动荷载作用下含损伤复合材料层合板承载能力

研究了含分层损伤层合板的动力响应和承载能力。基于层合板的一阶剪切理论,采用分项等参插值方法推导了复合材料层合板刚度阵、质量阵列式,在瑞利阻尼的基础上构造了相应的阻尼阵列式;建立了用于含分层损伤复合材料层合板动力分析的分层模型和虚拟界面联接单元,以防止低阶模态中在分层处出现的上、下子板不合理的脱离和嵌入现象;同时又采用Tsai提出的0.44刚度退化准则和动力分析的Newmark法,对含分层损伤复合材料层合板结构进行了在动荷载作用下的破坏和承载能力分析;通过典型算例,分别讨论了外载频率,分层位置,以及刚度退化对含损伤复合材料动力响应特征和承载能力的影响。本文中提出的方法和得到的结论对复合材料工程设计具有参考价值。      

含分层损伤复合材料加筋层合板的动承载能力

采用有限元方法研究了含穿透分层损伤复合材料加筋层合板的动力响应和承载能力。根据复合材料层合板一阶剪切理论, 推导了复合材料层合板单元的刚度阵和质量阵列式;同时采用Adams 应变能法与Rayleigh阻尼模型相结合的方法, 构造了相应的阻尼阵列式;为了防止在低阶模态中分层处出现的上、下子板不合理的嵌入现象, 建立了含分层损伤复合材料加筋层合板动力分析中分层分析模型和虚拟界面联接模型。并采用Tsai提出的刚度退化准则和动力响应分析的精细积分法, 对在动荷载作用下含分层损伤复合材料加筋层合板结构进行了破坏和承载能力分析。通过典型算例分析, 分别讨论了外载频率、分层深度、筋的位置以及破坏过程中刚度退化对含损伤复合材料加筋层合板动力响应特征和承载能力的影响, 得到了一些具有理论和工程价值的结论。     

简谐激励下复合材料加筋板的基体微裂纹损伤演化

研究了在简谐激励作用下复合材料加筋板基体微裂纹损伤的演化行为及其对加筋板动力特性的影响。基于平均微裂纹密度和断裂力学方法, 建立了复合材料加筋板基体微裂纹演化的刚度退化准则。由于该准则考虑了载荷作用周期数的影响, 从而能够更合理地分析周期性动载荷作用下基体微裂纹损伤演化规律。采用Mindlin一阶剪切理论和复合材料模态阻尼模型, 建立了复合材料加筋板动力分析的有限元方法, 研究了在简谐激励作用下, 含分层损伤复合材料加筋板振动过程中诱发的基体微裂纹损伤的演化、 刚度退化, 频率折减和动力响应。      

基体损伤对分层复合材料加筋板动力特性的影响研究

基于Mindlin假定的复合材料层合板单元和层合梁单元,推导了复合材料加筋板的刚度阵和质量阵;采用Adams应变能法与Rayleigh阻尼模型相结合的方法,构造了相应的阻尼阵列式;建立了分层损伤特征的三板模型和表征基体微裂纹损伤的基体损伤模型;并推导了一种基于Hertz型非线性接触法则的虚拟联接单元模型,以避免在振动分析过程中在低阶模态中分层处出现的上、下子板间不合理的嵌入现象;在上述模型和理论基础上,采用精细积分法求解含损伤结构的动力响应。对典型数例进行参数讨论,表明在动载荷作用下,嵌入分层损伤以及在振动过程中诱发的基体微裂纹损伤的演化将明显地影响加筋层合板的动力特性。     

基于频率和阻尼分析的含分层损伤复合材料层合板的损伤诊断

提出了一种基于动力有限元分析和神经网络相结合的含分层损伤层合板的诊断方法。采用作者发展的含分层损伤层合板的动力有限元分析模型和方法,计算了具有不同分层长度损伤层合板的频率和模态阻尼值,以此建立样本库。应用反向传播BP神经网络训练和形成网络。典型含层间分层损伤层合板的仿真结果表明,采用对损伤变化较为灵敏的高阶模态阻尼作为网络的输入参数进行分层损伤诊断比常用的模态频率更为合理。本文中提出的是一种用于层合板的分层损伤诊断的有效和经济的方法。      

