衣康酸二正辛酯的合成与表征

采用衣康酸和正辛醇为原料,以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂合成了衣康酸二正辛酯。研究了反应温度、反应时间、醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量等因素对酯化反应的影响,确定了最佳的酯化反应条件:反应温度为140℃,反应时间为3.0 h,醇酸摩尔比为2.20∶1,对甲苯磺酸用量为衣康酸质量的2.0%。最后对产物进行了红外光谱和气相色谱分析,通过谱图分析符合衣康酸二正辛酯的结构特征,且纯度为99.7%。     

生物基弹性体中间体衣康酸二异戊酯的合成研究

以衣康酸和异戊醇为原料,浓硫酸为催化剂,环己烷为带水剂,通过酯化反应合成了生物基弹性体中间体衣康酸二异戊酯。通过酯化率测定研究了醇、酸物质的量比,催化剂用量,反应温度及反应时间等对合成的影响。结果表明,最佳合成反应条件为:n(衣康酸)∶n(异戊醇)=1∶4,催化剂用量为衣康酸质量的1.54%,120℃下反应3 h后产物由红外光谱仪和核共振波谱仪分析证明生成了较纯净的衣康酸二异戊酯,产率在98%以上。     

杂多酸催化合成戊二酸二异辛酯的研究

以从二羧酸中分离出的戊二酸和异辛醇为原料，在钨磷杂多酸催化作用下酯化合成了戊二酸二异辛酯。考察了醇酸摩尔比，反应温度，反应时间，催化剂用量等因素对酯化反应的影响，确定了合成戊二酸二异辛酯的工艺条件，醇酸摩尔比２．５：１，反应温度１４０℃、反应时间２ｈ、催化剂用量为体系总质量的０．２％，在此条件下，酯化率可达９８％以上。     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成苯甲酸甲酯的研究

以对甲苯磺酸催化苯甲酸和甲醇合成苯甲酸甲酯。结果表明,对甲苯磺酸对酯化反应具有较高的催化活性。考查了醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间对酯化反应的影响。当苯甲酸与甲醇的摩尔比为1∶5,对甲苯磺酸用量为5g,于回流温度反应4h,酯产率可达90.6%。     

对甲苯磺酸铜催化合成乙酸辛酯

以对甲苯磺酸铜为催化剂,不用溶剂,对乙酸与正辛醇之间的酯化反应进行了研究,考察了醇酸物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间对乙酸辛酯收率的影响。结果表明,对甲苯磺酸铜有着良好的催化活性,在正辛醇用量0.1 mol,n(正辛醇)∶n(乙酸)=1∶2.5,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的0.75%,回流反应50 min条件下,乙酸辛酯收率可达88.5%,催化剂重复使用5次仍保持较高活性。     

N-甲基吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐催化合成己二酸二异辛酯

以新型离子液体N-甲基吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐([Hnmp]HSO4)为催化剂,己二酸和异辛醇为原料,环己烷为带水剂,对己二酸二异辛酯的酯化反应进行了研究,重点考察了醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、带水剂加入量、反应时间等因素对己二酸二异辛酯酯化率的影响。实验结果表明,N-甲基吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐对合成己二酸二异辛酯有着良好的催化活性,当己二酸用量为0.1mol时,醇酸摩尔比为2.6:1,催化剂用量为己二酸物质的量的1.2%,带水剂环己烷为10mL,回流温度下反应时间120min,在此条件下,反应的酯化率可达99%以上,且催化剂重复使用6次仍保持较高活性。     

油酸异辛酯的合成新方法

以甲基磺酸钙为催化剂催化异辛醇与油酸的酯化反应合成油酸异辛酯,考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、醇酸配比及反应时间对酯化反应的影响。当催化剂用量为0.5%(以总物质的质量计),反应温度120～130℃,当异辛醇与油酸的量比为1.3∶1,反应时间5h时,酯化率可达99.6%。     

新型聚羧酸系混凝土减水剂的研究（Ⅰ）——酯化大单体的制备与表征

通过衣康酸与聚乙二醇的酯化反应,制备出了一种可用于合成聚羧酸系减水剂的大分子单体。用正交实验研究了反应条件对酯化反应的影响,确定了最佳的酯化反应条件为n衣康酸:n聚乙二醇-1000为1:1.1,催化剂用量为聚乙二醇-1000质量的4%,反应温度100 ℃,反应时间6 h,带水剂用量为聚乙二醇-1000质量的30%,阻聚剂用量为衣康酸质量的2%。在该条件下单酯化率可达到98.3%。并通过红外光谱、氢核磁共振谱对大分子单体进行了表征,结果表明得到了衣康酸聚乙二醇酯大单体。     

癸二酸二正己酯的催化合成

以癸二酸和正己醇为原料、SO42-/ZrO2为催化剂、甲苯为带水剂合成了癸二酸二正己酯。考察了醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、带水剂用量对癸二酸酯化率的影响。确定了最佳工艺条件:醇酸摩尔比为2.9,催化剂用量为4.8%,反应温度为195℃,反应时间为1.5h,带水剂用量为75%。在最佳工艺条件下,癸二酸的酯化率可达98%以上。     

环氧化环己烷邻二甲酸二辛酯的合成工艺研究

运用条件试验法,以四氢苯酐和辛醇为原料,对甲苯磺酸为催化剂经过酯化合成四氢邻苯二甲酸二辛酯,酯化反应结束后直接加甲酸、EDTA、对甲苯磺酸、双氧水等进行环氧化反应得到环氧化环己烷邻二甲酸二辛酯。本研究以对甲苯磺酸作催化剂,分别对催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度、原料配比等反应影响因素进行分析研究,并进行工艺优化,产品收率达99%以上。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。