EFFECT OF Cu ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF Al-Li ALLOYS

The aging precipitation structure and the properties of Al-Li-Cu-Zr alloys with 3 differentCu/Li ratios have been studied.Experimental results show that the aging hardening of thealloys consists of two steps:The first is strengthened by δ′-phase(δ′+T_1 phase in alloyNo.3),and the second by δ′+T_1 phase(δ′+T_1+θ′phase in alloy No.3).The plate of T_1-phasecan absorb the Li atoms from δ′ particles when the plate bumped into δ′-phase,and therefore,these δ′ phase particles become smaller and gradually disappear.The strength and hardnessincrease with the increase of Cu/Li ratio and cuases a decrease in plasticity.The crack modewould change from transgranular to intergranular.This is due to the precipitation of the equi-librium phases contained Cu at grain boundaries.     

2091Al－Li合金晶界无析出带的形成及其对应力腐蚀的影响

用慢应变速率拉伸试验研究不同冷却介质淬火并时效的２０９１合金的应力腐蚀敏感性．用透射电镜观察合金的微观组织．结果表明，晶界无析出带（ＰＦＺ）随淬火速度的提高而变窄；而时效过程中，随着晶界沉淀相的形核和长大，ＰＦＺ逐渐宽化．这说明，时效初期，ＰＦＺ是由空位贫化机制形成的；而伴随时效过程的进行，ＰＦＺ又以溶质贫化机制产生宽化．ＰＦＺ宽度越大，合金应力腐蚀敏感性越大．     

时效制度对含钪超高强铝合金晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀的影响

通过晶间腐蚀、剥落腐蚀和电化学腐蚀试验,结合扫描电镜和透射电镜等分析手段,研究了含钪Al-Mg-Zn-Cu-Zr合金在不同时效状态下的的晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀行为。结果表明,合金抗晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀能力随着时效时间的延长而提高,在4.0mol/L NaCl+0.1mol/L HNO3+0.4mol/L KNO3(EXCO)溶液中测试的极化曲线也表现出相同的趋势。透射电镜观察表明,晶界析出相和晶界无沉淀析出带(PFZ)是影响合金腐蚀性能的主要因素。随着时效时间的延长,非平衡相η′和S′相逐渐向平衡相η和S相转变,晶界析出相粗化并呈链状分布,PFZ变宽。晶界粗大平衡相的不均匀分布和PFZ阻断了腐蚀的阳极通道,使合金的腐蚀敏感性降低。     

时效处理对新型Al-5.6Zn-1.6Mg-0.15Zr合金显微组织及耐腐蚀性能的影响

通过晶间腐蚀试验(IGC)、剥落腐蚀试验(EXCO)及电化学腐蚀试验,结合光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)及配套能谱分析仪(EDS)和透射电镜(TEM)等手段,研究Al-5.6Zn-1.6Mg-0.15Zr合金板材在120℃下时效不同时间后微观组织、腐蚀状态及耐腐蚀性能的变化.结果表明:新型Al-5.6Zn-1....     

PRECIPITATION IN BINARY Al-Li ALLOYS

Studies were carried out on the precipitation in two sets of binary Al-Li alloys by means ofhardness tests,DSC analyses and TEM observations.When the alloys were aged for constanttime,a peak appeared on the plot of temperature dependence upon their hardness in the rangeof low temperatures,and the endothermic dissolution peak was quite distinct on the DSCcurve also at low temperatures.These are believed that an Li-rich GP zone formed in the al-loys aged at low temperatures,but no more GP zone if aging at elevated temperatures.Thehardness of the alloys raises rapidly with coarsening of δ′-phase grains.The two endothermicpeaks of δ′ dissolution on the DSC curve relate to the structural adjustment at twice of the δ′precipitation.The equilibrium δ-phase,being of higher thermal stability,nucleates and growsdirectly from the supersaturated solid solution with the aid of the gram boundary.     

