用化学处理法从低品位辉钼矿精矿中回收钼

本文报导的研究成果涉及两种工艺：（1）苏打灰焙烧法；（2）石灰强化碳热还原法。将它们用于从低品位辉钼矿精矿中提取钼产品的试验已经获得成功。 用上述两种工艺已分别产出MoO3和钼金属半成品，所得半成品再分别用炭吸附一解吸法和熔盐电解精炼法进一步提纯，最终产品的纯度分别达到99．9％和99、8％。此外，这些工艺还提供了包括环境污染和废气治理等的有效解决办法。而它们在处理高品位MoS2矿石（或精矿）的传统工艺中，正是两个尚未解决的主要问题。     

用化学处理法从低品位辉钼矿精矿中回收钼

本文报导的研究成果涉及两种工艺:(1)苏打灰焙烧法;(2)石灰强化碳热还原法。将它们用于从低品位辉钼矿精矿中提取钼产品的试验已经获得成功。用上述两种工艺已分别产出MoO_3和钼金属半成品,所得半成品再分别用炭吸附—解吸法和熔盐电解精炼法进一步提纯,最终产品的纯度分别达到99．9%和99．8%。此外,这些工艺还提供了包括环境污染和废气治理等的有效解决办法。而它们在处理高品位MoS_2矿石(或精矿)的传统工艺中,正是两个尚未解决的主要问题。     

Ethyl-bis-triazinylpyridine (Et-BTP) for the separation of americium(III) from trivalent lanthanides using solvent extraction and supported liquid membrane methods

The present paper deals with the solvent extraction and supported liquid membrane studies on Ln(III)/An(III) separation using ethyl-bis-triazinylpyridine (Et-BTP) as the extractant. The solvent extraction studies involved evaluation of a) diluents, b) phase modifiers, c) stripping agents and d) role of feed acidity. Though reasonably high separation factor values were obtained when Et-BTP was used along with α-bromo carboxylic acids, the mixtures could not be used for liquid membrane studies due to unsatisfactory stripping. On the other hand, a combination of Et-BTP with chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide (CCD) in nitrobenzene resulted in significant Am(III) mass transfer when used in the solvent extraction as well as SLM studies. Improved transport, membrane stability, and decontamination from lanthanides were observed when the organic phase diluent composition was 60% nitrobenzene + 40% n-dodecane. Using 0.02 M Et-BTP along with 0.005 M CCD in 60% nitrobenzene + 40% n-dodecane, the SLM studies on a mixture of ²⁴¹Am, ¹⁵²Eu and ¹⁴⁷Nd in a feed containing 0.1 M HNO₃, indicated quantitative Am³⁺ transport in 3.5 h with co-transport of about 8% Nd³⁺ and 22% Eu³⁺.     

Separation of platinum and palladium from chloride solution by solvent extraction using Alamine 300

The separation of platinum and palladium from chloride solution by solvent extraction, using Alamine 300 as an extractant, has been studied. The effect of different parameters such as the concentration of HCl in the feed solution, NaCl concentration, extractant concentration, and platinum and palladium concentrations in the feed solution has been evaluated. Stripping behavior was also studied using different stripping agents, such as sodium thiocyanate and thiourea. Using a saturated solution of sodium chloride at a pH 1.5, platinum was selectively extracted as the major component, along with minor amounts of palladium. By adding a saturated solution of NaCl to the aqueous phase, palladium extraction could be decreased. Additionally, with the use of 0.5 M HCl in place of NaCl, both metals were studied. Selective stripping of platinum accomplished using sodium thiocyanate, and the selective removal palladium was achieved with sodium thiosulfate. This process can achieve a 99.9% purity of platinum even in very dilute solution.     

铜、钼分离浮选试验研究

为了充分回收利用钼资源,对某选矿厂产出的含钼铜精矿进行了铜、钼分离浮选试验研究。通过对含钼铜精矿进行阶段磨矿、抑制铜等金属硫化矿、有效抑制脉石矿物,获得了钼精矿品位47.35%、含铜0.62%、钼回收率86.45%的较好闭路试验指标。     

Recovery of nickel and cobalt from laterite leach solutions using direct solvent extraction: Part 1 — selection of a synergistic SX system

