采用高效液相色谱串联质谱法分析黑粒小麦麸皮中的花色苷组成

以黒粒小麦麸皮为原料,应用高效液相色谱配以串联质谱和二极管阵列检测技术对黒粒小麦中麸皮中的花色苷的组成进行了分析。结果显示:从黒粒小麦麸皮中分离鉴定出9种不同的花色苷类化合物———矢车菊素-己糖苷、矢车菊素-芦丁苷、芍药素-己糖苷、矢车菊素-丙二酰葡萄糖苷、飞燕草素-己糖苷、飞燕草色素-芦丁苷、锦葵色素-芦丁苷、芍药素-芦丁苷及牵牛花素-芦丁苷,其中飞燕草类花色苷和矢车菊素类花色苷是主要花色苷,分别占全部花色苷含量的50.27%和30.04%。     

高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法同时测定烟叶中10种多酚类化合物

为研究烟叶中的植物多酚类化合物,利用高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(HPLC-TQMS)技术,建立了同时分析烟叶中山奈酚(Kaempferol)、花青素(Cyanidin)、氯化飞燕草色素(Delphinidin chloride)、鼠李金(Rhamnazin)、绿原酸(Chlorogenic acid)、氯化飞燕草素3-O-β-吡喃葡糖苷(Delphinidin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside chloride)、原花青素B2(Procyanidine B2)、氯化花青素鼠李葡糖苷(Keracyanin chloride)、芸香苷(Rutin)和莨菪亭(Scopoletin)等10种植物多酚类化合物质量分数的方法。采用实时离子多反应检测模式,获得10种植物多酚类化合物的特征碎片离子峰,并对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)感染的烟叶样品进行了测定。结果表明:①10种植物多酚类化合物在线性范围内的相关系数(r)为0.999 0～0.999 6,方法的检出限为1～200μg/L,日内精密度(RSD)为0.64%～8.72%,日间精密度(RSD)为1.05%～7.93%;回收率为79.66%～112.74%;②TMV感染极显著(p0.01)增加了烟叶中山奈酚、花青素、氯化飞燕草色素、氯化飞燕草素3-O-β-吡喃葡糖苷和芸香苷的质量分数,显著(p0.05)降低了烟叶中鼠李金的质量分数,增加了绿原酸的质量分数;③TMV病毒感染对原花青素B2、氯化花青素鼠李葡糖苷和莨菪亭的影响不大,差异不显著。该方法具有良好的灵敏度、精密度和回收率,可用于同时分析植物多酚类化合物。     

紫皮豇豆(Vigna unguiculata L.)花色苷的研究

首次应用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器-质谱联用技术(HPLC-DAD-MS)鉴定出紫皮豇豆主要含有三种花色苷,分别为飞燕草色素、矢车菊色素、天竺葵色素的葡萄糖苷,其中矢车菊葡萄糖苷相对百分含量达到93.4%;应用pH示差法测定出其单体花色苷的含量为57.15mg/100g鲜重;应用DPPH法测定结果显示,花色苷粗提液有较强的抗氧化能力。     

黑加仑花色苷抗禽白血病A亚群病毒作用

研究了黑加仑花色苷(Anthocyanin from Blackcurrant,ACB)对禽白血病A亚群病毒(Avian leukosis virus subgroup A,ALV-A)的抑制作用。作者以ACB粉为原料,采用高效液相色谱仪与质谱仪联机(HPLC-MS)的方法鉴定了其主要活性成分,随后采用体外实验,应用MTT法和观察细胞形态法检测了ACB对鸡成纤维细胞系(DF1)的细胞毒性的影响,建立细胞模型,研究加入ACB后对ALV-A的预防和治疗作用。结果表明:ACB主要含飞燕草色素-3-鼠李糖苷-5-葡萄糖苷和矢车菊色素-3-鼠李糖苷-5-葡萄糖苷两种组分;ACB对DF1无细胞毒性的质量浓度为10μg/mL;基于ACB的预防和治疗实验,ACB可明显抑制ALV-A的增殖,具有良好的剂量-效应关系,因此ACB具有一定的体外抗ALV-A作用。     