Embrittlement in an age-hardened 2091 aluminum alloy by exposure at elevated temperatures below the aging temperature

Fractographic analysis after tensile tests and microstructural observation on precipitate distribution have been carried out on a 2091 alloy sheet to elucidate the cause of embrittlement which occurs in Al–Li base alloys by exposing the materials at about 70°C. Transverse tensile specimens were T8-tempered and subsequently subjected to isothermal exposure treatment at temperatures ranging from 40 to 100°C for different times up to 100 days. Reduction in the ductility was confirmed as the exposure temperature and time increased within the tested condition. This embrittlement was ascribed primarily to the reduction in the local deformability in the vicinity of grain boundaries arising from additional precipitation of fine δ′-phase particles in the original PFZ.     

非等温时效工艺对7050铝合金组织和性能的影响

利用TEM、SEM、维氏硬度计、电子万能试验机和涡流导电仪等手段研究了不同的非等温时效工艺对7050铝合金组织、断口形貌和性能的影响,并与T74态的7050铝合金性能进行了比较。结果表明,经190 ℃时效后合金晶内以η′相为主析出,析出相间距较大;随着时效温度的降低,晶内析出相不断增大,间距不断减小,并伴随有针状相二次析出。晶界析出相同样不断粗化,且呈现出“连续状-项链状-半连续状-间断状”的分布势态,晶界无析出带变化不大;合金的硬度、抗拉强度均呈现出先升后降的趋势,当时效温度为130 ℃时,合金的硬度、抗拉强度达到峰值;合金的电导率呈现出单调上升的趋势,在时效温度为110 ℃时趋于平稳;与T74态相比,经(475±3) ℃×40 min固溶+(210~130 ℃,20 ℃/h)非等温时效处理后,合金获得了更优异的综合性能,且工艺耗时减少24 h。     

EFFECT OF MICROSTRUCTURE ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF INCOLOY 907

Effect of microstructure on the mechanical properties of a precipitation strengtheningFe-Ni-Co based low expansion alloy,Incoloy 907.has been investigated under different heattreatments.The dispersed γ-phase is found to be the principal strengthening phase in thealloy.The microstructure of the alloy with even dispersed fine γ′-phase seems to have the bestmechanical properties.However,it will be worsened if the alloy was aged at some higher tem-perature or overaged to precipitate needle-like ε-phase.     

淬火无析出区对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金断裂行为的影响

根据超高强铝合金淬火、时效组织透射电镜观察结果,以及合金断裂行为与断口形貌分析,提出了一种Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金产生延性断裂的物理模型。对平衡相、基体沉淀相、无析出微区的断裂行为进行了分析。研究结果表明,在晶内同步变形条件下,平衡相粒子最先断裂;晶内沉淀区内裂纹的形成与扩展早于无析出区,沉淀区内初始孔洞扩展与聚合,导致沉淀区断裂,这是合金断裂的主要原因;无析出区最后断裂。引起淬火敏感性的平衡相粒子,不是造成合金断裂的直接原因,粒子周围的无析出微区起到了限制裂纹扩展和协调变形的作用,是合金形成延性拉伸断口的原因。     

INFLUENCE OF AGING ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND TENSILE BEHAVIOR OF Al ALLOY 8090

The vuriations of microstructure and tensile behavior of an Al—Li一Cu—Mg—Zr alloy during aging are studied in this paper.It has been found that the fine δ’—phase precipitated inthe underaging condition and that theδ’—,S—and T_1—phases precipitate in the peak agingand the overaging conditions.The alloy exhibits tuansgranular fracture on the underagingcondition and mixture of transgranular and intergranular ruptures in the peak the peak aging andoveraging conditions.     

Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金的高温时效行为研究

通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射等手段分析了金属型及砂型铸造Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金高温下的时效析出行为.结果表明,经高温时效处理后,合金主要由Gd+Y在Mg中的过饱和固溶体、方块相、少量球状的Zr核及β相组成;高温时效处理几乎不影响合金的晶粒尺寸,随着时效温度的提高及高温时效时间的延长,合金的硬度逐渐降低;在晶内析出了呈三角取向或单一平行取向分布的β相,晶界上出现无沉淀析出带;成形条件并不影响高温时效析出相的分布和趋向.     