The separation of nickel and cobalt from impurities such as manganese, magnesium and calcium using solvent extraction with Versatic 10 was largely improved by the addition of a synergistic reagent LIX63 (an α-hydroxyoxime) or 4PC (a pyridine carboxylate ester). With the organic systems containing Versatic 10 alone, the separation factors of nickel and cobalt over manganese were 6 and 15 respectively. When 4PC was added to the system, these increased to 147 and 1870 respectively, and with LIX63, they were even higher at 534 and 7720 respectively. This indicates that the synergistic solvent extraction (SSX) system with Versatic 10 and LIX63 performed very well and better than that with Versatic 10 and 4PC.The SSX system consisting of 0.5 M Versatic 10, 0.45 M LIX63 and 1.0 M TBP in Shellsol D70 performed the best among the systems tested containing LIX63. After a single contact, the extraction of Ni and Co was 99.6% and 96.9%, respectively. Only 6 mg/L Mn, 8 mg/L Mg and 1 mg/L Ca were found in the loaded organic solution. The manganese scrub efficiency was 97.7% at pH 5.3, resulting in a scrubbed organic solution containing only 0.8 mg/L Mn. Over 99% nickel, cobalt and manganese were stripped at pH 2.0, indicating easy stripping of these metals.The SSX system consisting of 0.5 M Versatic 10 and 1.0 M 4PC in Shellsol D70 performed the best among the systems tested containing 4PC. After a single contact, the extraction of Ni and Co was 99.4% and 89.4%, respectively. Some 200 mg/L Mn, 10 mg/L Mg and 48 mg/L Ca were found in the loaded organic solution. The manganese could not be scrubbed at the tested pH range of 5.4-6.0. Very fast Ni and fast Co stripping kinetics were observed, however, the Mn stripping kinetics were very slow. After 2 min of stripping, only 1.22% Mn was stripped.It is concluded that the SSX system containing 0.5 M Versatic 10, 0.45 M LIX63 and 1.0 M TBP performed much better than the SSX system containing 0.5 M Versatic 10 and 1.0 M 4PC in terms of both manganese and calcium behaviour in extraction, scrubbing and stripping.     

溶剂萃取法从低含量金浸出液中提取金的研究

本文研究了用二丁基卡必醇对盐酸体系中低含量金、高含量铁的萃取分离。在适当条件下，采用逆流萃取、划酸反萃的方法，得到海锦金的直收率为８２．４％，金的含量达９９．９７％；并用饱和容量法、紫外光谱和红外光谱分析确证了二丁基卡必醇对盐酸体系中金的萃取机理和萃合物组成。     

从低品位大块矿石中采用堆浸法提取金的研究与实践

对矿山剥离废弃的低品位氧化贫矿石 ,在不进行破碎处理的情况下 ,采取大块原矿直接堆浸提金 ,获得了理想的金浸出率和经济效益。     

云南某铜铅混合精矿浮选分离试验研究

针对云南某复杂硫化铜铅锌矿石铜铅混合浮选获得的混合精矿性质,进行了铜铅浮选分离试验研究,考察了脱药预处理及浮选分离的主要影响因素。结果表明:在最佳条件下,采用绿色环保、高效的铜矿物抑制剂BK520和铅矿物捕收剂BK902作为组合选矿药剂,获得了铅回收率93. 87%、铜回收率92. 33%的良好选矿指标。     

Uranium extraction from partially neutralised and diluted phosphoric acid using a synergistic organophosphorous solvent mixture

A process is described for the separation of uranium from partially neutralised and diluted phosphoric acid (PNDA) which is generated in fertiliser plants when phosphoric acid is used to scrub ammoniacal vapours from the neutralisation reactors. The separation process is based on solvent extraction using a synergistic mixture of di-2-ethyl hexyl phosphoric acid (DEHPA) with tri-n-alkyl phosphine oxide (TAPO). The effects of process parameters including concentration of DEHPA and TAPO, temperature and degree of neutralisation of acid have been investigated. Laboratory scale and pilot plant scale tests have been carried out. The extraction reaction is found to be exothermic with enthalpy effect of 30 kJ/mol. Tests on stripping of extracted uranium and recovery of uranium have been carried out and results are reported. Analysis of data indicates significant differences in the mechanism of uranium extraction from PNDA and the mechanism reported in literature for extraction of uranium from weak phosphoric acid using a similar solvent mixture.     

The separation and recovery of zinc and cadmium from chloride liquors by solvent extraction

Abstract

The distributions of tracer and macro quantities of zinc (II) and cadmium (II) between aqueous solutions of sodium chloride and a selection of the most important commercial extraction agents, plus a few of the more promising recently-introduced extractants in a variety of suitable diluents, have been measured. These results have been compared with the extraction and separation of these two metals from a practical plant liquor arising from a fume-scrubbing unit attached to a zinc smelter. It is concluded that the neutral solvating agents will extract zinc prefentially to gave a product of high purity e.g. TBP (tri-n-butyl phosphate), TOPO (tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide).

However cadmium, relatively free of iron and zinc, may be obtained by the extraction with liquid anion exchangers, particularly the tertiary amines.

Résumé

La distribution de traces et de macroquantites de zinc (II) et de cadmium (II) entre des solutions aqueuses de NaCl et une selection d'agents d'extraction commer-ciaux a été mesurée. Les agents d'extraction choisis étaient les plus importants et les plus prometteurs récemment introduits sur le marché. Les résultats ont été comparés avec l'extraction et la séparation de ces deux métaux d'une liqueur industrielle. On peut conclure que l'agent solvant neutre, tel Ie TBP (tri-n-butyl phosphate) et Tapa (tri-n-octyl phosphine oxyde), extrait Ie zinc préférentiellement et donne un produit de haute pureté.