含分层损伤复合材料等三角形格栅加筋板的起裂和扩展过程研究

对在压缩载荷下先进复合材料等三角形格栅加筋板结构 (AGS) 后屈曲阶段的分层起裂和扩展过程进行了研究。基于一阶剪切变形理论和 Von2 Karman几何非线性关系 , 提出了 AGS结构后屈曲有限元分析模型 ;基于总能量释放率准则 , 并利用虚裂纹闭合法 (VCCT) 及自适应网格的生成和移动技术分析了分层损伤的扩展过程 , 在分析过程中考虑了分层前缘的接触效应。并通过典型算例 , 讨论了不同的初始分层尺寸、 肋骨刚度对等三角形格栅加筋板结构的分层起裂和扩展过程的影响 , 通过与具有相同几何尺度的正交格栅加筋板结构的比较 ,说明等三角形格栅加筋板结构具有较高的抗分层能力。本文方法和所得结论对 A GS结构的承载能力预测和设计将具有参考价值。      

Progressive failure analysis for advanced grid stiffened composite plates/shells

A progressive failure methodology is developed to simulate the initiation and propagation of multi-failure modes for advanced grid stiffened (AGS) composite plates/shells on the basis of a stiffened element model. Failures of both skin and ribs are taken into consideration, which are matrix cracking, fiber failure, fiber–matrix shear failure, delamination in skin and fiber failure in rib. All these failures are defined using a set of 2-D stress-based polynomial failure criteria wherein the transverse shear stresses at centroid of the stiffened element are calculated by employing an integrated approach of finite element and finite difference method. Corresponding material and stiffness degradation behavior is introduced after the initiation of individual failure mechanisms. The progressive failure behavior of a composite orthotropic-grid curved panel with a centrally located cutout under compressive load is evaluated using the method.     

Residual compressive strength of laminated plates with delamination

A study of residual compressive strength in delaminated laminates is presented. A methodology is proposed for simulating the whole compressive failure responses, such as initial buckling, postbuckling, contact of delamination front region, delamination propagation, fiber breakage, and matrix cracking etc. An finite element analysis (FEA) of the residual compressive strength is conducted on the basis of the Von Karman's nonlinearity assumption and the first-order shear deformation plate theory, combined with a stiffness degradation scheme. The numerical analysis models and methods are briefly introduced in this paper and some numerical examples are presented to illustrate it. From numerical results and discussion, it is clear that the compressive failure response involves complex multi-failure modes during compressive process. The method and numerical conclusions provide in this paper should of great value to engineers dealing with composite structures.     

Transient analysis and control of delaminated composite plates in hygrothermal environment using active fiber composite actuator

Abstract

In the present article, the transient analysis and control of delaminated composite plates under hazardous environmental conditions using active fiber composite (AFC) is discussed. Top and bottom layers of the laminated composite plate are embedded AFC layers. The present investigation utilizes AFC as an actuator and sensor. A finite element model for centrally located delamination is developed and coded in Matlab. The proportional controller is used to control the undesirable response in real time. The transient response of the smart delaminated plate is studied for different temperatures and moisture conditions. The feedback control of the dynamic response is performed with the help of velocity and displacement feedback gain to the AFC actuator. The key observations from the numerical studies are; the dynamic response and the frequency response of composite plate increase due to delamination and also with the increase of the temperature and moisture concentrations. The response reduces when the feedback control loop is activated. So, the overall performance of the delaminated plate structure in hygrothermal environment may be enhanced.     

含界面脱粘及表板基体开裂损伤的复合材料夹层板非线性稳定性的研究

本文作者基于"zig-zag"模型和Mindlin一阶剪切变形板理论,推导了复合材料夹层板屈曲分析的有限元列式,在该列式中考虑了面板的横向剪切变形和芯体的面内刚度对夹层板力学性能的影响。针对具有面板和芯体间界面脱粘和纤维增强树脂基体微裂纹损伤的夹层板损伤特征,分别提出了分层模型和多标量损伤模型,并推导了多标量形式的损伤本构关系。采用修正的 Newton-Raphson迭代格式求解含损复合材料夹层板的非线性稳定性性状。通过算例研究了脱粘面积、基体的损伤演化、表板的铺设方式及载荷形式对复合材料夹层板屈曲性态的影响。本文作者给出的有限元模型和结论,对复合材料夹层板结构设计的损伤容限的制定具有一定的参考价值。     

