Chemical mechanical polishing of polycarbonate and poly methyl methacrylate substrates

In recent years, polymeric materials such as polycarbonate (PC) and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) are replacing silicon as major substrates in microfluidic system fabrication due to the outstanding features like low cost and good chemical resistance. In this study, chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of PC and PMMA substrates was investigated. First, four types of slurry were tested. Then, the slurry producing relatively high material removal rate (MRR) and low surface roughness was chosen, and experiments were designed and carried out to investigate the effects of key process parameters. The experimental results show impacts of key CMP process parameters on MRR and surface finish of PC and PMMA substrates. An increase in head load or table speed would cause an increase in surface roughness heights and MRR. The surface quality of the polymers after CMP appeared to be acceptable for most of microelectromechanical system applications as the process conditions were restrained within the process window.     

硫化镉晶片抛光工艺研究

研究了硫化镉(CdS)晶片Cd面的化学机械抛光(CMP)工艺。采用硅溶胶抛光液和NaClO氧化剂,分别使用聚氨脂和磨砂革抛光垫进行粗抛和精抛实验,并研究了氧化剂掺入量、抛光转速、抛光压力等工艺条件对CdS晶片表面质量的影响。结果表明,在抛光液中氧化剂体积分数为6%左右、抛光盘的转速为90～100 r/min、压强为55～60 g/cm2条件下可得到平整度较好、表面缺陷低、表面粗糙度低的高质量抛光表面。金相显微镜和微分干涉显微镜下观测抛光片表面无划痕、无桔皮产生,原子力显微镜测试得到抛光后CdS晶片Cd面的表面粗糙度值仅为0.385 nm。     

ULSI制造中Cu的电化学机械抛光

电化学机械抛光(ECMP)技术可以在低压力下进行,有可能替代化学机械抛光(CMP)技术,满足含易碎、低介电常数材料的小尺寸特征结构的ULSI中Cu的抛光要求。利用自制的抛光液和改装的抛光机对晶圆片和图案晶圆片上的Cu进行电化学机械抛光,研究了抛光电压、抛光台转速、抛光压力和抛光液流量对抛光速率的影响,发现在抛光电压为4.7V、流量为150～200mL/min、抛光台转速为30～40r/min、抛光压力为3.45kPa时能达到较好的抛光速率。考察了抛光电压对图案晶圆片上台阶高度减小效率的影响,发现台阶高度减小效率随抛光电压增大而减小,并且对抛光机理做了初步分析。     

磷化铟的化学机械抛光技术研究进展

磷化铟单晶作为一种重要的外延层衬底材料被广泛应用于光电器件.衬底外延生长和电子器件制备要求磷化铟晶片表面具有极低的表面粗糙度、无表面/亚表面损伤和残余应力等,需对磷化铟晶片表面进行抛光加工,其表面质量决定了后续的外延层质量并最终影响磷化铟基器件的性能.综述了磷化铟晶体化学机械抛光(CMP)技术进展;介绍了磷化铟表面的化学反应原理、CMP去除机理;详细分析了磷化铟抛光液组分及pH值、抛光工艺参数(抛光压力、抛光盘转速、抛光垫特性、磨料种类、粒径及浓度)等对磷化铟抛光质量的影响;介绍了磷化铟抛光片的清洗工艺,并对磷化铟CMP的后续研究方向提出一些建议.     

砷化镓抛光片总厚度变化研究

抛光片表面总厚度变化是衡量砷化镓抛光片表面质量的重要几何参数指标 ,对后序的器件工艺及集成电路工艺有着至关重要的影响。通过对影响总厚度变化的抛光液组分进行实验分析 ,在抛光工艺中采用化学机械抛光的方法抛出合格的双面抛光片 ,采用统计的方法对测得的总厚度变化数据进行分析 ,找出合适的抛光工艺     

ULSI制造中硅片化学机械抛光的运动机理

从运动学角度出发，根据硅片与抛光垫的运动关系，通过分析磨粒在硅片表面的运动轨迹，揭示了抛光垫和硅片的转速和转向以及抛光头摆动参数对硅片表面材料去除率和非均匀性的影响．分析结果表明：硅片与抛光垫转速相等转向相同时可获得最佳的材料去除非均匀性及材料去除率．研究结果为设计CMP机床，选择CMP的运动参数和进一步理解CMP的材料去除机理提供了理论依据．     

An effort in planarising microwave plasma CVD grown polycrystalline diamond (PCD) coated 4 in. Si wafers

