热轧带钢层流冷却温度优化控制策略研究

在热轧带钢生产过程中,卷取温度是影响成品带钢性能的重要参数之一,其精度的高低对带钢质量至关重要.为保证产品具有良好的性能,采用层流冷却装置对热轧后的板带进行冷却控制,喷水系统的设定是层流冷却过程控制的关键.在冷却过程中带钢的温度不能在线连续检测,其过程具有强非线性和时变性,而且在冷却过程中存在相变,因此难以建立精确的数学模型去描述这一冷却过程.随着带钢厚度,精轧出口温度和轧制速度的变化,单独的前馈/反馈控制很难满足高精度的温度控制需要.在本文的研究中,一系列层流冷却控制策略被采用,包括前馈/反馈控制,自适应算法,以及控制带钢整体温度的均匀性策略.实践应用表明这些控制策略得到很好的检验,能有效地提高卷取温度的控制精度和均匀性.     

热轧带钢精轧过程的混合温度模型

结合现场数据采集系统的实测数据,应用差分法替换精轧温度设定系统中计算误差较大的轧制传导温度模型,根据带钢各层温度的分布特点提出变长和变厚度网格划分的方法;对原精轧温度设定系统中空冷温降模型的辐射系数进行离线的钢种和厚度等级修正,并建立新的指数水冷温降模型,在线调整对流换热系数.由此构建的混合温度模型在保证计算速度的同时大幅度提高了预测精度.为满足现场生产精度和稳定性的需要,采用“接力式”初始化训练方法,建立了神经网络自学习系统.结果表明,改造后精轧温度设定系统的预测精度比原系统高,并且在变钢种、变规格轧制时误差波动小.     

有高温相变的电工钢热轧起浪的有限元分析

针对电工钢自由规程轧制过程起浪问题,开展电工钢不同冷却条件下的连续冷却相变转变温度分析测定和Gleeble热模拟实验,发现电工钢在975~875℃的奥氏体-铁素体两相区,随着轧制温度降低,变形抗力反而减小;电工钢大量同宽自由规程轧制下的工作辊出现严重的不均匀的箱型磨损和明显的热胀,综合辊形变化显著.考虑电工钢两相区变形抗力差异和综合辊形变化,建立电工钢热轧过程轧辊轧件的三维弹塑性耦合有限元模型,仿真分析轧制力、弯辊与窜辊对承载辊缝形状的影响,研究摩擦系数、压下量与轧制速度对带钢宽度方向内应力变化规律的影响,采用Shohet板形判据确定电工钢比例凸度残差变化路径,明确电工钢在"平坦死区"较大的上游机架出现"异常起浪"的生成过程.该方法为电工钢热轧板形的浪形控制提供了依据.     

枣弧形零件板式楔横轧应力应变分析

根据枣弧形零件外形特征在ProE三维软件中建立模具模型,通过有限元分析软件DEFORM-3D对枣弧形零件板式楔横轧进行有限元模拟,对模拟结果进行轧件的轴向截面、径向截面的应力、应变分析,同时分析轧制过程中轧件的始温和轧制速度对轧件温度和轧制力的影响;利用DEFORM-3D中的点追踪功能就轧件径向中心的应力变化,分析轧件最可能产生裂纹缺陷的区域。结果表明;轧件内部裂纹较容易出现在靠近轧件心部应力发生交替变化的区域。     

板带层流冷却过程控制方法

针对现有板带层流冷却系统中卷取温度预测模型及前馈、反馈控制算法存在的问题，研究了板带层流冷却过程控制方法；提出了基于层流冷却过程动态模型的预设定模型和卷取温度预报模型；为了增强前馈控制能力，尽量减少反馈调节作用，在预设定模型的基础上增加前馈补偿模型．仿真实验结果表明该方法是有效的．     