云南丽江和吉林靖宇11种越橘果实花色苷组分的分析

采用高效液相色谱法对云南丽江、吉林靖宇11种越橘果实花色苷组分进行测定。通过标准品的分析,建立了飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷、飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-3-半乳糖苷、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷、锦葵色素-3-半乳糖苷、锦葵色素-3-葡萄糖苷的回归方程,相关系数为0.9939~0.9968,精密度RSD为2.00%~3.73%,回收率在98.90%~100.99%,方法准确可行。通过6种标准品的对比,供试的15个样品中,所有越橘品种均有飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷、矢车菊素-3-半乳糖苷、锦葵色素-3-半乳糖苷3种花色苷,飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷平均含量为223.99 μg/g、锦葵色素-3-半乳糖苷平均含量为153.34 μg/g,二者占总花色苷的65%。采用欧氏距离聚类分析表明,集群1为飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷含量较高的三种越橘,代表品种为丽江雷戈西、丽江奥尼尔、靖宇杜克;集群2为6种花色苷总含量较高的越橘品种,代表品种为丽江北陆与靖宇早蓝,说明飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷含量与花色苷总含量是评价越橘花色苷特点的重要因子。     

西伯利亚白刺果实花色苷的初步鉴定

以西伯利亚白刺果实为材料,利用光谱方法和色谱方法对其花色苷进行了初步鉴定。结果表明：西伯利亚白刺果实花色苷中1号色素为天竺葵色素-3-葡萄糖鼠李糖苷,3号色素为矢车菊色素-3-葡萄糖鼠李糖苷,4号色素为飞燕草色素-3-半乳糖苷。     

笃斯越桔和欧洲越桔抗氧化活性及花色苷组成比较研究

为探讨北半球高纬度地区2种野生蓝莓,即笃斯越桔和欧洲越桔的体外抗氧化活性及花色苷组成,以中、欧两地收集的野生浆果果实为原料进行提取、纯化,得到提取物冻干粉,分别测定了其花色苷含量、多酚类物质含量、清除DPPH自由基能力及总还原能力,并对其主要活性成分花色苷的组成进行了UPLC-MS分析及含量比较。结果表明:花色苷为笃斯越桔和欧洲越桔提取物中多酚类物质的主要成分,2种提取物30%乙醇洗脱物均有较好的还原能力,可有效清除DPPH自由基;共鉴定出花色苷16种,其中欧洲越桔含有15种,笃斯越桔含有14种,欧洲越桔提取物以矢车菊素类花色苷占比较大,含量最多的为矢车菊素-3-半乳糖苷,其次为矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷,而笃斯越桔提取物以飞燕草素类花色苷占比较大,含量最多的为飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷。     

天然黑豆红色素的研究进展

天然食品色素是最近20多年来受到广泛关注的一类食品添加剂.黑豆红色素是从黑色大豆种皮中提取的花色苷类色素,是一种安全、无毒的天然食用色素,具有抗氧化作用、延缓衰老作用、保肝作用、抗肥胖、降血脂等重要的生物活性.目前,黑豆红色素的提取方法主要有:盐酸-乙醇提取法、微波辅助法、超声辅助法等,应用大孔吸附树脂纯化工艺进行精制.黑豆红色素包括矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷、飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷和矢车菊素-3-半乳糖苷三种花色苷,主要着色成分为矢车菊素-3-半乳糖苷.黑豆红色素已经列入我国食品添加剂(GB2760-1996).文章参考国内、外最近5年来的最新研究成果,综述了黑豆红色素提取方法、纯化工艺、化学结构、理化性质和生物活性,对黑豆红色素的综合开发具有一定的参考价值.     

HPLC测定黑果枸杞中花青素的成分及含量

建立黑果枸杞中花青素的高效液相色谱检测方法。采用酸化乙醇溶液超声提取黑果枸杞中的花青素,置于沸水浴中将花青素水解为常见的花色素。选用高效液相色谱-紫外检测器、Agilent-ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱,以乙腈/0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在525 nm波长处对6种常见花色素(矢车菊色素、天竺葵色素、飞燕草色素、芍药色素、牵牛花色素和锦葵色素)进行定量检测。结果表明,6种花色素在浓度为0.2 mg/L~100 mg/L范围内,与响应值呈线性关系,分别获得标准曲线方程及相关系数,r0.999;矢车菊色素、天竺葵色素、飞燕草色素、芍药色素、锦葵色素的仪器检出限均为0.02 mg/L,牵牛花色素的仪器检出限为0.05 mg/L;6种花色素的平均回收率在84%~106%,RSD值在0.5%~7.9%。     

