AB5型固态金属储氢系统吸/放氢特性实验研究

为研究AB₅型固态金属储氢系统在不同温度和压力条件下的吸/放氢性能,搭建小型固态金属储氢罐实验平台,设计不同温度及压力条件下的吸/放氢循环实验,利用循环水浴系统构造换热环境对固态金属储氢罐进行循环换热,测试吸/放氢压力和温度等关键操作参数对AB₅型固态金属储氢系统吸/放氢性能的影响。结果表明：在达到相应吸氢反应平衡压力的条件下,较高的吸氢压力和温度对吸氢效率均具有促进作用,同时,较高的吸氢压力会加剧系统主要吸氢阶段的化合反应,伴有强烈的热交换行为,且维持不同放氢压力条件下的持续放氢需达到相应的放氢温度;同一压力条件下,较高的放氢温度可提高系统的放氢效率,使系统内部氢气压差达到相应放氢条件以维持系统持续稳定放氢的需求。上述结论可为AB₅型固态金属储氢系统的研究提供参考。     

液态喷射LPG发动机掺氢燃烧的研究

通过对LPG发动机技术与氢发动机及其双燃料发动机的研究现状的分析,结合LPG液态喷射实验特点,提出了液态喷射LPG发动机掺氢燃烧的构想。设计了液态喷射LPG发动机掺氢燃烧的燃料供应系统和控制系统,重点考察了该发动机掺氢燃烧时的性能及排放特点。     

光合细菌产氢研究进展与问题

化石能源的日益枯竭及其长期使用造成了严重的环境污染,寻找清洁的可再生能源成为当前亟待解决的世界性重大课题。光合细菌产氢以其较高的底物转化效率、较高的光能利用率以及能够灵活利用多种小分子有机酸等特点而成为大规模生物产氢的研究热点。文章从光合细菌产氢机理(主要针对光合单位、固氮酶和氢酶的联合产氢机理)、影响光合细菌产氢的各种物理因素和如何提高光合细菌的产氢量等方面,系统介绍了当前国内外光合细菌产氢的最新研究结果及进展,并对该领域研究存在的主要问题及发展趋势进行了简要评述。     

基于CFD研究SCR系统硫酸氢铵的产生

针对SCR系统建立κ-ε湍流计算模型,通过研究速度场、温度场及NH3浓度分布场得到硫酸氢铵的生成条件。结果表明喷氨系统后氨-烟气混合温度低于硫酸氢铵露点,是造成系统硫酸氢铵生成的原因。     

有机液体与储氢材料组成的浆液储氢体系的能量分析

对C6H6/C6H12-LaNi5/LaNi5H6-H2组成的浆液储氢体系的储、放氢过程进行了能量衡算,提出了两种车载氢源系统的概念设计:随车脱氢和随车加氢-脱氢系统。考察了两种车载氢源系统的脱氢转化率和系统运行过程中放出的废热利用率对整个车载氢源系统热效率的影响,并就两种车载浆液氢源系统与氢内燃机或燃料电池构成的氢能汽车动力系统的能效进行了评估。研究表明,无论是采用氢内燃机还是燃料电池作为氢能汽车的动力驱动方式,车载浆液氢源系统在能效上是经济、可行的。     

浙江湖州首台氢燃料电池测试车试制成功

近日,氢云链从湖州市吴兴区获悉,浙江湖州市首台氢燃料电池测试车在吴兴试制成功,预计今年上半年可投入运行,这标志着湖州市已基本建成氢燃料电池车产业链条。这台氢燃料电池测试车的氢燃料电池由浙江比洛德新能源有限公司研发,历时4年多,该公司拥有完全自主知识产权氢燃料电池系统,整车动力及供给系统已经由传统的发动机、燃油箱等变成了氢燃料电池氢堆、储氢罐等。     

考虑制氢效率特性的风氢系统容量优化

针对利用风电制氢导致电解槽间歇式运行的问题,提出了考虑制氢效率特性的风氢系统容量配置优化方法。首先研究了电解槽的制氢效率特性,评估电解槽的最优工作区间;在此基础上,采取电网辅助购电策略,维持电解槽的最优运行;考虑售电收益、售氢收益、投资运维成本和弃风成本,以风氢系统联合收益最大化为目标,计及风氢系统稳定运行约束和风电出力爬坡约束,合理地分配风电上网功率和制氢功率。文章联合风电外送输电工程进行了风氢系统容量配置优化,为风氢系统的容量优化提供新思路。     

新型生物制氢反应器的运行及产氢特性

以厌氧活性污泥为产氢菌种,糖蜜废水为底物,研究了新型外循环颗粒污泥膨胀床(ECGSB)生物制氢反应器的运行及产氢特性.结果表明,ECGSB反应器可在较高的容积负荷(VLR)下实现高效稳定的产氢,稳定运行时,反应器内可观察到自絮凝产氢颗粒污泥的形成,污泥平均浓度高达24.1gVSS/d,系统最大产氢能力为7.43m3/m3·d,发酵气中氢气体积含量为50%～56%.系统形成自絮凝产氢颗粒污泥是ECGSB反应器高效运行和产氢的关键,自絮凝产氢颗粒污泥既增加了活性产氢细菌的生物持有量,又提高了系统抗冲击负荷的能力.连续流运行各项参数表明,ECGSB反应器具有良好的运行稳定性和产氢优势;提出乙醇型发酵快速启动的调控对策,在发酵法生物制氢领域具有广泛的应用前景.     

