镇江化工集中区污水厂提标改造工程设计及运行效果

镇江化工集中区污水处理厂设计规模4.0×10⁴m³/d,原出水执行《化学工业主要水污染物排放标准》(DB 32/39-2006)一级标准,现经提标改造,在原工艺流程末端添加了“臭氧催化氧化接触池+V型滤池”,在处理系统增加了20%乙酸钠投加装置,提标改造工程运行效果良好,出水水质稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A标准,其中出水COD在22～45 mg/L之间,TN在5.32～12.5 mg/L之间,SS在4～9 mg/L之间。     

深度处理工艺在山东某污水处理厂提标改造工程中的应用

针对有工业废水混入的山东省某污水处理厂,为满足《城镇污水厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)中一级A标准的要求,将"高效沉淀池+活性砂滤池+臭氧接触氧化"组合工艺应用于提标改造工程,以确保尾水稳定达标。"高效沉淀池+活性砂滤池"工艺进一步去除TP及SS,可减少后续臭氧投加量;臭氧接触氧化工艺进一步去除COD及色度,兼具消毒效果。改造后实际运行结果表明,该组合工艺运行稳定可靠,出水水质各项指标稳定达标。2018年阴离子PAM平均投加量为0.5 mg/L,PAC平均投加量为65 mg/L;臭氧投加量/COD去除量约为2:1,臭氧系统吨水电耗约0.11 kW·h。     

磁粉投加量对SBR工艺污水处理效果的影响

针对传统SBR工艺污泥絮体结构松散,沉降速率低等问题,实验采用磁化技术处理生活污水。考察磁粉(微米Fe_3O_4)对生活污水处理效果的影响,确定最佳磁粉投加量。结果表明,磁化污泥处理污水的效果要优于普通活性污泥,最佳磁粉投加量为0.5~0.7 g/L,综合考虑经济和处理效果两方面因素,选择磁粉投加量0.5 g/L较为合适。此时平均出水COD、氨氮、总氮和总磷的平均去除率分别为95.30%、91.48%、70.83%和92.80%,平均出水COD为16.60 mg/L,平均出水氨氮、总氮和总磷浓度分别2.74、10.01、0.53 mg/L,达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB1891-2002)一级标准。     

环境敏感地区城市污水处理厂超深度除磷研究

随着环境敏感水体区域污水排放标准的不断提高,该区域内的污水处理厂需要进行超深度除磷.针对环境敏感地区某污水处理厂的现有处理工艺,对全流程的磷素(总磷、悬浮态磷、溶解性正磷酸盐、其他溶解性磷)进行监测分析,结果表明沿程总磷都是以悬浮态磷和溶解性正磷酸盐为主,在各处理单元中悬浮态磷和溶解性正磷酸盐质量分数都在86％以上,二沉池出水平均总磷为0.192 mg/L.以该污水处理厂的二级处理出水为研究对象,考察超深度化学除磷(出水总磷<0.05 mg/L)的可行性和边界条件,结果表明聚合氯化铝(PAC)的最佳投加量为60 mg/L,此时各形态的磷都得到不同程度的去除,使用最佳投加量并且pH在6.75～8之间时,出水总磷低于0.05 mg/L,pH为7.25时混凝效果最佳.     

生化-高级氧化组合工艺处理海上生活污水

部分海上设施生活污水处理设备采用的传统工艺存在维护工作量大等问题,为了实现海上生活污水长周期稳定达标,在生化处理基础上尝试采用臭氧催化氧化进行生活污水的处理,考察了臭氧投加量、反应时间及pH等对处理效果的影响。在海上平台进行现场中试应用实验,出水稳定达标,出水COD 100～115mg/L,BOD_5 10～15mg/L,满足《海洋石油勘探开发污染物排放限制》(GB 4914—2008)标准要求,装置操作维护工作量小,且实现长周期稳定达标。     

A~2/O氧化沟城镇污水处理厂的设计与运行

文章系统介绍了南方某城镇污水处理厂A2/O氧化沟的工艺设计。其设计总规模为1.2万m3/d,采用A2/O氧化沟工艺,污泥采用机械浓缩和脱水。运行一段时间后的结果表明:A2/O氧化沟工艺处理城镇污水出水水质稳定,可达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)中的一级B标准。     

水解酸化/接触氧化/曝气生物滤池处理工业园废水工程实例

采用"水解酸化—接触氧化—曝气生物滤池"工艺处理由印染废水和生活污水组成的工业园废水,其CODCr从800 mg/L左右降到60 mg/L以下,BOD5从250 mg/L左右降到20 mg/L以下,去除率均达到了92%以上,出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)中一级标准的B标准。     

Carrousel 2000氧化沟在生活污水处理中的应用

惠州市第六污水处理厂二期采用Carrousel 2000氧化沟作为主要生化处理工艺,处理来自城区的市政生活污水。工程试运行阶段,生产运行稳定,出水水质稳定达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准的要求。     

化学混凝除氟工艺

探索某企业转炉煤气洗涤含氟废水化学沉淀、混凝沉淀及氯化钙、PAC联合处理最佳工艺及相应最佳药剂投加条件。以氯化钙、PAC及两段处理各药剂投加量为影响因素,研究不同工艺及投加条件对出水含氟影响。结果表明,采用“PAC混凝沉淀”工艺处理该企业含氟74mg/L洗涤废水,出水氟浓度可稳定在10mg/L以下,达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB 8978—1996）的一级排放标准。     

DO浓度及其空间分布对Orbal氧化沟去除污染物效果

采用实际运行的Orbal氧化沟工艺处理城市污水,考察了DO浓度及其空间上分布对氧化沟出水的影响。结果表明:Orbal氧化沟外沟转碟不安装导流板时,可在纵向形成好氧—缺氧—厌氧环境,有利于实现COD、TN和NH3-N的高效去除和磷的充分释放;Orbal氧化沟中沟、內沟采用传统的设计与运行方式,DO浓度分别保持在1 mg/L和2 mg/L以上时,对污染物进行进一步去除,出水可全面达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)中的一级A标准。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。