臭氧+混凝沉淀处理微污染水试验研究

研究臭氧 混凝沉淀处理低温微污染水的净水效果.采用静态试验,改变臭氧投加量,接触氧化时间等参数,分别对比了CODMn、浊度和色度的去除效果.臭氧投加量为3 mg·L-1接触氧化时间为15 min时,沉淀后出水的高锰酸盐指数、浊度、色度比直接采用聚合氯化铝混凝的去除率分别提高了5.4%、20.3%和20.1%.对于低温微污染水源水,臭氧 混凝沉淀工艺能有效地去除有机物、浊度、色度,使处理后水质达到饮用水水质标准.     

O3-BAC工艺预臭氧投加量优化的中试研究

通过设计规模为5～15 m3.h-1的中试装置对O3-BAC工艺给水处理时预臭氧投加量进行了优化研究。结果表明,预臭氧投加量为0.5 mg.L-1时,沉淀池出水浊度为0.68 NTU,助凝效果最强,对比零投加量时,浊度去除绝对值为0.34 NTU;藻类灭活率为77.77%,细菌的灭菌率为84.1%,总大肠杆菌群的灭菌率为98.9%,灭藻灭菌综合效果最好。同时预臭氧对UV254、CODMn具有一定的去除效果,去除率随臭氧投加量增加而略有上升趋势。综合分析,针对Ⅱ～Ⅲ类水源,建议O3-BAC工艺给水处理预臭氧量最佳投加量为0.5 mg.L-1。     

臭氧氧化及活性炭吸附处理黄河水试验研究

以黄河水为研究对象,考察臭氧氧化降解和活性炭吸附去除水中有机污染物的效能.结果表明,在臭氧投加量为1～3 mg·L-1时,CODMn的去除率由8％升高到20％,之后其变化不明显;UV254的去除率由9％升高到30％,此时臭氧即可以将不饱和有机物大量去除.臭氧投加量为1～2 mg·L-1时,短时、大强度曝气,其出水CODMn和UV254的去除效果较好.高臭氧投加量时,增加曝气接触时间可以提高臭氧对有机物的去除率,出水效果较好.在活性炭投量为10 mg· L-1,pH为8.3,水温为45℃,臭氧投加量为3 mg·L-1时,活性炭对黄河水的吸附效果较理想.臭氧氧化对黄河水中TOC的去除效果低于CODMn和UV254的去除效果,当臭氧投加量为8 mg·L-1时,TOC去除率才为10％.但是臭氧投加量为5mg· L-1,BDOC提高了80％.因此臭氧氧化可以大幅度提高原水的可生物降解性,为后续生物处理提供有机营养物质条件.     

臭氧氧化与海藻酸钠混凝处理微污染水的研究

本文以厦门大学嘉庚学院中区外河流内微污染湖水为处理对象,通过多因素正交实验,研究O_3投加量、O_3氧化时间,海藻酸钠投加量和混凝时间组合工艺对微污染水水质处理效果的影响,以色度、浊度、CODMn和磷酸盐4项指标来判断3种工艺的处理效果。正交试验结果表明,当O_3投加量为0.5mg·L~(-1),O_3氧化时间为25min,海藻酸钠投加量为1.67mg·L~(-1),混凝时间为15min时,臭氧氧化-海藻酸钠混凝组合工艺对色度、浊度、CODMn和磷酸盐的去除率分别达到80.03%、77.32%、68.97%和77.34%。     

高锰酸钾、次氯酸钠复合预氧化与常规处理工艺联用处理微污染水源水的中试研究

采用高锰酸钾与次氯酸钠复合预氧化与常规处理工艺联用对白石水库微污染水源水进行了中试研究。试验结果表明,该处理工艺对CODMn、浊度、色度均有较好的去除效果,出水CODMn低于3．0mg／L,浊度低于1．0NTU,色度低于5度。预氧化剂高锰酸钾投加量在0．30mg／L、次氯酸钠投加量在5．0mg／L时,就具有明显的助凝效果,沉后水的CODMn去除率为25％,浊度去除率为80％,色度去除率为85％。     