Large area CVD grown diamond coatings should have very smooth surface in many of its applications, like microwave power transmission windows etc. Combination of mechanical and chemical forces during polishing helps to achieve desired surface roughness of the polycrystalline diamond (PCD) coatings. Authors report the variation of pressure, slurry feeding rate, addition of chemicals and the time of polishing to observe the efficiency of chemo-mechanical polishing (CMP) technique in planarising CVD diamond material grown over 100 mm diameter silicon wafers. PCD were found to be polished by bringing down the as-grown surface roughness from 1.62 µm to 46 nm at some points on large areas. One coherence scanning interferometer was used to check the roughness at different stages of CMP. Raman spectroscopy was used to evaluate the polished PCD samples in terms of their quality, internal stress at different positions on the same wafer surface after CMP process. It was found that the well polished regions were of better quality than the less polished regions on the same wafer surface. But due to coating non-uniformity of the deposited PCD grown by microwave plasma CVD over large area, CMP could not produce uniform surface roughness over the entire 100 mm diameter wafer surface. We concluded that CMP could effectively but differentially polish large area PCD surfaces, and further process improvements were needed.     

锗晶片化学机械抛光的条件分析

在不同务件下(不同助剂比例和不同研磨液浓度),通过对锗化学机械抛光速率变化的研究,探讨了锗片在SiO2胶体磨料与H2O2混合液加抛光助剂条件下的化学机械抛光过程,分析了助剂比例对抛光速率的影响.     

镁合金抛光机理与CMP工艺研究

将化学机械抛光(CMP)技术引入到镁合金片(MB2)的抛光中,打破过去镁合金以单一化学或机械加工为主的加工手段,用自制的抛光液对镁合金片进行抛光实验。结果发现,抛光液中加入双氧水易产生胶体,不利于抛光的进行,因此提出无氧化剂SiO2碱性抛光。同时分析了镁合金的抛光机理,抛光中压力、转速和抛光液流量参数对抛光过程的影响,利用Olympus显微镜对抛光前后镁合金表面进行观察,通过合理控制工艺参数,能够得到较佳的镁合金抛光表面,远优于单一的机械加工,为镁合金抛光工艺和进一步研究抛光液的配比奠定了基础。     

碱性抛光液在CMP过程中对低k介质的影响

以p型111硅片为衬底,经过旋涂固化制备低介电常数(低k)材料聚酰亚胺。经过化学机械抛光(CMP)过程,考察实验前后低k材料介电性能的变化。实验中分别使用阻挡层抛光液、Cu抛光液以及新型抛光液对低k材料进行抛光后,利用电参数仪对低k材料进行电性能测试。结果显示,低k材料介电常数经pH值为7.09新型抛光液抛光后,k值由2.8变为2.895,漏电流在3.35 pA以下,去除速率为59 nm/min。经新型抛光液抛光后的低k材料,在电学性能等方面均优于阻挡层抛光液和Cu抛光液,抛光后的低k材料的性能能够满足应用要求。     

蓝宝石衬底表面的高精密加工工艺

为了获得优化的CMP参数变化,对实验进行了设计,并采用CMP方法在C6382I-W/YJ单面抛光机上对蓝宝石衬底表面进行了加工.根据蓝宝石衬底特性,选择了碱性抛光液,并选用SiO2胶体作为磨料.依据高去除的目的,对如底盘转速、抛光液流量、温度及压力等不同工艺参数进行了研究.根据实验结果,确定了蓝宝石衬底表面的CMP最佳工艺参数.     

pH值对铌酸锂晶片抛光速率及抛光表面的影响

采用化学机械抛光方法,自制碱性抛光液对铌酸锂晶片进行抛光,通过试验得出适宜铌酸锂晶片抛光的pH值,配合压力、流量等外界参数可以得到较高的表面质量和较快抛光速率.分析了铌酸锂晶片在碱性条件下的去除机理和抛光液的pH值及抛光液中各个组分对抛光速率和表面质量的影响.     

硅晶圆CMP抛光速率影响因素分析

化学机械抛光(CMP)技术是半导体工艺中不可缺少的重要工艺。针对硅晶圆CMP平坦性问题,系统地考察了压力、转速、抛光垫、浆料、温度等因素对硅晶圆平坦化速率的影响,从中找到它们之间的优化参数,减少CMP工艺中的表面划伤、抛光雾、金属离子沾污,清除残余颗粒,保证硅晶圆的平坦化质量。     

新型碱性抛光液对300mm TaN镀膜片CMP效果评估

TaN由于其良好的性能广泛用于布线铜与介质之间的阻挡层和黏附层.在对直径为300 mm的TaN镀膜片进行化学机械抛光(CMP)后,对比并分析了两种碱性抛光液对TaN去除速率、片内非均匀性、去除速率选择性和表面粗糙度的影响.结果表明,经过自主研发且不合氧化剂的碱性阻挡层抛光液抛光后,TaN的去除速率为40.1 nm/min,片内非均匀性为3.04％,介质、TaN与Cu的去除速率之比为1.69∶1.26∶1,中心、中间以及边缘的表面粗糙度分别为0.371,0.358和0.366 nm.与商用抛光液抛光结果相比,虽然采用自主研发的抛光液抛光的去除速率低,但片内非均匀性以及选择性均满足商用要求,且抛光后TaN表面粗糙度小,易清洗,无颗粒沾污.综合实验结果表明,自主研发的高性能碱性抛光液对TaN镀膜片具有良好的抛光效果,适合工业生产.     

