聚硅酸铝铁对晚期渗滤液难降解有机物的絮凝研究

采用聚硅酸铝铁为絮凝剂,聚丙烯酰胺为助凝剂对晚期垃圾渗滤液进行混凝沉淀处理,采用单因素试验分别研究了聚硅酸铝铁投加量、pH、聚丙烯酰胺投加量对有机物、浊度去除的影响,并进行了三因素三水平正交试验探究了最佳投加工况。试验结果表明,当聚硅酸铝铁投加量为5.1 g/L,pH为6,聚丙烯酰胺投加量为2 mg/L时,晚期垃圾渗滤液中的有机物可被有效去除,COD最高去除率可达62%,其中UV_(254),TOC去除率分别均可达51%、63%,出水浊度可降低70%。混凝处理出水与未经任何处理原液经三位荧光光谱法进行了有机物成分分析,多种难降解有机物均得到有效去除,其中富里酸类物质去除效果最好,去除率可达43%。     

臭氧氧化法深度处理污泥干化冷凝液实验研究

对燃煤耦合污泥发电系统冷凝液进行了臭氧催化氧化实验研究，分别从催化剂选型、催化剂投加量、体系p H、臭氧投加量及接触时间五个因素入手探究其对难降解有机物去除效果的影响，进一步利用核磁共振技术及质谱技术对体系内蒽醌和萘酚的降解过程进行了监测。实验表明，当选用Fe/γ-Al₂O₃为催化剂且投加量为6 g/L，体系p H为9.2，臭氧投加量为120 mg/L，接触时间为120 min时，臭氧催化氧化对剩余难降解有机物的去除效果最佳，去除率可达83.2%，核磁共振和质谱监测结果也显示芳香类有机物随接触时间延长而迅速发生降解。     

Fenton试剂处理环氧氯丙烷生产废水研究

采用Fenton试剂法处理环氧氯丙烷生产废水。分别采用单因素和正交试验方法考察了反应温度、pH值、反应时间、FeSO4和H2O2投加量等因素对COD去除率的影响,以及各因素之间的关系。试验结果表明,反应温度为60℃、pH值为3.0、H2O2投加量为97.9mmol/L,FeSO4投加量为1.0mmol/L,反应时间为75min为最佳反应条件,且各影响因素中H2O2用量对COD去除率影响最大,FeSO4用量的影响次之,反应时间的影响最小。试验证实Fenton试剂对废水中的难降解有机物有较高的除去效率,可作为难降解有机物废水生物处理的前处理方法进行推广和使用。     

超声与臭氧联用处理难降解有机物的研究进展

超声与臭氧联用在处理水中难降解有机物方面具有广阔的应用前景.归纳了超声与臭氧联用处理各种难降解有机物的概况、氧化机理和模型发展,介绍了超声与臭氧联用处理各种难降解有机污染物的中间产物,分析了臭氧投加量、pH值和难降解有机物的初始浓度对降解过程的影响,最后针对该技术存在的问题提出了今后的研究方向.     

Fenton氧化深度处理焦化废水的研究

采用Fenton氧化对焦化废水进行了深度处理。结果表明：Fenton氧化反应迅速,可迅速降低焦化废水生化出水的COD;H2O2和Fe2＋的投加量对Fenton氧化具有明显的影响;pH=3时反应体系具有最佳的COD去除效果。在H2O2投加量为1.994 mL/L,FeSO4.7H2O投加量为0.543 g/L,pH=3,温度为35℃的条件下,反应出水COD低于100 mg/L,去除率可达72.7%;Fenton氧化可有效去除生化出水中的难降解有机物。实验结果表明Fenton氧化是深度处理焦化废水的有效工艺。     

纳米MgO对微污染水中石油污染物降解性能研究

以纳米MgO为催化剂,进行了微污染水中石油污染物的催化降解研究。结果表明,纳米MgO对微污染水中石油的催化降解效果与MgO投加量、pH、温度有关,随着MgO投加量、pH、温度的增加,石油降解率升高;在一定的条件下,降解率可达到90%以上。GC/MS分析显示,MgO的催化降解作用可使石油微污染水中有机物数量由61种减少为16种。纳米MgO是一种很好的水处理剂,可用于微污染水中石油污染物的去除。     

超声/Fenton法对废水中硝基苯的处理研究

实验采用超声/Fenton法处理难降解的有机污染物硝基苯.全面考察了溶液初始pH值、Fenton试剂组成、Fenton试剂加入量及反应温度等因素在US/Fenton试剂法对水中硝基苯去除效果的影响.当废水中硝基苯的浓度为100 mg/L,Fenton试剂投加量比为5:1,pH值为3,温度控制在25℃的条件下,硝基苯的降解率可达96.5％.     

臭氧催化氧化法处理煤化工废水研究

为解决臭氧氧化处理煤化工废水现阶段所存在的臭氧利用率不高,并进一步处理煤化工废水中的难降解有机物.论文采用臭氧催化氧化法对煤化工调节池废水进行深度处理,研究了温度、pH、臭氧投加量、反应时间、催化剂投加量等因素对COD和色度去除效率的影响.通过单因素实验分析,得到其最佳工况条件为臭氧投加量为4g/h,废水pH=9,水温...     

电催化氧化降解再造烟叶高浓梗液COD的试验研究

针对再造烟叶废弃梗液COD高给污水生化处理系统带来很大冲击的问题，提出了采用电催化氧化法对其进行电解预处理以降低后续污水处理负荷。考察了电压、电解质投加量、电流密度、反应时间等因素对废弃梗液中COD去除效果的影响，并对电催化氧化降解COD的机理进行了初步探讨。研究结果显示，在电压10 V，电流密度15 mA/cm²，电解质氯化钠的投加量为150 mg/L，电解时间6 h条件下，COD降解效果最佳，去除率达到92.71%。废水中COD的降低主要归因于水中烟碱及腐殖质类等有机大分子的降解。电催化氧化使绝大部分难降解的大分子有机物开环断键转变为易于降解的小分子物质，并最终降解为二氧化碳与水等物质，从而使废水中COD得到去除。     

Ag-TiO2光催化还原水体中硝酸盐同步氧化有机物的试验

光催化反应体系中同时存在着起氧化作用的空穴与还原作用的光生电子,使得同步处理水体中的有机物与硝酸盐成为可能,同时,可避免空穴与光生电子复合而降低光催化反应效率。农业径流中无机氮主要以硝酸盐形式存在,且含有一定量的有机物。因此,选择光催化还原硝酸盐效率高与氮气选择性好的Ag-TiO_2为催化剂,以葡萄糖和硝酸钾代表目标污染物,模拟农业径流,建立了共降解反应试验装置,探讨了pH、银掺杂量、Ag-TiO_2投加量、反应时间等因素对有机物与硝酸盐去除效率的影响。结果表明,在pH值=4.5、Ag实际负载量为0.53 wt%,投加量为1 mg/L时,反应120 min,NO_3~--N的去除率可达95.3%,气体转化率为76.3%,NO_3~--N降解过程符合伪二级动力学方程,同时,有机物去除率达到了69.5%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。