车载供氢系统关键参数研究

本文针对燃料电池电动汽车车载供氢系统中的低压供氢系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法分析研究管道关键参数的关系，研究结果对燃料电池电动大巴车供氢管道的设计有指导作用，可以为制定加氢站和车载供氢系统相关标准提供参考。     

Review on key technologies and applications of hydrogen energy storage system

随着国内以风电,太阳能为主的可再生能源快速增长,可再生能源消纳能力不足和并网困难等问题愈发突出,大规模储能系统被证实是解决该问题的有效方法.本文回顾了现有成熟储能系统的不足与限制,分析氢储能的优势特点,构建了电能链和氢产业链融合的氢储能系统,为可再生能源的进一步发展提供良策.随后对氢储能系统三个环节(制氢,储运氢,氢发电)关键技术进行了梳理,对电解槽技术,燃料电池技术和储氢材料中的关键性能进行了比较和评估.在氢储能领域,部分发达国家已经初步形成了从基础研究,应用研究到示范演示的全方位格局,本文对德国和法国的重点示范工程进行了调研,为我国未来发展氢储能的提供参考.     

Techno-economic analysis of PSA separation for hydrogen/natural gas mixtures at hydrogen refuelling stations

Logistics of hydrogen is one of the bottlenecks of a hydrogen economy. In this study, a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system is proposed for the separation of hydrogen from natural gas, co-transported in the natural gas grid. The economic feasibility of hydrogen supplied by a PSA system at a refuelling station is assessed and compared with other alternatives. The adsorbent material is key to the design of a PSA system, which determines the operation performance and cost. It is concluded that a refuelling station with hydrogen supplied by a PSA system is economically feasible. The final hydrogen price including hydrogen supply, compression, storage, and dispensing is compared with two other hydrogen supply methods: on-site electrolysis and tube-trailer transported hydrogen. Currently, PSA supplied hydrogen is a more economical option. On-site electrolysis can become a more economical option in the future with improved cell efficiencies and reduced electricity prices. Tube-trailer transported hydrogen is highly influenced by the distance travelled. The findings of this study will help with more efficient distribution of hydrogen.     

Value analysis for commercialization of fermentative hydrogen production from biomass

In addition to producing hydrogen gas, biohydrogen production is also used to process wastewater. Therefore, this study specifically conducted value analyses of two different scenarios of fermentative hydrogen production from a biomass system: to increase the value of a wastewater treatment system and to specifically carry out hydrogen production. The analytical results showed that fermentative hydrogen production from a biomass system would increase the value of a wastewater treatment system and make its commercialization more feasible. In contrast, fermentative hydrogen production from a biomass system designed specifically for producing hydrogen gas would have a lower system value, which indicated that it is not yet ready for commercialization. The main obstacle to be overcome in promoting biohydrogen production technology and system application is the lack of sales channels for the system's products such as hydrogen gas and electricity. Thus, in order to realize its commercialization, this paper suggests that governments provide investment subsidies for the use of biohydrogen production technology and establish a buy-back tariff system for fuel cells.     

基于PEMWE的光伏氢能生产系统的性能分析

提出了利用光伏电能通过质子交换膜水电解池(PEMWE)电解水制氢气的光伏氢能生产系统,实现光伏电能的长期能源存储,其主要元件包括光伏组件、PEMWE、氢气罐和氢气压缩机等。建立了各元件数学模型和系统效率模型,使用MATLAB搭建了基于PEMWE的光伏氢能生产系统的仿真模型,并对其运行性能进行了分析。仿真结果表明,PEMWE可以在变功率模式下将光伏电能转换为氢能,系统效率达70%左右。     

Hydrogen supply chain architecture for bottom-up energy systems models. Part 1: Developing pathways

The integration of hydrogen energy systems in the overall energy system is an important and complex subject for hydrogen supply chain management. The efficiency of the integration depends on finding optimum pathways for hydrogen supply. Accordingly, energy systems modelling methods and tools have been implemented to obtain the best configuration of hydrogen processes for a defined system. The appropriate representation of hydrogen technologies becomes an important stage for energy system modelling activities. This study, split in consecutive parts, has been conducted to analyse how representative hydrogen supply pathways can be integrated in energy systems modelling. The current paper, the first part of a larger study, presents stylised pathways of hydrogen supply chain options, derived on the basis of a detailed literature review. It aims at establishing a reference hydrogen energy system architecture for energy modelling tools. The subsequent papers of the study will discuss the techno-economic assumptions of the hydrogen supply chain components for energy modelling purposes.     