Effect of different aging processes on the corrosion behavior of new Al–Cu–Li–Zr–Sc alloys

The intergranular corrosion and exfoliation corrosion behaviors of Al–Cu–Li–Zr–Sc alloys under different aging effects, such as single‐stage aging, strain aging, and double‐stage aging, were studied. Among the three aging treatments, single‐stage aging resulted in the best resistance to corrosion, followed by double‐stage aging; strain aging resulted in the worst corrosion resistance. A 3.5% precooling strain could increase the dislocation density, which promoted the precipitation of corrosion‐prone T₁ phase and increased the corrosion driving force of the alloy. Double‐stage aging made the precipitated T₁ phases finer and more uniform and reduced the number of equilibrium phases at grain boundaries, thus improving the corrosion properties of the alloy. The corrosion susceptibility of the alloy was attributed to the T₁ phase and precipitate‐free zone (PFZ), and the underlying corrosion mechanism was revealed as preferential dissolution of the equilibrium phase at grain boundaries and its surrounding distortion zone, followed by expansion of the PFZ along the grain boundaries, resulting in the development of corrosion from the grain boundaries to the intragranular regions.     

Transmission electron microscopy study of the early stage of precipitates in aged Al–Li–Cu alloys

We report here on the early stage of the precipitation behavior of aged Al–Li–Cu alloys using transmission electron microscopy. The δ′ phase (Al₃Li, L1₂ structure (Structurbericht)) was found to exist in the as-quenched specimen containing 2.4 wt%-Li, whereas no precipitation was observed in the as-quenched specimen with 1.6 wt%-Li. After aging at 100 °C for 3 h, GP-I zones nucleated homogeneously in both specimens; but no δ′ phase was detected in the 1.6 wt%-Li alloy at that stage. As the aging proceeds, the δ′ phase nucleates and grows on the GP-I zones. The composite structure, in which the GP-I zone is flanked by a pair of lenticular δ′ particles, is stable in 180–200 °C. The facing lenticular δ′ particles on a GP-I zone were systematically found to be anti-phase with respect to each other.     

时效前冷变形对Al-15Zn-0.5Mg-0.5Sc合金组织及力学性能的影响

对热轧态Al-15Zn-0.5Mg-0.5Sc合金进行固溶+时效和固溶+冷轧+时效处理,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和万能力学试验机等研究了各状态合金的微观组织及力学性能。结果表明,冷轧可使饱和Al-Zn固溶体分解,并动态析出Zn相,同时冷轧还促使合金晶粒细化以及位错增殖。人工时效可使合金内析出高密度η′相,而冷轧所导致的高密度位错促进了析出过程并加速了η′相向η相的转变。时效前冷轧可明显优化Al-15Zn-0.5Mg-0.5Sc合金的力学性能,Al-15Zn-0.5Mg-0.5Sc合金经固溶+冷轧+70 ℃人工时效后,其屈服强度和极限抗拉强度分别为413和462 MPa,其强化机理包括细晶强化、位错强化和析出强化。而120 ℃时效会加速位错湮灭,从而削弱位错强化效果。     

热处理对激光增材制造IN718合金组织及析出相演变的影响

研究了经过固溶+双时效(SA)、均匀化+双时效(HA)、均匀化+固溶+双时效(HSA)3种热处理后IN718合金的微观组织、析出相的演变。结果表明,沉积态试样中的显微组织为柱状晶结构,并贯穿多个沉积层;经过SA热处理后开始发生再结晶;经HA和HSA热处理后再结晶程度显著提高。热处理能够促进沉积态中的柱状晶逐渐向等轴晶转变。沉积态试样中存在γ基体、Laves相和一些碳化物;经过SA热处理后溶解了大部分的Laves偏析相,并在晶界、晶内、枝晶间析出大量的针状δ相,还有部分碳化物残留;经过HA热处理后,Laves偏析相、δ相全部溶解,只有少量的碳化物残留;经过HSA热处理后Laves偏析相全部溶解,在晶界处析出部分δ相,还有少量的碳化物残留。沉积态试样中没有γ′、γ″相析出,3种热处理状态均有大量的γ′、γ″相析出。     