杨梅中主要花色苷的组成与结构

采用V(甲醇)∶V(甲酸)=19∶1溶液提取杨梅中的花色苷,并用阳离子交换树脂初步纯化得到杨梅花色苷提取物,然后以水-正丁醇-甲基叔丁基醚(TBME)-乙腈-三氟乙酸(TFA)(体积比5∶2∶1.5∶1∶0.001)为溶剂系统,用高速逆流色谱对杨梅花色苷进行分离。再由C18柱色谱纯化后,得到2种主要的花色苷单体Ⅰ和Ⅱ。经ESI-MS和NMR鉴定为矢车菊色素-3-β-吡喃型葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)和飞燕草色素-3-葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ)。另外,文中对3个杨梅品种的花色苷组成进行了分析,结果表明,矢车菊色素-3-β-吡喃型葡萄糖苷是杨梅花色苷的主要组成成分,占花色苷总量的90%以上。     

Polyphenols in red pepper [<Emphasis Type="Italic">Capsicum annuum var. aviculare</Emphasis> (Tepin)] and their protective effect on some pro-oxidants induced lipid peroxidation in brain and liver

Polyphenols exhibit a wide range of biological effects because of their antioxidant properties. The study sought to carry out a comparative studies on the protective ability of free and bound polyphenol extracts of red Capsicum annuum var. aviculare (Tepin) on brain and liver – in vitro. Free polyphenols of red Capsicum annuum var. aviculare (Tepin) were extracted with 80% acetone, while the bound polyphenols were extracted with ethyl acetate from acid and alkaline hydrolysed residue from free polyphenols extract. The phenol content, Fe(II) chelating ability, OH radical scavenging ability and protective ability of the extract against some pro-oxidant (25 μM Fe(II), 7 μM sodium nitroprusside and 1 mM quinolinic acid)-induced lipid peroxidation in brain and liver was subsequently determined. The results of the study revealed that the free polyphenols (218.2 mg/100 g) content of the pepper were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the bound polyphenols (42.5 mg/100 g). Furthermore, the free polyphenol extract had a significantly higher (<0.05) Fe(II) chelating ability, OH radical scavenging ability than the bound polyphenols. In addition, both extracts significantly inhibited (P<0.05) basal and the various pro-oxidant (25 μM Fe(II), 7 μM sodium nitroprusside and 1 mM quinolinic acid)-induced lipid peroxidation in rat's brain and liver in a dose-dependent manner. However, the free polyphenols caused a significantly higher inhibition in the MDA (malondialdehyde) production in the brain and liver homogenates than the bound phenols. In conclusion, Capsicum annuum var. aviculare (Tepin) contains 83.7% free soluble polyphenol and 16.3% bound polyphenols. In addition, both polyphenolic extracts inhibit the various pro-oxidant agents (Fe²⁺, sodium nitroprusside and quinolinic acid) induced lipid peroxidation in brain and liver tissues in a doe-dependent manner. However, the free polyphenols had higher protective ability than the bound polyphenols. The main mechanism through which they are carry out their protective effect against lipid peroxidation in the brain and the liver is by Fe(II) chelating ability, OH and NO radicals scavenging ability and inhibition of over-stimulation of NMDA receptor.     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of propolis from several regions of Korea

Biological activities of different propolis extracts in Korea were examined for the evaluation of quality comparison with that from Brazil (BZ). Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of propolis extracts from Yeosu (YS) and Cheorwon (CW), whose values were higher than BZ, were also shown to be more aboudant. The extracts of YS and CW also showed strong antioxidant activities, using the linoleic acid peroxidation and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging activity. However, the extract from BZ had less active antioxidant activity on linoleic acid peroxidation and DPPH free radical-scavenging activity of less than 70% than other extracts. The DPPH free radical-scavenging activity seems to relate with the antioxidant activity of linoleic acid peroxidation. The propolis with antioxidant activity also had DPPH free radical-scavenging activity. The extracts of YS and CW had effective antimicrobial activities on Staphilococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium and Candida albicans. Strong antioxidant, radical-scavenging and antimicrobial activities of YS and CW seemed to relate with high values, total polyphenol, and flavonoid contents.     