燃料电池汽车氢能系统的环境、经济和能源评价

为了推动氢能系统评价工作的深入进行并为我国在近期发展燃料电池汽车氢能系统(包括燃料电池汽车及其氢源)提供有价值的参考，根据现有的生产、储存和输运氢的技术，设计了11种可行方案，运用生命周期评价方法对这些方案的环境性、经济性和能源利用情况进行了评价，得到了每种方案的分类环境效应指数、氢气总成本和总能量利用效率。结果表明，综合指标最优的燃料电池汽车氢能系统方案是：天然气集中制氢厂制氢，然后用汽车将装有氢气的高压钢瓶输运到加氢站，加注给以氢气为燃料的燃料电池汽车。     

太阳能—氢能系统的发展前景

对太阳能－氢能系统进行了评述。介绍了氢的特点、生产、贮存、输运及应用。对发展太阳能－氢能系统提出了几点建议。     

Coupled thermal simulation of hydrogen storage tank-Dewar flask system

The thermal effects during hydrogen charge and discharge processes are critical for improving hydrogen storage performance. The heat transfer of the hydrogen storage tank couples with its surrounding Dewar flask in thermal simulation. An additional model for studying the natural convection characteristics in the Dewar flask of the hydrogen storage system is developed and integrated into the system model. The Navier–Stokes equation is used to describe the air flow in the Dewar flask. The thermal dispersion is considered to describe the effective thermal conductivity of the storage tank. In the hydrogen storage tank-Dewar flask system, eight monitoring points in hydrogen storage tank and eight points in Dewar flask are selected to monitor temperature variations. The simulated pressures and temperatures in the hydrogen storage tank-Dewar flask system-agree well with experiments. The simulation results show that the model can well describe the natural convective heat transfer characteristics in the Dewar flask and the hydrogen storage behavior in the porous activated carbon tank, and further prove the feasibility and correctness of the coupled thermal simulation of hydrogen storage tank-Dewar flask system. The heat flow rates from the hydrogen tank and the Dewar flask is obtained by integrations along their boundaries to analyze the heat transfer coefficients. The coupled model is useful for optimizing empirical heat transfer coefficients of hydrogen storage tank.     

Research on the design of hydrogen supply system of 70 MPa hydrogen storage cylinder for vehicles

A hydrogen supply system of 70 MPa hydrogen storage cylinder on vehicles is designed, in which a compressor is proposed to use the new type of ion compressor. The system is simulated statically by Aspen Plus. Meanwhile, during the process of hydrogen charged from the third-stage high-pressure hydrogen storage tank to the hydrogen storage cylinder on vehicles, the dynamic variety of the third-stage high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is simulated dynamically by Aspen HYSYS Through the simulation, obtaining the results that there are difference between theoretical calculation and simulation for the volume of third-stage high-pressure hydrogen storage tank and the average volume flow of hydrogen in a third-stage high-pressure hydrogen storage tank varies with its pressure and volume. By comparing the results of Aspen Plus simulation and Aspen HYSYS simulation, there are some differences. The designed system can be applied to hydrogen stations and any operating conditions involving the supply hydrogen.     

Hydrogen energy,economy and storage: Review and recommendation

The hydrogen economy is a proposed system where hydrogen is produced and used extensively as the primary energy carrier. Successful development of hydrogen economy means innumerable advantages for the environment, energy security, economy, and final users. One major key to wholly develop hydrogen economy is safe, compact, light and cost-efficient hydrogen storage. The conventional gaseous state storage system as pressurized hydrogen gas and liquid state storage system pose safety and cost problems to onboard applications; therefore, they do not satisfy the future goals for a hydrogen economy. Fortunately, solid-state storage systems based on metal hydrides have demonstrated great potentials to store hydrogen in large quantities in a quite secure, compact, and repeatedly reversible manner and thus, becoming increasingly attractive option for hydrogen applications. However, techno-economic feasibility of hydrogen storage systems is yet to be realized as none of the current metal hydrides fulfill all the essential criteria for a practical hydrogen economy, mainly because of low hydrogen storage capacity, sluggish kinetics and unacceptable temperatures of hydrogen absorption/desorption. This article gives a brief review of hydrogen as an ideal sustainable energy carrier for the future economy, its storage as the stumbling block as well as the current position of solid-state hydrogen storage in metal hydrides and makes a recommendation based on the most promising novel discoveries made in the field in recent times which suggests a prospective breakthrough towards a hydrogen economy.     

Controlled hydrogen generation by reaction of aluminum/sodium hydroxide/sodium stannate solid mixture with water

Aluminum/water reaction system has gained considerable attention for potential hydrogen storage applications. In this paper, we report a new aluminum-based hydrogen generation system that is composed of aluminum/sodium hydroxide/sodium stannate solid mixture and water. This new system is characterized by the features as follows: the combined usage of sodium hydroxide and sodium stannate promoters, the use of solid fuel in a tablet form and the direct use of water as a reaction controlling agent. The factors that influence the hydrogen generation performance of the system were investigated. The optimized system exhibits a favorable combination of high hydrogen generation rate, high fuel conversion, rapid dynamic response, which makes it promising for portable hydrogen source applications.