Cependant du cadmium relativement exempt de fer et de zinc peut être obtenu par extraction avec un liquide échangeur d'anions, particulièrement d'amines tertiaires.     

金精矿无污染提金新技术的研究

采用次氯酸钠从烟台地区金精矿中提取金银，金银浸出率分别达９８％和５４％，浸取周期仅为常规氰化法的１／３。对主要影响因素包括次氯酸钠浓度、浸取时间、浸取温度进行了考察。     

Multi-criteria design optimization study of solvent extraction in mixer–settler units

Solvent extraction is considered as a multi-criteria optimization problem, since several chemical species with similar extraction kinetic properties are frequently present in the aqueous phase and the selective extraction is not practicable. This optimization, applied to mixer–settler units, considers the best parameters and operating conditions, as well as the best structure or process flow-sheet. Global process optimization is performed for a specific flow-sheet and a comparison of Pareto curves for different flow-sheets is made. The positive weight sum approach linked to the sequential quadratic programming method is used to obtain the Pareto set.In all investigated structures, recovery increases with hold-up, residence time and agitation speed, while the purity has an opposite behaviour. For the same treatment capacity, counter-current arrangements are shown to promote recovery without significant impairment in purity. Recycling the aqueous phase is shown to be irrelevant, but organic recycling with as many stages as economically feasible clearly improves the design criteria and reduces the most efficient organic flow-rate.     

硫脲浸出金精矿及石油亚砜矿浆萃取Au(Ⅰ)的研究

本文研究并选择了酸性硫脲浸出金精矿的最佳工艺条件,对石油亚砜从硫脲浸出矿浆中直接萃取Au(Ⅰ)的性能作了初步的探索。     

从石煤酸浸液中萃取分离钒钼

采用P204作为萃取剂富集分离石煤酸浸液中的钒和钼,考察了溶液pH值、反萃剂种类、反萃剂浓度、反萃相比对钒钼富集分离的影响.研究结果表明：经过Na2S2O3还原后的溶液,钒的萃取率可以达到84.1%,钼的萃取率可以达到81.1%;采用1.5 mol/L的硫酸溶液反萃负载钒和钼的有机相,钒的反萃率可以达到99%以上,钼不能被反萃;在O/A为（体积比）3∶1的条件下采用60 g/L的碳酸氢铵溶液可以将钼反萃,其反萃率为76.4%.采用不同的反萃剂,可以实现钒和钼的分离.     

钼精矿焙烧低浓度SO2烟气治理方案探讨

概述了SO2烟气治理的方法,介绍了金堆城钼业集团钼精矿焙烧低浓度SO2烟气的治理状况,对配气制酸法和氨-酸法两种治理方案进行了比较,指出配气制酸法是金钼集团最佳治理方案.     

钼精矿焙烧低浓度SO2烟气治理方案探讨

概述了SO2烟气治理的方法，介绍了金堆城钼业集团钼精矿焙烧低浓度SO2烟气的治理状况，对配气制酸法和氨-酸法两种治理方案进行了比较，指出配气制酸法是金钼集团最佳治理方案。     

潼关地区含铅低品位金精矿选冶工艺研究

本文介绍了潼关地区含铅低品位金精矿的试验研究结果,采用浮选脱铅、铜—尾矿再磨—氰化浸出、选冶联合工艺,综合回收金、银、铅、铜,金选冶总回收率达到90％以上,取得了较好的技术指标,为进一步开发资源提供了依据。该工艺流程简单,投资少,经济效益可观,有利于实现工业化生产。     

Minimum amount of extracting solvent of AB/BC countercurrent extraction separation using organic feed

For an AB/BC countercurrent extraction separation using organic feed, the conditions to have minimum amount of ex- tracting solvent （Smin） and minimum amount of scrubbing agent solution （Wmin） were discussed, and the formulae of both Sroin and Wmin were deduced. It was shown that only when the ratio of flowrate of central component B leaving aqueous outlet to that leaving organic outlet took a certain optimal value, the AB/BC separation could have Smin as well as Wmin, and this optimal ratio was decided by the separation factors between the three components but independent of feed composition. Smin was only relative to the separation factor of A/C pair but regardless of the separation factors of other pairs as well as feed composition, whereas Wmin was determined by the separation factors between the components together with feed composition. Meanwhile it was also found that the organic stream out of feed stage was same composition as the initial organic feed when the separation system was given by the two minimum amounts and its steady state was achieved. Finally the results above were used to design a LuYb/YbTm separation case and the stage-wise compositions of each component in both the organic and the aqueous phase at steady state were given by computer simulation.     

金电解与溶剂萃取精炼工艺比较分析

介绍了金电解与溶剂萃取两种工艺的原则流程;对两种工艺在原料的适应性、过程控制、工艺设备及配置、主要技术经济指标及投资等方面进行了比较分析.