海上风电防腐蚀设计

近年来全世界海上风电的蓬勃发展,但严酷的海上环境却给海上风电带来了新的挑战,腐蚀问题已成为海上风电遇到的难题之一。本文从海上风电的组成角度出发,系统地探讨了腐蚀环境以及海上风机、海上升压站、海缆的防腐蚀设计,并提出未来海上风电防腐蚀设计展望。     

海上风电塔架腐蚀与防护现状

海上风电作为一种绿色能源技术,已成为世界上可再生能源发展的热点。海上风电运行在高度腐蚀的海洋环境中,防腐蚀成为一项非常重要的工作,而塔筒是防护的重点。本文分析了海上风电塔架的腐蚀原因和防腐蚀设计,综述了海上风电塔架防腐蚀用富锌涂料和聚氨酯涂料的研究进展,提出通过纳米材料和缓蚀剂改性优化提高防腐蚀涂料综合性能的建议,为海上风电塔架提供更好的腐蚀防护。     

海上风电机组桩基腐蚀防护研究进展

随着清洁能源的开发受到全球关注，海上风能资源丰富，海上风电具有较好的发展前景。面对严酷的海洋腐蚀环境，本文结合海上风电机组桩基所处海洋腐蚀环境特点，对于风电桩基所处不同海洋区域的腐蚀环境、腐蚀特点进行了分析和归纳，综述了目前在海上风电机组桩基应用较广的腐蚀技术及存在的问题，并提出未来海上风电防腐蚀研究方向的展望。     

海上风力发电系统的腐蚀与防护

介绍了海上风电设备的运行环境以及对腐蚀防护的要求。针对不同的腐蚀区域采用不同的防腐蚀措施。     

《海上风电场钢结构防腐蚀技术标准》颁布

<正>据国家能源局下发2011年第5号公告文件,NB/T31006-2011《海上风电场钢结构防腐蚀技术标准》等17项能源行业风电标准已获批准。《海上风电场钢结构防腐蚀技术标准》自2011年11月1起实施,该标准属于方法类标准,由     

资讯

<正>资讯海上风电发展正当时设备防腐蚀成为当务之急中国气象科学研究院初步探明,中国可开发和利用的陆地上风能储量2.53亿千瓦,近海可开发和     

海上直驱风电发电机转子的防腐蚀应用

为了提高海上直驱风电发电机转子磁钢的防腐蚀性能,磁钢采用稀土钕铁硼永磁材料并对其进行可靠性试验,用聚氨酯灌封树脂和固化剂昆合制作的粘结剂灌封,再用高性能FRP复合材料粘贴,用聚氨酯面漆涂刷作转子磁钢的表面防护层.实践表明,转子磁钢安装时被整体包覆使其具有良好的海上防腐蚀能力.     

海上风电与海洋牧场新型风电桩包覆防腐技术

本文结合莱州市海上风电与海洋牧场融合发展研究试验项目风电单桩基础的结构特点，针对性地对风电单桩基础所处水文环境、腐蚀区域进行分析和归纳。本项目采用了一种风电桩基新型岸上包覆防腐蚀施工技术，取得了较好的防护效果。并对复层矿脂包覆技术的施工设计、表面处理、涂抹矿脂防蚀膏、缠绕矿脂防蚀带、制作防蚀保护罩等关键技术环节做了详细讨论，为后续海上风电、码头钢管桩的复层矿脂包覆技术施工提供借鉴。     

大直径海上风电法兰的施工工艺研究应用

大直径风电法兰是海上风电项目的核心构件，法兰的焊接变形控制及尺寸精度对整个工程至关重要。文中基于英国北海某海上风电项目的建造要求，研究大直径海上风电法兰的施工工艺。从大直径风电法兰的设计要求进行研究，进一步控制采购的制造要求，开发大直径风电法兰的焊接工艺，验证焊接接头的性能。在建造施工过程中对大直径风电法兰进行组对控制、焊接变形控制、尺寸精度控制、质量检验，研发出大直径海上风电法兰的施工工艺并成功应用，应用效果表明：该工艺可以有效解决大直径海上风电法兰的焊接变形，保证尺寸精度，确保施工质量，提高施工效率，一次生产合格率超过97%,成功地解决了制约大功率海上风电项目陆地建造的关键技术问题，具有一定的推广和借鉴价值。     

胜利海上油田钢结构腐蚀防护技术分析

胜利海上石油开发共建成各种类型的海上采油平台近70座，海底管线约120多km，均是钢结构。因此，为保证海上工程的安全，钢结构的腐蚀防护至关重要。文章结合胜利海上油田腐蚀环境的具体情况，对适宜于胜利海上钢结构的防腐蚀措施进行了对比和分析，可为同类型的工程防腐蚀设计提供参考。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.