热带钢粗轧立辊调宽轧制过程变形研究及应用

针对工业现场热带钢轧机粗轧段立辊侧压调宽轧制的工艺特点,利用ANSYS／LS—DYNA建立了精确的立辊-水平辊三维轧制有限元仿真模型,模拟计算了不同工艺条件下轧件的变形,重点分析了横截面形状（“狗骨形”）变形特点和宽展变形特点,所建模型及计算结果已应用于粗轧段自动宽度控制（AWC）程序预设定值,应用效果良好。     

中厚板生产终轧温度控制精度分析

根据中厚板的生产特点,分析了轧辊的热传导、热辐射、对流和塑性变形功对轧件温度变化的影响,说明了轧制速度、出炉温度等工艺参数如何影响终轧温度,并建立了相应的轧制温度数学模型．     

升速轧制对热轧带钢层流冷却出口温度的影响

采用传热学原理建立了层流冷却温度有限差分模型,并用现场实测数据对水冷换热系数进行了自适应修正.对德盛1 150 mm热轧带钢层流冷却过程的温度变化进行了数值模拟,建立了一套层流冷却温度仿真系统,分析和研究升速轧制时带钢在层流冷却中温度变化的趋势.结果表明,层冷出口温度受带钢的速度影响较大,在升速过程中,如果不采用集管动态喷水调节,带钢温度出现前低后高的现象,并且随着加速度的增加带钢前后温差越大.以此为依据,现场过程自动化系统L2级硬件采用过程服务器,基础自动化系统L1级硬件采用西门子PLC,L2级和L1级软件分别在C++和Step7V5.4下编程实现,并采用了带钢头尾宏跟踪和过程自动化系统采用带钢样本微跟踪的控制策略,对处于变速及高速运动中的带钢沿长度方向逐点实施控制,用动态调节的冷却集管系统来保证在速度变化期间带钢层流冷却出口温度的稳定性.     

板带钢头部翘曲的有限元分析

为了减轻轧件头部翘曲给轧制过程带来的影响,根据现场轧制工艺,采用弹塑性有限元法建立了三维非对称轧制有限元模型。利用该模型分析热轧板带钢生产过程中轧件头部翘曲的产生机理,并研究了不同轧制工艺下的辊速比、上下表面温差、不同摩擦系数对轧件头部翘曲的影响规律。结果表明,随着压下量的增大,轧件头部翘曲量的增大趋势减缓,采用不同的配辊方案（异径比）可控制其头部翘曲的现象。     

阶梯轴类零件楔横轧成形的变形特征

应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立楔横轧轧制阶梯轴的有限元模型,对轧制过程进行了模拟仿真,并分析了轧件在展宽段内应力场、应变场的分布情况以及轧件变形过程中金属的受力和流动情况。结果表明轧件所受应力表现为两拉一压状态,且轧件心部应力较大;应变表现为轧件轧细部分应变较大,应变由外层到内层逐渐减小,轧件心部应变最小。轧件两端变形,中部则基本未受影响,变形呈对称分布;轧制过程中,轧件径向压缩并轴向延伸,轧件应变最大区的位置由外部逐渐移至心部。     

Intelligent Control on Hot Strip Coiling Temperature

A new intelligent control scheme for hot strip coiling temperature is presented. In this scheme, the prediction mode1 of finishing temperature and the presetting model of main cooling zone are establish based on BP neural network, the feed-forward open-loop control model of main cooling zone is constructed based on T-S fuzzy neural network, a new improved structure of T-S fuzzy neural network is developed, and the feedback close-loop control model of precision cooling zone is obtained based on fuzzy control. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme has been demonstrated by computer simulation with a satisfactory result.     

热轧带钢终轧温度控制模型的应用研究

为了适应加速轧制时高精度终轧温度控制的要求,在机架间冷却单元的基础上开发了在线自适应、前馈与反馈相结合的在线终轧温度控制模型,并现场测试了机架间冷却阀门的开度和流量曲线。结果表明,该模型对于提高终轧温度控制精度是有效的。     

Cooling hot rolling steel strip using combined tactics

The coiling temperature control of a typical steel strip mill was investigated.Due to the high speed of a strip and complex circumstance,it is very hard to set up a cooling model with high accuracy.A simplified dynamic model was proposed,based on which a cooling control scheme with combined feedforward,feedback and adaptive algorithms was developed.Meanwhile,the ge- netic algorithms were used for the optimization of model parameters.Simulations with a model validated using actual plant data were conducted,and the results have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed control methods.At last,a simulation system for coiling temperature control was developed.It can be used for new product trials and newcomer training.     