冲击后含损伤复合材料格栅加筋板的后屈曲

采用数值分析方法研究了冲击后含损伤的复合材料格栅加筋板的后屈曲特性。基于Mindlin 一阶剪切理论和Von Karman 大挠度理论, 建立了冲击后蒙皮内含分层损伤复合材料格栅加筋板后屈曲分析的有限元方法; 分析中同时考虑了蒙皮和肋骨中纤维断裂、基体开裂等损伤累积造成的刚度的退化和蒙皮分层子板间的闭合接触效应, 为含损伤复合材料格栅加筋板的后屈曲特性研究提供了一种有效的数值分析方法。分析结果表明, 蒙皮分层面积较大时, 格栅加筋板出现蒙皮分层上子板的局部屈曲后仍然具有较强的继续承载能力, 而在后屈曲分析中, 应考虑损伤累积对格栅加筋结构承载能力的影响; 采用非线性虚拟界面元可成功处理分层子板间的闭合接触效应。      

复合材料加筋板低速冲击损伤的数值模拟

建立了复合材料加筋板在横向低速冲击载荷作用下的渐进损伤有限元模型。该模型考虑了复合材料加筋板受低速冲击时的纤维断裂、基体开裂及分层脱粘等五种典型的损伤形式, 在层内采用应变描述的失效判据, 结合相应的材料性能退化方案, 通过编写VUMAT用户自定义子程序以实现相应损伤类型的判断和演化。在层间以及筋条与层板间加入界面元, 模拟层间区域的情况, 结合传统的应力失效判据和断裂力学中的能量释放率准则来判断分层损伤的起始和演化规律。通过对数值模拟结果与实验数据的比较, 验证了模型的合理性和有效性。同时探讨了不同位置、不同冲击能量以及含初始损伤(脱粘)等因素对复合材料加筋板低速冲击性能的影响。     

Delamination identification and response prediction in composites using bivariate Gamma function-based microgenetic algorithms

This study deals with an identification of stiffness reduction and response predictions occurred by the delamination damage in laminated composite plates under impact loads. Combined bivariate Gamma function and microgenetic algorithms are developed to determine the crack region due to the delamination and predict future responses. The validity of the proposed method was verified using impact-induced data obtained from a two-dimensional delamination finite element model. Examples indicated that the proposed approach is a feasible and advantageous method through which future dynamic responses can be predicted and the distribution of the degraded stiffness of laminated composite structures can be inspected for different measuring locations and fibre angles.     

准静态压痕力作用下复合材料层压板的损伤阻抗分析

建立了一种复合材料层压板在准静态压痕力作用下的损伤阻抗的预测方法。首先分别针对基体破坏、分层、 纤维断裂等失效模式引入相应的失效变量 , 并建立不同失效模式下的刚度折减方法 , 然后采用基于应变描述的 Hashin和 Yeh失效准则并结合有限元方法 , 对复合材料层压板在准静态压痕力作用下的破坏过程进行渐进损伤分析 , 在此基础上进一步预测了层压板的损伤阻抗。采用商用有限元软件 ABAQUS/ Standard 的 UMAT用户子程序实现数值模拟。计算结果表明 , 分层起始与扩展是导致载荷2位移曲线发生第 1 次卸载的主要原因 , 当接触力达到其最大值时出现较明显的纤维断裂。分层起始载荷和最大接触力的预测结果与实验数据吻合良好。     

Formulation of reference surface element and its applications in dynamic analysis of delaminated composite beams

This paper presents a new finite element formulation, referred to as reference surface element (RSE) model, for numerical prediction of dynamic behaviour of delaminated composite beams and plates using the finite element method. The RSE formulation can be readily incorporated into all elements based on the Timoshenko beam theory and the Reissner–Mindlin plate theory taking into account the transverse shear deformations. The ‘free model' and ‘constrained model' for dynamic analysis of delaminated composite beams and/or plates have been unified in this RSE formulation. The RSE formulation has been applied to an existing 2-node Timoshenko beam element taking into account the transverse shear deformations and the bending–extension coupling. Frequencies and vibration mode shapes are determined through solving an eigenvalue problem. Numerical results show that the present RSE model is reliable and practical when used to predict frequencies and mode shapes of delaminated composite beams. The RSE formulation has also been used to investigate the effects of the number, size and interfacial loci of delaminations on frequencies and mode shapes of composite beams.     