Effect of Thermal Aging on Coarsening Kinetics of γ′ in Alloy 617

The effect of thermal aging on coarsening kinetics of alloy 617, a candidate material for heat exchanger of the very high temperature reactor, was experimentally studied at 750 and 950 °C for up to 5300 h. Formation of various precipitates such as μ-phase, M₂₃C₆ and γ′ phases and significant coarsening of the γ′ phase have been observed in the microstructure of the aged samples. Experimental observation was compared to alloy thermodynamic calculation and γ′-phase precipitation kinetics simulation. Thermal aging effect on the microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior of alloy 617 was then discussed based on experimental and microstructural modeling results.     

时效处理对AZ81镁合金组织与力学性能的影响

通过对挤压坯预成形AZ81镁合金进行模压成形及随后的时效处理,研究了形变及时效过程中显微组织及力学性能的变化规律.结果表明:时效温度埘AZ81镁合金力学性能及显微组织的影响较大,随时效温度升高至200℃,第二相的析出速度加快,且析出相分布变得均匀,细小析出相呈弥散状态分布于晶界上;随时效时间的延长.β-Mg17Al12析出相逐渐增多,当时效温度为200℃、时效20h时,晶界大多被析出物所掩盖,晶粒内充满大量点针状析出相,合金显微组织的各向异性得以消除,成分较为均匀,进一步提高了模压成形镁合金的力学性能,经400℃模压成形及200℃×20 h的时效处理后,其抗拉强度可达358.5 MPa,屈服强度达到260.7 MPa,伸长率为9.8%.     

Effect of large cold deformation on characteristics of age-strengthening of 2024 aluminum alloys

1 Introduction Studies on thermomechanical treatment of aluminum alloy start from 1960s[1,2]. The thermo- mechanical treatment is divided into intermediate thermomechanical treatment(ITMT) and final thermo- mechanical treatment(FTMT) by Russo and his co- …     

时效制度对6156铝合金力学性能及腐蚀性能的影响

通过常规拉伸、慢应变速率拉伸和晶间腐蚀实验研究了T6及双级时效处理对6156铝合金力学性能与腐蚀性能的影响,并采用透射电镜(TEM)观察了析出相特征。结果表明:6156合金在T6欠时效状态下晶内析出相主要为GP区,晶界无明显析出相;T6峰时效晶内析出相主要为β″相,出现少量的Q′相,晶界析出物呈连续分布,合金虽然具有最高强度,但晶间腐蚀严重,应力腐蚀敏感性最大;随时效时间延长,Q′相增多并逐渐粗化,晶界析出物粗大非连续分布;T78时效态晶内析出大量的Q′相,晶界析出相球化且析出相之间的间距增大,呈断续分布,无沉淀析出带(PFZ)变宽,因此相比T6态而言T78状态合金强度损失不大而耐蚀性得到明显提高。     

Effect of aging on the mechanical properties and corrosion susceptibility of an Al-Cu-Li-Zr alloy containing Sc

The effects of aging on the microstructure, mechanical properties, intergranular corrosion, and exfoliation corrosion of an Al-3.5Cu-1.5Li-0.22（Sc ＋ Zr） alloy have been investigated. The results show that the alloy has the character of age hardening, and the major phase of precipitation and strengthening is the T1 phase. The aging temperature and aging time have a significant effect on the amount and distribution of the T1 phase. The proper artificial single-aging treatment of the alloy is at 160℃ for 40 h. The intergranular corrosion and exfoliation corrosion of the alloy are caused by the anodic dissolution of the T1 phase and the precipitate-free zone （PFZ）. With increasing the aging time to overaged, the T1 phase coarsens, and the PFZ widens, leading to an increase in the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion and exfoliation corrosion.