Work roll thermal contour prediction model of nonoriented electrical steel sheets in hot strip mills

The demands for profile and flatness of nonoriented electrical steels are becoming more and more severe. The temperature field and thermal contour of work rolls are the key factors that affect the profile and flatness control in the finishing trains of the hot rolling. A theoretic mathematical model was built by a two-dimensional finite difference to calculate the temperature field and thermal contour at any time within the entire rolling campaign in the hot rolling process. To improve the calculating speed and precision, some special solutions were introduced, including the development of this model, the simplification of boundary conditions, the computation of heat transfer coefficient, and the narrower mesh along the edge of the strip. The effects of rolling pace and work roll shifting on the temperature field and thermal contour of work rolls in the hot rolling process were demonstrated. The calculated results of the prediction model are in good agreement with the measured ones and can be applied to guiding profile and flatness control of nonoriented electrical steel sheets in hot strip mills.     

钢板轧后冷却过程温度场仿真

建立钢板的温度场模型是钢板轧后冷却过程控制与优化的基础.为此,简述了钢板轧后冷却过程模型研究的情况,基于有限元方法建立了钢板轧后冷却过程的温度场模型,并进行了仿真研究.在ANSYS软件环境下,通过对工件几何、单元类型、材料属性与边界条件等定义,对钢板轧后冷却过程瞬态温度场模型进行了仿真求解,得到了钢板的温降曲线及瞬态温度场分布,所模拟出的温度场对合理制定冷却制度和冷却工艺具有实际指导意义.     

Modeling of microstructure evolution and mechanical properties during hot-strip rolling of Nb steels

An integrated metallurgical model was developed for Nb steels to predict the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties during the hot-strip rolling and cooling process. On the basis of the industrial data, the transformation kinetics, strength, and elongation rate were evaluated for different chemical compositions and processing parameters. The yield strength and tensile strength increase with increasing Nb content or decreasing finishing temperature. The bainite distributed in finer ferrite matrix, which is produced at relatively low coiling temperatures, can greatly increase the strength of steel, especially tensile strength, thereby decreasing the yield ratio. A reasonable agreement was found between the predicted and measured results. It indicates that the present models can be used to simulate the actual production process.     

X70管线钢热轧钢卷冷却过程中的相变与应力变化

为了分析钢卷冷却对带钢板形的影响,运用有限元方法研究了层流冷却后的X70管线钢热轧钢卷冷却过程,建立了热轧钢卷热力耦合模型,计算了卷取温度分别为500℃和550℃时冷却过程中的钢卷温度、相变体积分数、残余应力.模型考虑了钢卷径向层间接触对传热的影响,以及钢卷内径壁、外径壁和2个端面的换热系数的差异.结果表明:冷却过程中,钢卷的温度和相变不均匀使得钢卷的切向上边部受拉应力,而中部受压应力;钢卷在550℃卷取后,带钢边部20 mm以内的拉应力超过基体的屈服应力,板形有边浪趋势;降低带钢的卷取温度至500℃促进相变充分进行,有利于钢卷冷却后残余应力的降低.开卷后X70管线钢的边浪和横向C型弯曲板形是不均匀的层流冷却和不均匀钢卷冷却共同作用的结果.     

Analysis of the factors affecting thermal evolution of hot rolled steel during coil cooling

1. IntroductionPrecipitation is the most important metallurgicalprocess during coil cooling in a hot rolling mill. Beingone of the strengthening approaches, precipitationhardening contributes to the strength of steel products[1-5]. It is well known that p…