Clapping in delaminated sandwich-beams due to forced oscillations

Forced oscillations of delaminated composite laminates lead to non-smooth dynamic systems due to continuously developing impact-like contacts along the delamination. The primary aim of this study is to investigate a realistic model situation for delamination problems based on experiments and numerical simulation. First, the properties of lateral impacts on beam-type structures are studied, in particular in regard to the amount of energy dissipation during contact. Taking these results into account the finite element method based on beam elements is employed to simulate the stationary state of typical oscillations observed on the delaminated structure paying special attention to the dynamically developing and strongly dissipative contact. To deal with that kind of contact arising between delaminated layers, an effective technique combining a law of impact with the classical penalty method is presented. Confronting numerical results with the experimental reference provides an insight into the accuracy and robustness of the simulation technique     

带脱层复合材料层板的低速冲击响应

研究了含脱层损伤的复合材料层板在低速冲击下的瞬态响应问题。首先,用基于Mindlin板理论的有限元法来描述层板的运动和变形,并同时考虑了层板大变形的影响。另外,用一种修正的Hertzian压痕法则来计算层板和刚球间的冲击力。同时为了有效地处理脱层间的动态接触问题,采用了由笔者以前提出的一种修正的Lagrange multiplier乘子法来提高计算精度和效率;为了研究脱层的扩展机理,提出了一种基于Mindlin板模型的应变能释放率的计算方法,用于计算脱层前沿的应变能释放率的分布。最后,算例研究了刚球的初始冲击速度、脱层面积和脱层位置对计算结果的影响,算例中提供的信息为人们更好地理解脱层损伤的扩展机理和它对复合材料层板的低速冲击响应的影响提供了依据。     

Strength reduction and delamination growth in thin and thick composite plates under compressive loading

In this paper, the coupled local-global buckling behavior in laminated composite plates with elliptic delaminations and the associated mechanisms of delamination growth under compressive loads are critically examined. The J-integral technique is used for delamination growth prediction in terms of pointwise energy release rate distribution along the delamination edge. A Multi-plate model, in conjunction with a 3-noded quasi-conforming shell element, is used to model the delaminated plates. The incremental equilibrium equations are set up based on total Lagrangian formulation. The solution strategy incorporates Gauss elimination in a cycle of Newton-Raphson iterations and is augmented with automated arc-length controled load incrementation and equilibrium iterations; and with automated post-buckling path tracing based on a linearised asymptotic solution. The effects of structural parameters such as delamination thickness, size and shape, on the post-buckling behavior and on the delamination growth are critically examined.This work was supported by the FAA to the Center of Excellence for Computational Modeling of Aircraft Structures at Georgia Institute of Technology, and in part by a grant from ONR.     

低速冲击作用下碳纤维复合材料铺层板的损伤分析

建立了一个有效计算模型, 以分析碳纤维复合材料层合板在低速冲击作用下的层内和层间失效行为。针对铺层板的层内损伤, 在基于应变描述的Hashin 失效准则的基础上, 建立了单层板的逐渐累积损伤分析模型;针对铺层板的脱层损伤, 建立了各向同性脱层损伤模型, 通过结合传统的应力失效准则和断裂力学中的能量释放率准则定义了界面损伤演化规律, 并在潜在产生脱层的区域模拟为粘结接触, 并将脱层损伤模型作为界面的接触行为。该计算模型通过商用有限元软件ABAQUS/ Explicit 的用户子程序实现。使用该计算模型对碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料层合板在横向低速冲击作用下的损伤和变形行为进行预测分析。数值仿真的结果与试验结果进行了比较, 取得了满意的结果, 验证了该模型的正确性。      

A higher order plate theory for dynamic stability analysis of delaminated composite plates

A higher order shear deformation theory is used to investigate the instability associated with delaminated composite plates subject to dynamic loads. Both transverse shear and rotary inertia effects are taken into account. The procedure is implemented using the finite element method. Delamination is modeled using the penalty parameter approach. The natural frequencies are computed and compared with NASTRAN 3D results and available experimental data. The effect of delamination on the critical buckling load and the first two instability regions is investigated for various loading conditions, plate thickness and boundary conditions. As expected the natural frequencies and the critical buckling load of the delaminated plate are lower than those of the nondelaminated plate. They decrease with increase in delamination length. Increase in delamination length causes instability regions to be shifted to lower parametric resonance frequencies and the normalized width of the instability regions to increase.