRP laminate in this FEM. The accuracy of this FEM is checked by a verification FEM and the method of establishing this FEM is proved to be reasonable. The simulation results reveals that when the carbon fiber is stacked at the top of the aramid-carbon hybrid FRP laminate, the ballistic performance and the integrity of the geometry structure of the ceramic/FRP laminate composite structure is the best when the proportion of the carbon fiber in the hybrid FRP laminate is a constant, which provides an innovative way to enhance the ballistic performance of the ceramic/FRP laminate composite armor system.     

Mixed-mode failure of interfaces studied by the 2D linear elastic–brittle interface model: Macro- and micro-mechanical finite-element applications in composites

Macro-scale delamination and micro-scale fiber–matrix debonding events may notably affect the mechanical performance of fibrous composite elements. This article presents a two-dimensional finite-element (FE)-based formulation of interface of a small but finite thickness relying on the so-called linear elastic-brittle interface model (LEBIM) to be applied for simulation of an adhesive interface debonding and fiber–matrix decohesion failures. This modeling strategy is implemented in the commercial FE package ABAQUS by means of the user-defined subroutine UMAT. The practicability of the developed interface model is assessed through the comparison of the computational results with experimental data and with previous boundary element method (BEM) analyses using the LEBIM formulation. Specifically, LEBIM results for the interlaminar fracture toughness test showed an excellent agreement with experimental results (adhesive saw-tooth post-peak response was captured). Besides, studies of several micro-mechanical fiber–matrix configurations showed that fiber–matrix debonding events are the predominant failure mechanisms for moderate transverse loading values. The developed tool will certainly contribute to elucidate several open aspects regarding the interface crack behavior in fiber-reinforced composite materials.     

Simulation of Mixed-Mode I/II Fatigue Crack Propagation in Adhesive Joints with a Modified Cohesive Zone Model

A model to predict fatigue crack growth in bonded joints under mixed mode I/II conditions is developed in this work. The model is implemented in the finite element software ABAQUS using the related USDFLD subroutine. The present model is based on the cohesive zone (CZ) concept, where damage develops according to the value of the opening/sliding at the bondline under static loading, and according to a cyclic damage accumulation law under fatigue loading. The damage accumulation law is obtained by distributing the cyclic crack area increment over the process zone ahead of the crack tip, where the cyclic crack area increment is calculated according to a Paris-like law that relates the crack growth rate to the applied loading. In this way, the experimental crack growth rate is related directly to damage evolution in the cohesive zone, i.e., no additional parameters have to be tuned besides the quasi-static cohesive zone parameters.     

基于ABAQUS的耐火材料细观损伤本构模型的开发与实现

针对耐火材料复杂的非线性力学行为及其损伤机制,在细观力学基础上提出了基于界面相模型的耐火材料细观损伤力学模型,利用ABAQUS软件的二次开发平台,开发了该本构关系的子程序。利用该本构模型,对镁碳质耐火材料的受压试验进行了数值模拟。结果表明,运用该本构模型对耐火材料的非线性损伤力学行为进行模拟,与试验结果能够较好地吻合。     

T型复合材料长桁承载能力设计研究

应用商业有限元软件ABAQUS中的内聚单元,对复合材料T型长桁的缘条／蒙皮界面失效进行了分析,计算结果与试验数据吻合良好。基于有限元结果,提取了缘条／蒙皮界面内力,研究结构的失效机理。以缘条和蒙皮厚度为参数进行参数化建模,研究缘条／蒙皮刚度比对界面失效乃至承载能力的影响。最后对缘条／蒙皮刚度比提出了设计建议。     

Precision Glass Molding: Validation of an FE Model for Thermo-Mechanical Simulation

In precision glass molding process, the required accuracy for the final size and shape of the molded lenses as well as the complexity of this technology calls for a numerical simulation. The current paper addresses the development of an FE model for thermo-mechanical simulation of the precision glass molding process including heating, pressing, and cooling stages. Temperature-dependent viscoelastic and structural relaxation behavior of the glass material are implemented through a FORTRAN material subroutine (UMAT) into the commercial FEM program ABAQUS, and the FE model is validated with a sandwich seal test. Subsequently, precision molding of several glass rings is performed at three different pressing temperatures, and the experimental deformation of the glass rings at the end of the molding is compared with the predicted ones from FE simulation. Furthermore, the transient and residual stress distribution inside the glass rings are calculated by the developed FE model, and the effects of some important process parameters such as interface friction and mold temperature on the FE results are assessed. The developed FE model can be employed to predict the deformation behavior, final size/shape, and the residual stress state inside the glass lenses in a precision glass molding process.     

Multi-scale modelling of progressive damage and failure behaviour of 2D woven SiC/SiC composites

In this paper, a multi-scale modelling approach has been developed to predict the progressive damage and failure behaviour of 2D woven SiC/SiC composites. At the tow scale, non-linear tow properties have been determined by a micromechanics-based damage model, in which two scalar damage variables were introduced to characterize the fibre-dominated and matrix-dominated damage, respectively. Based on periodic boundary conditions, a meso-scale unit cell model has been established to simulate the macroscopic stress-strain responses and progressive damage processes of the composite under uniaxial tensile, compressive and in-plane shear loadings, respectively. In the numerical method, the non-linear properties of constituent materials have been implemented by the user defined subroutine, USDFLD of the finite element package, Abaqus. The numerical results and their comparisons with experimental stress-strain curves have been presented. The failure mechanisms of the composite under each loading have been also discussed. The high efficiency and prediction accuracy of the model make it possible to analyse large scale woven composites.     

基于非线性本构关系的有限元计算复合材料层合板的强度

复合材料的桥联模型本构理论考虑了基体材料的非线性特性.本文根据联模型理论编制出用户自定义材料库程序,与有限元软件ABAQUS实现接口,以方便地分析计算复合材料层合板结构的非线性响应与极限强度问题.在限元计算中荷载采用逐步加载的方式施加,最终得到复合材料层合板极限坏时的内力包罗图和应力应变曲线.有限元模拟的结果与桥联模型解析解结果吻合得很好,并且与实验结果相一致.     

三维角联锁机织复合材料低速冲击破坏的有限元计算

测试三维角联锁机织复合材料低速冲击性能,得到复合材料在低速冲击过程中的载荷－位移曲线等。结合采用冲击接触定律、单元失效准则和材料刚度退化技术,建立复合材料低速冲击的三维有限元单胞模型。运用商业有限元软件ABAQus／Explicit,联合用户子程序（VUMAT）计算复合材料低速冲击破坏过程。比较有限元计算结果和实验结果,发现二者在载荷一位移变化规律和复合材料破坏形态上较为吻合。