Cu CMP抛光液对速率的影响分析及优化

在超大规模集成电路多层Cu布线CMP工艺中,抛光液是决定抛光速率、抛光表面状态和平坦化能力的重要因素。采用Plackett-Burman(PB)筛选实验对抛光液成分(磨料、氧化剂、活性剂、螯合剂)进行显著性因素分析,得出磨料、FA/O螯合剂Ⅱ型和氧化剂为显著性因素,并采用响应曲面法对其进行优化并建立了模型,最终得到以去除速率为评价条件的综合最优抛光液配比,为Cu抛光液配比优化及对CMP的进一步发展提供了新的思路与途径。     

硅通孔抛光液的研究进展

硅通孔(TSV)技术是一种先进的封装技术,化学机械抛光(CMP)是集成电路TSV制作过程中的重要步骤之一,是可兼顾材料表面局部和全局平坦化的技术。抛光液是影响抛光表面质量和加工效率的关键因素,是CMP工艺中消耗品成本最大的部分。TSV抛光液主要包括铜膜抛光液和阻挡层抛光液,依据抛光速率和抛光质量(表面粗糙度、碟形坑修正等)的要求对其进行了分类讨论,概述了近年来TSV抛光液的研究进展,对其今后的研究重点和发展趋势进行了分析和预测,认为TSV抛光液应朝着抛光速率和抛光质量的优化、低成本、环境友好的方向发展。     

Effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration on surface micro- roughness of silicon wafer after final polishing

The effect of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentration in alkaline slurry on the surface micro-roughness of final polished silicon wafer was investigated. The root mean square roughness (RMS) reached minimum with H₂O₂ when the concentration is 0.05 wt%. Meanwhile, the contact angle of the polished surface was decreased to 21°. This decrease was attributed to enhanced chemical reaction in the CMP process. Electrochemical impedance was measured to explore the variation with addition of H₂O₂ in the reaction process of silicon erosion. Based on the measurements, a mechanism was suggested to explain the phenomenon in combine with the coefficient of friction force in the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process.     

The stability of a novel weakly alkaline slurry of copper interconnection CMP for GLSI

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is one of the important machining procedures of multilayered copper interconnection for GLSI,meanwhile polishing slurry is a critical factor for realizing the high polishing performance such as high planarization efficiency,low surface roughness.The effect of slurry components such as abrasive (colloidal silica),complexing agent (glycine),inhibitor (BTA) and oxidizing agent (H2O2) on the stability of the novel weakly alkaline slurry of copper interconnection CMP for GLSI was investigated in this paper.First,the synergistic and competitive relationship of them in a peroxide-based weakly alkaline slurry during the copper CMP process was studied and the stability mechanism was put forward.Then 1 wt％ colloidal silica,2.5 wt％ glycine,200 ppm BTA,20 mL/L H2O2 had been selected as the appropriate concentration to prepare copper slurry,and using such slurry the copper blanket wafer was polished.From the variations of copper removal rate,root-mean square roughness (Sq) value with the setting time,it indicates that the working-life of the novel weakly alkaline slurry can reach more than 7 days,which satisfies the requirement of microelectronics further development.     

CMP中酸碱度对InSb晶片粗糙度的影响

InSb是一种重要的半导体材料。研究了在压力、流量等工艺参数一定的条件下,通过改变有机碱在抛光液中的体积分数,得到了不同pH值的抛光液。采用化学机械抛光(CMP)对InSb进行了表面加工,并在原子力显微镜下观测了抛光后晶片的表面粗糙度,找到了适宜InSb抛光的最佳pH值,从而达到降低InSb表面粗糙度的目的,最后分析和讨论了实验结果及其有机碱在CMP中的作用,最终实现了工艺参数的优化。     

Wafer back pressure control and optimization in the CMP process

Chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) is the most effective wafer global planarization technology.The CMP polishing head is one of the most important components,and zone back pressure control technology is used to design a new generation of polishing head.The quality of polishing not only depends on slurry,but also depends on the precise control of polishing pressures.During the CMP polishing process,the set pressure of each chamber is usually not the same and the presence of a flexible elastic diaphragm causes coupling effects.Because of the coupling effects,the identification of multi-chambers and pressure controls becomes complicated.To solve the coupling problem,this paper presents a new method of multi-chamber decoupled control,and then system identification and control parameter tuning are carried out based on the method.Finally,experiments of multi-chambers inflated at the same time are performed.The experimental results show that the presented decoupling control method is feasible and correct.