臭氧预氧化工艺对原水处理效果的中试

以南方某水厂原水为对象,开展臭氧预氧化工艺中试研究。结果表明,臭氧预氧化能够明显降低常规工艺出水色度,对有机物的去除效果不明显,但能够协助提高混凝沉淀工艺对浊度、色度和CODMn等污染物的去除能力。从经济和净水效果角度综合而言,预臭氧化最佳投加量为0.5～1.0 mg/L。     

臭氧协同活性炭纤维与硫酸铝混凝处理微污染源水研究

以受污染的桂林两江四湖水为研究对象,通过静态试验确定其适宜的臭氧、活性炭纤维和硫酸铝的投加量.当预臭氧投加量为2～2.5 mg·L-1时,臭氧与水接触时间为10 min,ACF与A12(SO4)3联合投加于试验用水中,浊度、UV254、CODMn的去除效果均好于单独投加ACF.试验结果表明,投加的臭氧.ACF与A12(SO4)3之间很有可能发生了协同作用.从经济角度考虑,投加ACF量在40～50 mg·L-1之间较为合适.常规工艺去除微污染源水中有机污染物效果有限,因此臭氧顸氧化结合混凝工艺能够解决传统工艺不能解决的问题.该预处理工艺具有处理成本低、处理效果好等优点,它作为微污染源水预处理技术有其良好的应用前景.     

臭氧-生物活性炭深度处理亚热带地区原水中试试验

本研究针对南方亚热带地区常规给水处理工艺下的砂滤出水，应用臭氧一生物活性炭工艺进行深度处理中试试验，经过一个水文年（12个月）的运行，结果表明：在不同的后臭氧投加量（1．0～3．0mg／L）下，随着后臭氧投加量的增加，后臭氧接触塔及炭滤池对CODMn的去除率总体上呈逐步升高的趋势；后臭氧投加量和臭氧后水浊度、炭滤池对锰的去除率有明显的相关性；当后臭氧投加量为1．8～2．0mg／L时，各项水质指标取得较好的处理效果，已无需增大投药量；系统在冬季水温较低时运行对可以生物降解的CODMn与氨氮的去除率未出现下降趋势，表明本工艺在我国南方亚热带地区有广阔的应用前景。     

氯代硝基苯类实际废水臭氧脱色工艺初步研究

针对氯代硝基苯生产废水二级生化处理出水色度较高的问题,研究了臭氧氧化法去除废水色度的性能,同时分析了其工业化应用的可行性.结果表明,提高臭氧投加量,延长水力停留时间均可提高出水脱色效果,脱色过程中臭氧利用率基本稳定在80%.通过模型发现,废水色度去除只与反应消耗掉的臭氧量有关,而与臭氧投加浓度、投加量等因素无关.通过对不同类型反应器脱色效果比较发现,逆流填料反应器对废水的脱色效果最佳,该反应器在臭氧投加量为47.76mg·L-1,水力停留时间为4min的条件下,脱色成本约为0.6～0.8元·n-3废水.     

臭氧对陶瓷膜过滤特性的影响

为了提高陶瓷膜的通量和过滤效果,采用臭氧-陶瓷膜组合工艺对水厂源水进行试验,研究了臭氧对陶瓷膜通量和过滤效果的影响。试验发现:在源水中投加臭氧可使陶瓷膜通量有一定程度的增加,且膜孔径越大其增加幅度越明显。对于10 nm陶瓷膜,臭氧投加量为1 mg.L-1时通量最大,增加约25%～30%;对于100 nm陶瓷膜,臭氧投加量5 mg.L-1时通量最大,增加约40～55%。随着臭氧投加量的增大和运行时间的延长,10 nm和100 nm陶瓷膜的出水浊度基本不受影响,出水浊度均稳定,约0.07～0.10 NTU。投加臭氧对10 nm、100 nm陶瓷膜去除源水中UV254均有一定促进作用,10 nm陶瓷膜对UV254的去除率可增加约9%～18%,100 nm陶瓷膜对UV254的去除率可增加约3%～7%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。