冲泡型灵芝白茶的制备及其茶汤的抗氧化活性

以白茶、白芝、云芝和黑芝为原料制备冲泡型灵芝白茶,并以茶多酚作为阳性对照,以·OH、DPPH自由基、·O₂^-的清除率以及Fe²⁺诱导卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化的抑制率为指标,探究不同冲泡次数和冲泡时间对灵芝白茶茶汤抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,以白茶2.5 g、白芝0.4 g、云芝0.55 g、黑芝0.3 g混合制备成3.75g/袋的灵芝白茶感官品质最佳;冲泡次数、冲泡时间及二者交互作用对灵芝白茶茶汤抗氧化活性均具有极显著影响(P <0.01),且灵芝白茶3.75 g经200 mL开水(> 95℃)冲泡3 min后除渣所得茶汤的抗氧化活性最高(P <0.05),其对·OH的清除率为(74.05±0.82)%,与0.45 mg/mL茶多酚相当(P> 0.05);对·O₂^-的清除率达到(55.86±2.23)%,与0.40 mg/mL茶多酚相当(P> 0.05);对DPPH自由基清除率为(63.07±2.37)%,高于0.45 mg/mL茶多酚(P <0...     

红薯茎叶提取物抗氧化性的研究

本文主要研究红薯茎叶提取物的抗氧化活性。选取二苯代苦味酰自由基（DPPH）体系、还原体系、Feton体系和亚油酸过氧化体系，对采用系统溶剂法获得的红薯茎叶提取物进行抗氧化活性实验。结果表明，红薯茎叶具有良好的清除自由基的能力，但抗脂质过氧化能力较弱，其还原能力与清除自由基的能力关系密切。     

Antioxidant properties of hard winter wheat extracts

Extracts from three winter wheat varieties (‘Trego’, ‘Akron’ and ‘Platte’) were evaluated and compared to α-tocopherol for their inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation in fish oils by measuring the oil stability index (OSI). Free radical scavenging capacities and chelating potencies were also measured to better understand the potential mechanism(s) of their effects on lipid peroxidation. Trego extracts showed the greatest capacity to suppress lipid peroxidation in fish oils. The OSI time of the oil sample containing 600 ppm Trego extract was 2.85 h beyond the control sample containing no antioxidant, which is 3.1 times longer than the OSI time of oil containing 300 ppm tocopherol. Dose effects were observed for Trego extract, but not for Akron or Platte extracts. Furthermore, the higher level of Platte extract corresponded to a shorter OSI time. All three wheat extracts directly reacted with and quenched DPPH radicals and showed chelating activity. Akron extract had the greatest radical scavenging and chelating activities. Neither radical scavenging nor chelating activities of the wheat extracts can explain the relative activities of these extracts on lipid peroxidation in fish oils under the experimental conditions. The results of this study indicate possibility of to developing natural food antioxidants from selected wheat varieties, including Trego hard white winter wheat.     

In vitro antioxidant activity of different cultivars of banana flower (Musa paradicicus L.) extracts available in India

Abstract: Six different cultivars of banana flowers (Musa paradicicus) (Kathali, Bichi, Shingapuri, Kacha, Champa, and Kalabou) were analyzed for the content of polyphenol expressed as gallic acid equivalent and flavonoid expressed as quercetein equivalent, and the in vitro total antioxidative activities of the flower extracts were compared with standard and expressed as trolox equivalent. The reducing power, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS?⁺) scavenging activities, inhibition of lipid peroxidation in a linoleic acid emulsion system, and liposome peroxidation system were measured and compared with respective standard antioxidants. Iron‐mediated Fenton reaction was carried out to evaluate the protective effect of the extract of banana flower (Kacha cultivar) against H₂O₂‐induced DNA damage. The Kacha variety contains the maximum amount of polyphenol (11.94 ± 0.03 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g of dry weight) and flavonoid (0.174 ± 0.001 g of quercetin equivalent/g of polyphenol). It also has the highest total antioxidant capacity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and ABTS?⁺ radical scavenging activity with a least EC₅₀ value of 0.051 mg/mL. Hepatic cell damage in iron‐mediated Fenton reaction caused by free radicals is reduced by the banana flower extract. On the basis of the results obtained, the banana flowers are found to be a potential source of natural antioxidants. This is the first report on the antioxidant properties of the extracts from banana flowers. The study suggests that the flowers of M. paradicicus that are found in India and consumed as vegetable can provide valuable functional ingredients that help in the prevention of oxidative stress.     

Antioxidant activity of stem and root extracts of Rhubarb (Rheum ribes): An edible medicinal plant

The antioxidant activity of chloroform and methanol extract of roots and stems of Rhubarb (Rheum ribes L.), which are used for medicinal purposes and also its fresh stems and petioles are consumed as vegetable, was studied. The antioxidant potential of both extracts of roots and stems were evaluated using different antioxidant tests, namely total antioxidant (lipid peroxidation inhibition activity), DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and cupric reducing power (CUPRAC), and metal chelating activities. Total antioxidant activity was also measured according to the β-carotene bleaching method, and all four extracts exhibited stronger activity than known standards, namely butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and α-tocopherol. Particularly, higher activity was exhibited by roots with 93.1% and 84.1% inhibitions of chloroform and methanol extracts, while 82.2% and 82.0% inhibitions by stem extracts, respectively. However, both methanol extracts exhibited higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than the corresponding chloroform extracts, moreover, methanol extract of the stems showed better activity than BHT. In addition, both root extracts showed more potent superoxide anion radical scavenging activity than BHT, and comparable with well known radical scavenger l-ascorbic acid. Except chloroform extract of the roots, the other three extracts exhibited better metal chelating activity than quercetin. Also, total phenolic and flavonoid contents in both extracts of the roots and stems of R. ribes were determined as pyrocatechol and quercetin equivalents, respectively.     

葡萄籽原花青素的聚合度与抗氧化活性关系

采用亚油酸体系和脂质体体系研究葡萄籽原花青素不同聚合度组分的抗氧化活性。结果表明,葡萄籽原花青素具有很强的抗氧化能力,在亚油酸及脂质体体系中,原花青素的抗氧化活性高于VC和VE,并且随着浓度的增加其抗氧化能力与合成抗氧化剂BHT相近。聚合度对原花青素抗氧化作用的影响较大,单体对脂质体体系的抗氧化活性低于二聚体,对于聚合体而言,原花青素对亚油酸体系和脂质体体系的抗氧化作用均随着聚合度的升高而降低。     

Antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts from some grains consumed in Korea

The objectives of this study were to determine antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts from some grains and to investigate relationships between antioxidant activities and antioxidant contents in the extracts. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation scavenging activities, inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation, chelating activity and reducing power have been used to investigate the relative antioxidant activities of the extracts from grains. The concentrations of total polyphenolics and carotenoids in the extracts were measured by spectrophotometric methods and vitamin E analysis was carried out by HPLC. The methanolic extracts prepared from red sorghum and black rice showed significantly higher antioxidant activities and contained higher polyphenolic contents than other grains such as white rice, brown rice, mungbean, foxtail millet, prosomillet, barley, and adlay. Polyphenolic compounds were the major naturally occurring antioxidants in grains. The correlation coefficient between total polyphenolic content and ABTS radical cation scavenging activity in the extracts was >0.99. However, no relationship was found between antioxidant activities and carotenoids and vitamin E derivatives.     

云南产6种野生食用牛肝菌的营养成分及抗氧化特性研究

本文研究了云南产6种野生食用牛肝菌的氨基酸组成及氨基酸评分、多酚提取物及其抗氧化活性、多糖制取物及其抗氧化活性。结果表明,6种牛肝菌中17种氨基酸种类齐全,含量丰富,氨基酸总量为23.13% DW（B. bicolor）~30.69%DW（B. speciosus）,品种间差异显著（p<0.05）;疏水性氨基酸所占比例较高;天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸和半胱氨酸是含量最高的氨基酸种类;以总氨基酸为基础,6种牛肝菌氨基酸评分较高,为0.59（B. speciosus）~0.94（B. bicolor）。6种牛肝菌中多酚含量丰富,为1.20 mg GAE/g DW（B. Sinicus）~10.32 mg GAE/g DW（B. speciosus）;多酚提取物的抗氧化活性显著,特别是B. bicolor和B. craspedius表现出显著高于BHT的抑制脂质体过氧化的能力（p<0.05）。6种牛肝菌水溶性粗多糖得率较高,为11.67% DW（B. craspedius）~20.00% DW（B. speciosus）;粗多糖中的60%醇溶组分和40%醇溶组分在不同抗氧化体系中均表现出较好的抗氧化活性。表明6种野生食用牛肝菌的营养价值高,多酚及多糖等功能性成分含量高、抗氧化活性强,是潜在的抗氧化物资源。